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Tense India awaits river ruling More Cauvery water for Tamil Nadu
(about 2 hours later)
A tribunal set up 17 years ago to decide on a dispute over water from the Cauvery river in India is due to announce its verdict within hours. A tribunal set up 17 years ago to decide on a dispute over sharing water from the Cauvery river in southern India has announced its verdict.
The southern states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu have been fighting over the river water for over a century. Tamil Nadu state is to get 419,000 million cubic (tmc) feet of water a year. Karnataka will get 270 tmc feet - less than half of what it wanted.
In Karnataka's capital Bangalore, more than 16,000 police have been deployed to ensure peace if the tribunal rules against the state's claim. The dispute is more than 100 years old. Karnataka has said that it will appeal against Monday's decision.
In 1991, 18 people died in large-scale violence in the city. Kerala state is to get 30 tmc feet and Pondicherry will get 7 tmc.
Karnataka and Tamil Nadu have both argued that they need the water for their farmers.
The Indian constitution defines the Cauvery as an 'interstate' river.
It originates in Karnataka, flows through Tamil Nadu, and parts of Kerala and Pondicherry.
The dispute over its waters originated in the 19th Century during the British rule between the then Madras presidency (modern day Tamil Nadu) and the province of Mysore (now Karnataka).
Ensuring peace
In the state capital Bangalore, police made at least 700 preventive arrests before Monday's verdict was announced.
Violence in Bangalore after the panel's 1991 verdict
More than 16,000 police have been deployed to ensure peace.
In 1991, Bangalore city witnessed anti-Tamil riots following the tribunal's interim order in which 18 people died.
Tamils were attacked and their homes destroyed in Mandya, Mysore and Chamarajnagar districts, bordering Tamil Nadu.
Bangalore is the technology hub of India and is home to a large number of Indian and foreign multi-nationals.Bangalore is the technology hub of India and is home to a large number of Indian and foreign multi-nationals.
Bangalore Police Commissioner Achyut Rao told the BBC that hundreds of people have been taken into custody as part of the security measures to prevent a repeat of the 1991 riots.Bangalore Police Commissioner Achyut Rao told the BBC that hundreds of people have been taken into custody as part of the security measures to prevent a repeat of the 1991 riots.
'Threat perception'
"We have issued instructions to deal with any law and order situation sternly," Mr Rao said."We have issued instructions to deal with any law and order situation sternly," Mr Rao said.
Bus services between the two states have been suspended as a precautionary measure and many schools and colleges across Bangalore have been shut.
'Threat perception'
Karnataka Chief Minister HD Kumaraswamy held an all-party meeting and called for peace in the event of the tribunal order going against the state.Karnataka Chief Minister HD Kumaraswamy held an all-party meeting and called for peace in the event of the tribunal order going against the state.
The Karnataka Tamils' Federation - which represents the minority Tamil community - has written to President APJ Abdul Kalam, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and local officials asking for security for Tamils living in Bangalore and other parts of the Cauvery river basin.The Karnataka Tamils' Federation - which represents the minority Tamil community - has written to President APJ Abdul Kalam, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and local officials asking for security for Tamils living in Bangalore and other parts of the Cauvery river basin.
Federation president AP Shanmuga Sundaram said Tamils were wary of a backlash if the order went in favour of Tamil Nadu.Federation president AP Shanmuga Sundaram said Tamils were wary of a backlash if the order went in favour of Tamil Nadu.
In 1991, Bangalore city witnessed anti-Tamil riots following an interim order from the tribunal which asked Karnataka to release water to Tamil Nadu.
Tamils were attacked and their homes destroyed in Mandya, Mysore and Chamarajnagar districts, bordering Tamil Nadu.
The Cauvery river water tribunal was set up in 1990 after the failure of several rounds of talks between the two states.The Cauvery river water tribunal was set up in 1990 after the failure of several rounds of talks between the two states.
Dozens of meetings have been held to find a settlement of the century-old dispute.Dozens of meetings have been held to find a settlement of the century-old dispute.
Farmers in both states rely on the Cauvery river for irrigation