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| Version 1 | Version 2 |
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| Japan's lower house approves change to self-defence law | Japan's lower house approves change to self-defence law |
| (about 3 hours later) | |
| The lower house of Japan's parliament has approved two controversial bills that change the country's security laws, despite protests in Tokyo. | The lower house of Japan's parliament has approved two controversial bills that change the country's security laws, despite protests in Tokyo. |
| The changes would allow Japanese troops to fight overseas for the first time since World War Two. | The changes would allow Japanese troops to fight overseas for the first time since World War Two. |
| The bills still need approval from the upper house, but many expect them to eventually be passed into law. | The bills still need approval from the upper house, but many expect them to eventually be passed into law. |
| The changes are unpopular and thousands demonstrated outside parliament on Wednesday. | The changes are unpopular and thousands demonstrated outside parliament on Wednesday. |
| Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has pushed for the two bills, arguing it is necessary to expand the role of the military in a doctrine called collective self-defence. | Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has pushed for the two bills, arguing it is necessary to expand the role of the military in a doctrine called collective self-defence. |
| But polls show more than half of Japanese citizens oppose them. | But polls show more than half of Japanese citizens oppose them. |
| Reacting to the passing of the bills, China's foreign affairs ministry spokesman Hua Chunying questioned if Japan was "abandoning its pacifist policies", and urged Japan to "stick to the path of peaceful development" and avoid harming the region's stability. | Reacting to the passing of the bills, China's foreign affairs ministry spokesman Hua Chunying questioned if Japan was "abandoning its pacifist policies", and urged Japan to "stick to the path of peaceful development" and avoid harming the region's stability. |
| South Korea has similarly in the past urged Japan to "contribute to regional peace and security" and called for transparency in Japan's defence policy discussions. | South Korea has similarly in the past urged Japan to "contribute to regional peace and security" and called for transparency in Japan's defence policy discussions. |
| What is collective self-defence? | What is collective self-defence? |
| Japan's post-World War Two constitution bars it from using force to resolve conflicts except in cases of self-defence. | Japan's post-World War Two constitution bars it from using force to resolve conflicts except in cases of self-defence. |
| Mr Abe's government has pushed for a change that would revise the laws such that Japan's military would be able to mobilise overseas when these three conditions are met: | Mr Abe's government has pushed for a change that would revise the laws such that Japan's military would be able to mobilise overseas when these three conditions are met: |
| Most of the opposition lawmakers walked out of the lower house chamber in protest before the vote took place on Thursday, with only members of the small Japan Restoration Party voting against the bills. | Most of the opposition lawmakers walked out of the lower house chamber in protest before the vote took place on Thursday, with only members of the small Japan Restoration Party voting against the bills. |
| Mr Abe's Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and its coalition partners hold a two-thirds majority in the lower house, which is needed to approve bills. | Mr Abe's Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and its coalition partners hold a two-thirds majority in the lower house, which is needed to approve bills. |
| The upper house, where the LDP and partners also hold a majority, now has 60 days to rule on the bills. Even if it rejects them, the bills would be sent back to the lower house which can then pass them into law. | The upper house, where the LDP and partners also hold a majority, now has 60 days to rule on the bills. Even if it rejects them, the bills would be sent back to the lower house which can then pass them into law. |
| But the BBC's Rupert Wingfield-Hayes says that the opposition is expected to launch legal challenges to rule the bills as unconstitutional. | But the BBC's Rupert Wingfield-Hayes says that the opposition is expected to launch legal challenges to rule the bills as unconstitutional. |
| Our correspondent says those in Japan who oppose the bills believe they break Japan's explicitly pacifist constitution and also distrust Mr Abe, who is known for his right-wing nationalist views. | Our correspondent says those in Japan who oppose the bills believe they break Japan's explicitly pacifist constitution and also distrust Mr Abe, who is known for his right-wing nationalist views. |
| Organisers of a large protest which took place outside parliament on Wednesday night said about 100,000 people showed up. | Organisers of a large protest which took place outside parliament on Wednesday night said about 100,000 people showed up. |
| "I'm angry at both the new security bill and Prime Minister Abe. The bill is against Japan's constitution... Abe does not understand it," student Jinshiro Motoyama told the BBC. | "I'm angry at both the new security bill and Prime Minister Abe. The bill is against Japan's constitution... Abe does not understand it," student Jinshiro Motoyama told the BBC. |
| Mr Abe first put the changes in motion last year when he sought to reinterpret Japan's pacifist constitution to allow the bills. | Mr Abe first put the changes in motion last year when he sought to reinterpret Japan's pacifist constitution to allow the bills. |