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| Snowden files 'read by Russia and China': 5 questions for UK government | |
| (35 minutes later) | |
| The Sunday Times produced what at first sight looked like a startling news story: Russia and China had gained access to the cache of top-secret documents leaked by former NSA contractor turned whistleblower Edward Snowden. | The Sunday Times produced what at first sight looked like a startling news story: Russia and China had gained access to the cache of top-secret documents leaked by former NSA contractor turned whistleblower Edward Snowden. |
| Not only that but as a result of this, Britain’s overseas intelligence agency, the Secret Intelligence Service, better known as MI6, had been forced “to pull agents out of live operations in hostile countries”. | |
| These are serious allegations and, as such, the government has an obligation to respond openly. | These are serious allegations and, as such, the government has an obligation to respond openly. |
| The story is based on “senior officials in Downing Street, the Home Office and the security services”. The BBC said it was also briefed anonymously by a senior government official. | The story is based on “senior officials in Downing Street, the Home Office and the security services”. The BBC said it was also briefed anonymously by a senior government official. |
| Anonymous sources are an unavoidable part of reporting. But neither Downing Street nor the Home Office should be allowed to hide behind anonymity in this case. | Anonymous sources are an unavoidable part of reporting. But neither Downing Street nor the Home Office should be allowed to hide behind anonymity in this case. |
| Related: UK under pressure to respond to latest Edward Snowden claims | Related: UK under pressure to respond to latest Edward Snowden claims |
| 1. Is it true that Russia and China have gained access to Snowden’s cache of top-secret documents? If so, where is the evidence? | 1. Is it true that Russia and China have gained access to Snowden’s cache of top-secret documents? If so, where is the evidence? |
| What cache of documents is the UK government talking about? Snowden said he handed over tens of thousands of leaked documents to journalists he met in Hong Kong and has not had them in his possession since. So what cache is the government talking about? Have Russia and China managed to gain entry to one of the caches held by one of the journalists or their companies? | What cache of documents is the UK government talking about? Snowden said he handed over tens of thousands of leaked documents to journalists he met in Hong Kong and has not had them in his possession since. So what cache is the government talking about? Have Russia and China managed to gain entry to one of the caches held by one of the journalists or their companies? |
| In addition, if agents had to be moved, why? What Snowden documents allegedly compromised them to the extent they had to be forcibly removed from post? | In addition, if agents had to be moved, why? What Snowden documents allegedly compromised them to the extent they had to be forcibly removed from post? |
| 2. Why has neither the White House nor the US intelligence agencies raised this? | 2. Why has neither the White House nor the US intelligence agencies raised this? |
| Snowden is wanted by the US on charges under the Espionage Act. The White House, the US intelligence agencies and, especially, some members of Congress have been desperate to blacken Snowden’s reputation. They have gone through his personal life and failed to come up with a single damaging detail. | Snowden is wanted by the US on charges under the Espionage Act. The White House, the US intelligence agencies and, especially, some members of Congress have been desperate to blacken Snowden’s reputation. They have gone through his personal life and failed to come up with a single damaging detail. |
| If the UK had evidence that Russia and China managed to penetrate his document cache or of agents being forced to move, the UK would have shared this with Washington. The White House would have happily briefed this openly as would any number of Republican – and even Democratic – members of Congress close to the security services. They would not have stinted: it would have been a full-blown press conference. | If the UK had evidence that Russia and China managed to penetrate his document cache or of agents being forced to move, the UK would have shared this with Washington. The White House would have happily briefed this openly as would any number of Republican – and even Democratic – members of Congress close to the security services. They would not have stinted: it would have been a full-blown press conference. |
| The debate in the US has become more grownup in recent months, with fewer scare stories and more interest in introducing reforms that will redress the balance between security and privacy. But there are still many in Congress and the intelligence agencies seeking vengeance against Snowden. | The debate in the US has become more grownup in recent months, with fewer scare stories and more interest in introducing reforms that will redress the balance between security and privacy. But there are still many in Congress and the intelligence agencies seeking vengeance against Snowden. |
| 3. Why have these claims emerged now? | 3. Why have these claims emerged now? |
| Most the allegations have been made before in some form, only to fall apart when scrutinised. These include that Snowden was a Chinese spy and, when he ended up in Moscow, that he was a Russian spy or at least cooperating with them. The US claimed 56 plots had been disrupted as a result of surveillance but, after being pressed, acknowledged this was untrue. | Most the allegations have been made before in some form, only to fall apart when scrutinised. These include that Snowden was a Chinese spy and, when he ended up in Moscow, that he was a Russian spy or at least cooperating with them. The US claimed 56 plots had been disrupted as a result of surveillance but, after being pressed, acknowledged this was untrue. |
| The claim about agents being moved was first made 18 months ago in the UK, along with allegations that Snowden had helped terrorists evade surveillance and, as a result, he had blood on his hands. Both the US and UK have since acknowledged no one has been harmed. | The claim about agents being moved was first made 18 months ago in the UK, along with allegations that Snowden had helped terrorists evade surveillance and, as a result, he had blood on his hands. Both the US and UK have since acknowledged no one has been harmed. |
| So why now? One explanation is that it is partly in response to Thursday’s publication of David Anderson’s 373-page report into surveillance. The QC was asked by David Cameron to provide an independent review and there is much in it for the government and intelligence services to like, primarily about retaining bulk data collection. But Anderson is scathing about the existing legal framework for surveillance, describing it as intolerable and undemocratic, and has proposed approval for surveillance warrants be transferred from the foreign and home secretaries to the judiciary. | So why now? One explanation is that it is partly in response to Thursday’s publication of David Anderson’s 373-page report into surveillance. The QC was asked by David Cameron to provide an independent review and there is much in it for the government and intelligence services to like, primarily about retaining bulk data collection. But Anderson is scathing about the existing legal framework for surveillance, describing it as intolerable and undemocratic, and has proposed approval for surveillance warrants be transferred from the foreign and home secretaries to the judiciary. |
| Anderson’s proposal – along with another surveillance report out next month from the Royal United Services Institute – mean that there will be continued debate in the UK. There are also rulings pending from the European court. The increasing use of encryption by web users is another live issue. And, above all else, there is the backlash by the big internet providers such as Google who appear to be less prepared to cooperate with the intelligence agencies, at least not those in the UK. | Anderson’s proposal – along with another surveillance report out next month from the Royal United Services Institute – mean that there will be continued debate in the UK. There are also rulings pending from the European court. The increasing use of encryption by web users is another live issue. And, above all else, there is the backlash by the big internet providers such as Google who appear to be less prepared to cooperate with the intelligence agencies, at least not those in the UK. |
| The issue is not going away and the British government and intelligence agencies need to try to take control of the narrative. | The issue is not going away and the British government and intelligence agencies need to try to take control of the narrative. |
| 4. Why is the Foreign Office not mentioned as source? | 4. Why is the Foreign Office not mentioned as source? |
| It seems like a pedantic point but one that could offer an insight into the manoeuvring inside the higher reaches of government. MI6 is the responsibility of the Foreign Office. But it is the Home Office rather than the Foreign Office that is quoted in the story. So is it the Home Office – and individuals within that department – rather than the Foreign Office that is most exercised about the potential transfer of surveillance warrant approval from the home secretary, the proposed scrapping of existing legislation covering surveillance and other potential reforms? | It seems like a pedantic point but one that could offer an insight into the manoeuvring inside the higher reaches of government. MI6 is the responsibility of the Foreign Office. But it is the Home Office rather than the Foreign Office that is quoted in the story. So is it the Home Office – and individuals within that department – rather than the Foreign Office that is most exercised about the potential transfer of surveillance warrant approval from the home secretary, the proposed scrapping of existing legislation covering surveillance and other potential reforms? |
| 5. What about the debatable assertions and at least one totally inaccurate point in the Sunday Times piece? | 5. What about the debatable assertions and at least one totally inaccurate point in the Sunday Times piece? |
| The Sunday Times says Snowden “fled to seek protection from Vladimir Putin, the Russian president, after mounting one of the largest leaks in US history”. Snowden was fleeing Hong Kong bound for Latin America, via Moscow and Cuba. The US revoked his passport, providing Russia with an excuse to hold him in transit. | The Sunday Times says Snowden “fled to seek protection from Vladimir Putin, the Russian president, after mounting one of the largest leaks in US history”. Snowden was fleeing Hong Kong bound for Latin America, via Moscow and Cuba. The US revoked his passport, providing Russia with an excuse to hold him in transit. |
| The Sunday Times says it is not clear whether Russia and China stole Snowden’s data or “whether he voluntarily handed over his secret documents in order to remain at liberty in Hong Kong and Moscow”. The latter is not possible if, as Snowden says, he gave all the documents to journalists in Hong Kong in June 2013. | The Sunday Times says it is not clear whether Russia and China stole Snowden’s data or “whether he voluntarily handed over his secret documents in order to remain at liberty in Hong Kong and Moscow”. The latter is not possible if, as Snowden says, he gave all the documents to journalists in Hong Kong in June 2013. |
| The Sunday Times also reports that “David Miranda, the boyfriend of Guardian journalist Glenn Greenwald, was seized at Heathrow in 2013 in possession of 58,000 ‘highly-classified’ intelligence documents after visiting Snowden in Moscow.” | The Sunday Times also reports that “David Miranda, the boyfriend of Guardian journalist Glenn Greenwald, was seized at Heathrow in 2013 in possession of 58,000 ‘highly-classified’ intelligence documents after visiting Snowden in Moscow.” |
| This is inaccurate. Miranda had, in fact, been in Berlin seeing film-maker Laura Poitras, not in Moscow seeing Snowden. It is not a small point. | This is inaccurate. Miranda had, in fact, been in Berlin seeing film-maker Laura Poitras, not in Moscow seeing Snowden. It is not a small point. |
| The claim about Miranda having been in Moscow first appeared in the Daily Mail in September last year under the headline “An intelligence expert’s devastating verdict: Leaks by Edward Snowden and the Guardian have put British hostages in even greater peril”. It was written by Professor Anthony Glees, director of the centre for security and intelligence studies at the University of Buckingham, and has never been corrected. Maybe the Sunday Times can do better. | The claim about Miranda having been in Moscow first appeared in the Daily Mail in September last year under the headline “An intelligence expert’s devastating verdict: Leaks by Edward Snowden and the Guardian have put British hostages in even greater peril”. It was written by Professor Anthony Glees, director of the centre for security and intelligence studies at the University of Buckingham, and has never been corrected. Maybe the Sunday Times can do better. |