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| Version 1 | Version 2 |
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| Chewing gum weight loss warning | Chewing gum weight loss warning |
| (19 minutes later) | |
| Too much "sugar-free" chewing gum can lead to severe weight loss and diarrhoea, doctors warn. | Too much "sugar-free" chewing gum can lead to severe weight loss and diarrhoea, doctors warn. |
| The cause is sorbitol, a widely used sweetener in chewing gum and sweets, which acts as a laxative. | The cause is sorbitol, a widely used sweetener in chewing gum and sweets, which acts as a laxative. |
| Writing in the British Medical Journal, experts gave the example of two patients who had become ill after chewing around 20 sticks of gum a day. | Writing in the British Medical Journal, experts gave the example of two patients who had become ill after chewing around 20 sticks of gum a day. |
| Industry representatives said sorbitol was a safe product and packs carried warnings about excessive consumption. | Industry representatives said sorbitol was a safe product and packs carried warnings about excessive consumption. |
| Sorbitol is widely used in "sugar-free" foods, including products for people with diabetes. | Sorbitol is widely used in "sugar-free" foods, including products for people with diabetes. |
| As possible side effects are usually found only within the small print on foods containing sorbitol, consumers may be unaware of its laxative effects and fail to recognise a link with their gastrointestinal problems Dr Juergen Bauditz | As possible side effects are usually found only within the small print on foods containing sorbitol, consumers may be unaware of its laxative effects and fail to recognise a link with their gastrointestinal problems Dr Juergen Bauditz |
| It is also used as a laxative but despite warnings on packets of chewing-gum and other products containing sorbitol, many people do not realise that large amounts will cause stomach problems, the German researchers said. | It is also used as a laxative but despite warnings on packets of chewing-gum and other products containing sorbitol, many people do not realise that large amounts will cause stomach problems, the German researchers said. |
| One 21-year old woman had suffered with diarrhoea and stomach pain for eight months and had undergone a raft of tests before doctors realised her chewing gum habit was to blame. | One 21-year old woman had suffered with diarrhoea and stomach pain for eight months and had undergone a raft of tests before doctors realised her chewing gum habit was to blame. |
| She lost more than one and a half stones (11kg) in that time and was underweight. | She lost more than one and a half stones (11kg) in that time and was underweight. |
| In a second case a man was admitted to hospital after losing three and a half stones (22kg) over a year and suffering diarrhoea. | In a second case a man was admitted to hospital after losing three and a half stones (22kg) over a year and suffering diarrhoea. |
| Excessive amounts | Excessive amounts |
| They were found to consume between 20 and 30g of sorbitol per day. | They were found to consume between 20 and 30g of sorbitol per day. |
| Each stick of chewing gum has around 1.25g of the sweetener. | Each stick of chewing gum has around 1.25g of the sweetener. |
| Dr Juergen Bauditz, from the Department of Gastroenterology at Charite University Hospital in Berlin, said 5-20g of sorbitol would be enough to cause minor stomach problems such as bloating and cramps but more than 20g could cause diarrhoea and, as these cases showed, severe weight loss. | Dr Juergen Bauditz, from the Department of Gastroenterology at Charite University Hospital in Berlin, said 5-20g of sorbitol would be enough to cause minor stomach problems such as bloating and cramps but more than 20g could cause diarrhoea and, as these cases showed, severe weight loss. |
| When he questioned the patients he found they had replaced the gum sticks frequently, accounting for the high doses of sorbitol which were getting into their system. | When he questioned the patients he found they had replaced the gum sticks frequently, accounting for the high doses of sorbitol which were getting into their system. |
| Fruits | Fruits |
| Once the patients cut out sorbitol from their diet, their symptoms disappeared and they put on the weight they had lost. | Once the patients cut out sorbitol from their diet, their symptoms disappeared and they put on the weight they had lost. |
| "As possible side effects are usually found only within the small print on foods containing sorbitol, consumers may be unaware of its laxative effects and fail to recognise a link with their gastrointestinal problems," he said. | "As possible side effects are usually found only within the small print on foods containing sorbitol, consumers may be unaware of its laxative effects and fail to recognise a link with their gastrointestinal problems," he said. |
| "The investigation of unexplained weight loss should include detailed dietary history with regard to foods containing sorbitol." | "The investigation of unexplained weight loss should include detailed dietary history with regard to foods containing sorbitol." |
| A spokesperson for the Wrigley Company which manufactures a range of sugar-free chewing gums said all the ingredients they used were safe and packs carried warnings about a laxative effect with excessive consumption. | A spokesperson for the Wrigley Company which manufactures a range of sugar-free chewing gums said all the ingredients they used were safe and packs carried warnings about a laxative effect with excessive consumption. |
| "Sorbitol occurs naturally in a wide variety of fruits and berries including pears, plums, cherries, dates, apricots, peaches and apples. | "Sorbitol occurs naturally in a wide variety of fruits and berries including pears, plums, cherries, dates, apricots, peaches and apples. |
| "It is well documented in medical literature, with studies going back more than 20 years, that excessive consumption of polyols, such as sorbitol, can have a laxative effect in some individuals." | "It is well documented in medical literature, with studies going back more than 20 years, that excessive consumption of polyols, such as sorbitol, can have a laxative effect in some individuals." |
| "The safety of sorbitol has been thoroughly reviewed by health and regulatory bodies, including the WHO/FAO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives." | "The safety of sorbitol has been thoroughly reviewed by health and regulatory bodies, including the WHO/FAO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives." |
| Jemma Edwards, registered dietitian at Diabetes UK, said some people with diabetes eat large amounts of "diabetic foods" containing sorbitol but they should be avoided as there is no nutritional benefit. | |
| "People with diabetes can eat the same diet as people without diabetes as long as it is a healthy, balanced diet." |