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E.U. Foreign Ministers to Hold Meeting on Iraq E.U. Foreign Ministers to Hold Meeting on Iraq
(about 3 hours later)
LONDON — With Iraq’s interlinked crises unfolding at a rapid pace, foreign ministers of the European Union planned to meet in Brussels on Friday under pressure from some members of the 28-nation bloc to step up arms supplies to the country’s beleaguered Kurdish minority. LONDON — With Iraq’s interlinked crises unfolding at a rapid pace, foreign ministers of the European Union gathered in Brussels on Friday under pressure from some members of the 28-nation bloc to step up arms supplies to the country’s beleaguered Kurdish minority.
The gathering was scheduled a day after Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al-Maliki of Iraq said that he had agreed to relinquish power after days of pressure from the United States and of rumors in Baghdad that a military coup was in the offing. But there was little likelihood of unanimity. “We’re not prepared to take part in deliveries of weapons — that’s not an issue for us,” the Austrian foreign minister, Sebastian Kurz, told reporters as he arrived for the meeting. “As you know, we’re not a big weapons exporter, we’re not a big military power. We can help in other ways such as providing humanitarian aid and we’re doing that.”
Germany, for its part, seemed to strike a cautious note without ruling out supplying military equipment.
“Weapons are already being delivered by other countries,” the German defense minister, Ursula von der Leyen, said in an interview with the mass-circulation newspaper Bild on Friday, as a Germany military transport lifted off for northern Iraq laden with what were described as relief supplies. “We are at present examining what kind of further military equipment we can send,” she said.
“The Kurds are familiar with weapons from the former Soviet Union, for example Kalashnikovs, and also heavy equipment,” she added, “Germany does not have such weapons and also could not deliver it at short notice.”
The talks in Brussels were scheduled a day after Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al-Maliki of Iraq said that he had agreed to relinquish power after days of pressure from the United States and of rumors in Baghdad that a military coup was in the offing.
With Sunni Islamist militants threatening the country’s cohesion, the United States has suggested that Mr. Maliki’s departure might open the way to greater American military support.With Sunni Islamist militants threatening the country’s cohesion, the United States has suggested that Mr. Maliki’s departure might open the way to greater American military support.
In Europe, attention has focused on the plight of members of the Yazidi religious minority marooned on Mount Sinjar, near the Syrian border in northern Iraq, and on support for the Kurdish pesh merga forces confronting advances by the militant Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, or ISIS.In Europe, attention has focused on the plight of members of the Yazidi religious minority marooned on Mount Sinjar, near the Syrian border in northern Iraq, and on support for the Kurdish pesh merga forces confronting advances by the militant Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, or ISIS.
Earlier this week, American forces were reported to be drawing up plans for a full-scale rescue mission for the Yazidis, possibly including the creation of a humanitarian corridor. But the United States military has since said that an assessment of conditions on Mount Sinjar by a small team of Marines and special forces showed that the crisis there was effectively over. Yazidi leaders and emergency relief officials have rejected that assessment.Earlier this week, American forces were reported to be drawing up plans for a full-scale rescue mission for the Yazidis, possibly including the creation of a humanitarian corridor. But the United States military has since said that an assessment of conditions on Mount Sinjar by a small team of Marines and special forces showed that the crisis there was effectively over. Yazidi leaders and emergency relief officials have rejected that assessment.
Potentially deepening its commitment to countering the ISIS advance, Britain was reported on Thursday to be prepared to “favorably consider” any requests for military equipment to Kurdish forces. The move, reported by officials after a meeting of a high-level national security panel, reversed earlier reluctance to send military aid.Potentially deepening its commitment to countering the ISIS advance, Britain was reported on Thursday to be prepared to “favorably consider” any requests for military equipment to Kurdish forces. The move, reported by officials after a meeting of a high-level national security panel, reversed earlier reluctance to send military aid.
The shift came after France broke ranks with other European countries on Wednesday and said it would help arm Kurdish forces. France and Italy are also reported to be pressing for a broader European commitment to supply the Kurds with matériel including body armor, night vision equipment and ammunition.The shift came after France broke ranks with other European countries on Wednesday and said it would help arm Kurdish forces. France and Italy are also reported to be pressing for a broader European commitment to supply the Kurds with matériel including body armor, night vision equipment and ammunition.
“These are crises that are of concern to our European neighborhood, to our security and stability,” the Italian foreign minister, Federica Mogherini, said in Brussels.
Britain had earlier positioned three Tornado warplanes for surveillance missions and a small number of Chinook heavy-lift transport helicopters at a base in Cyprus, within range of the Kurdish region, and has dropped relief supplies to Yazidis fleeing ISIS forces on Mount Sinjar. Britain has also said it would help transport arms supplies from other countries.Britain had earlier positioned three Tornado warplanes for surveillance missions and a small number of Chinook heavy-lift transport helicopters at a base in Cyprus, within range of the Kurdish region, and has dropped relief supplies to Yazidis fleeing ISIS forces on Mount Sinjar. Britain has also said it would help transport arms supplies from other countries.
Britain, like France, has strong historical ties to the region. In 1916, envoys from the two nations drew up a secret deal – the Sykes-Picot Agreement — during World War I, dividing the lands of the Ottoman Empire into spheres of influence, in part as forerunners to the modern nations of Iraq and Syria.Britain, like France, has strong historical ties to the region. In 1916, envoys from the two nations drew up a secret deal – the Sykes-Picot Agreement — during World War I, dividing the lands of the Ottoman Empire into spheres of influence, in part as forerunners to the modern nations of Iraq and Syria.
Video footage said to have been made by ISIS in recent days has shown its fighters tearing down border posts between Syria and Iraq and rejecting the 1916 delineation in favor of a single Islamic caliphate.Video footage said to have been made by ISIS in recent days has shown its fighters tearing down border posts between Syria and Iraq and rejecting the 1916 delineation in favor of a single Islamic caliphate.
The crisis in the Kurdish region of northern Iraq presents a more modern dilemma for European powers. Hundreds of young European Muslims are reported to have joined ISIS forces, and security services in Europe and the United States have expressed concern that some battle-hardened veterans could carry the struggle back to their homelands.The crisis in the Kurdish region of northern Iraq presents a more modern dilemma for European powers. Hundreds of young European Muslims are reported to have joined ISIS forces, and security services in Europe and the United States have expressed concern that some battle-hardened veterans could carry the struggle back to their homelands.
Some Europeans see Iraqi Kurdistan as a potential haven for religious and other minorities displaced by the ISIS advance. Others have been drawn to the notion of the Yazidis as hardy mountain people clinging fiercely to their culture despite years of efforts by host governments to extinguish it.Some Europeans see Iraqi Kurdistan as a potential haven for religious and other minorities displaced by the ISIS advance. Others have been drawn to the notion of the Yazidis as hardy mountain people clinging fiercely to their culture despite years of efforts by host governments to extinguish it.
But Western governments have also been anxious to avoid encouraging Kurdish separatism in a region where Kurdish minorities stretch across national frontiers.But Western governments have also been anxious to avoid encouraging Kurdish separatism in a region where Kurdish minorities stretch across national frontiers.
“Directly arming the Kurds, without going through Baghdad first, boosts the Kurdish separatism that the west has sought to contain, wary of the regional impact of Iraq’s fragmentation and the knock-on effect of an independent Kurdistan on stability in Turkey and Iran, which also have large Kurdish minorities,” Julian Borger, the diplomatic editor of The Guardian, wrote on Thursday.
At the same time, some analysts said, the plight of the Kurdish minority is only one front in the broader battle for survival facing the Shiite-dominated authorities in Baghdad as they confront the Sunni militants who spilled across the border from Syria in June. Some Europeans depict the conflict in Iraq as part of a much broader regional crisis. “It’s about a widening conflict between Sunnis and Shiites,” said Paddy Ashdown, a former leader of the Liberal Democrats in Britain, “and it’s time we joined the dots.”
The Iraq conflict itself is only part of a much broader regional crisis. “It’s about a widening conflict between Sunnis and Shiites,” said Paddy Ashdown, a former leader of the Liberal Democrats in Britain, “and it’s time we joined the dots.”