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The young, skint and self-employed need a radical new labour market | The young, skint and self-employed need a radical new labour market |
(about 5 hours later) | |
To enter the set-design workshop you have to go through the dressmaking workshop, where a man with a ponytail tries to ignore you while he sews. Once in the set-design space – about the size of a living room – you have to avoid the oil paintings kept there by an artist who shares the studio. Welcome to the world of the young, skint and self-employed. | To enter the set-design workshop you have to go through the dressmaking workshop, where a man with a ponytail tries to ignore you while he sews. Once in the set-design space – about the size of a living room – you have to avoid the oil paintings kept there by an artist who shares the studio. Welcome to the world of the young, skint and self-employed. |
The designers, Charlotte Osborn and Samara Tompsett, are at work on a stage set for Latitude festival. How much an hour do they earn? Cue embarrassed laughter. We get a fixed budget, says Charlotte – sometimes they pay themselves a few hundred pounds for a job "but if it's something we want to look really awesome we pay ourselves nothing". | The designers, Charlotte Osborn and Samara Tompsett, are at work on a stage set for Latitude festival. How much an hour do they earn? Cue embarrassed laughter. We get a fixed budget, says Charlotte – sometimes they pay themselves a few hundred pounds for a job "but if it's something we want to look really awesome we pay ourselves nothing". |
Take that workshop and multiply by 250 and you've got Bow Arts: a low-rent industrial space in east London, which provides business premises at around £11 per sq ft – less than half the commercial rate. Up to 400 people work there – probably more than in the 19th century when it was a factory. | Take that workshop and multiply by 250 and you've got Bow Arts: a low-rent industrial space in east London, which provides business premises at around £11 per sq ft – less than half the commercial rate. Up to 400 people work there – probably more than in the 19th century when it was a factory. |
Now multiply that until you get 400,000 – the number of self-employed jobs added to the British workforce in the past year. Add tens of thousands of low-paid regular jobs and you get the headline the government does not want to talk about: a five-year collapse in real wages, especially among the young. | Now multiply that until you get 400,000 – the number of self-employed jobs added to the British workforce in the past year. Add tens of thousands of low-paid regular jobs and you get the headline the government does not want to talk about: a five-year collapse in real wages, especially among the young. |
The Institute for Fiscal Studies calculates that, after inflation, the real hourly pay of workers under the age of 30 has collapsed by 11% since the financial crisis of 2008; their household incomes are down 15% as large numbers live in shared housing, and even shared rooms. | The Institute for Fiscal Studies calculates that, after inflation, the real hourly pay of workers under the age of 30 has collapsed by 11% since the financial crisis of 2008; their household incomes are down 15% as large numbers live in shared housing, and even shared rooms. |
These figures are not hard to summarise: we're creating jobs hand over fist by allowing the young to work for peanuts. Conventional economic models say: "Don't worry, all the slaving, starving and powerlessness you're going through now will end at some point as wages rise." However, conventional models might be wrong. They are based on a world in which there are national labour markets and wage-bargaining power – either because of unions or a shortage of professional skills. But the post-crash British economy is creating the kind of jobs where the labour market is international and bargaining power weak. | |
Plus, you can only understand the labour market if you look beyond it. In the 20th-century economy, a decent job and a permanent home were the most important things: now it's any job, a bedroom on a one-year lease and a credit card. You can't be in the modern, heavily financialised economy unless you have a credit card, a bank account and a mobile. | Plus, you can only understand the labour market if you look beyond it. In the 20th-century economy, a decent job and a permanent home were the most important things: now it's any job, a bedroom on a one-year lease and a credit card. You can't be in the modern, heavily financialised economy unless you have a credit card, a bank account and a mobile. |
The phone can be used to clock on and off cleaning jobs where you never see your manager, or to get a payday loan from an online lender, or pay that lender back at 1,000% interest come payday. | The phone can be used to clock on and off cleaning jobs where you never see your manager, or to get a payday loan from an online lender, or pay that lender back at 1,000% interest come payday. |
The new psychology of unskilled work is that people will accept rock-bottom pay, irregular hours and poor conditions just to remain in the workforce. Or form a co-op like Charlotte and Samara, and pay themselves next to nothing. | The new psychology of unskilled work is that people will accept rock-bottom pay, irregular hours and poor conditions just to remain in the workforce. Or form a co-op like Charlotte and Samara, and pay themselves next to nothing. |
They're both graduates aged 27: how long do they expect to wait until they get a decent, well-paid job? More embarrassed laughter. "I've never had a decent well-paid job," says Samara. Rhiannon Colvin, who runs AltGen, which helped them organise the co-op, tells me that co-ops are becoming popular because young people are sick of competing against each other for unpaid work, and above all sick of jobs where they have zero control. | They're both graduates aged 27: how long do they expect to wait until they get a decent, well-paid job? More embarrassed laughter. "I've never had a decent well-paid job," says Samara. Rhiannon Colvin, who runs AltGen, which helped them organise the co-op, tells me that co-ops are becoming popular because young people are sick of competing against each other for unpaid work, and above all sick of jobs where they have zero control. |
The sociological subtext to all the little fenced-off cubicles inside Bow Arts is: leave me alone to work. Don't ask me to smile, do high fives, hit pointless targets and accept verbal abuse as normal. | The sociological subtext to all the little fenced-off cubicles inside Bow Arts is: leave me alone to work. Don't ask me to smile, do high fives, hit pointless targets and accept verbal abuse as normal. |
Strangely enough, we once had a political party whose entire brand, and even name, was centred around improving the wages and conditions of people who work. Five years ago it was promising people a future of "high-skilled, high-paid" work, backed up with the cheery slogan "British jobs for British workers". Last weekend this party had a conference where numerous policies were agreed. However, the real difficulty lies not with policies but with the structure of the labour market. | Strangely enough, we once had a political party whose entire brand, and even name, was centred around improving the wages and conditions of people who work. Five years ago it was promising people a future of "high-skilled, high-paid" work, backed up with the cheery slogan "British jobs for British workers". Last weekend this party had a conference where numerous policies were agreed. However, the real difficulty lies not with policies but with the structure of the labour market. |
If you wanted to give the East End set designers a route to high-skilled, high-paid work, you would need a different kind of private sector. You would need to restrict the supply of cross-border low-skilled labour, so that on leaving the local branch of B&Q you are not confronted by crowds of men begging for cash-in-hand labour. You would need to expand the supply of low-rent housing, so that young people didn't have to spend more than half their wages on rent. | If you wanted to give the East End set designers a route to high-skilled, high-paid work, you would need a different kind of private sector. You would need to restrict the supply of cross-border low-skilled labour, so that on leaving the local branch of B&Q you are not confronted by crowds of men begging for cash-in-hand labour. You would need to expand the supply of low-rent housing, so that young people didn't have to spend more than half their wages on rent. |
Then you would need to put the polytunnels and the agencies and the rip-off cleaning empires and minicabs out of business by stacking employment law in favour of permanent work. Yes – you would have to forcibly make some current business models impossible, just as they did with On the Waterfront-style dock labour, where you stood in a line to be hired by the half- or quarter-day. | Then you would need to put the polytunnels and the agencies and the rip-off cleaning empires and minicabs out of business by stacking employment law in favour of permanent work. Yes – you would have to forcibly make some current business models impossible, just as they did with On the Waterfront-style dock labour, where you stood in a line to be hired by the half- or quarter-day. |
You would have to stamp out bogus self-employment, stamp out blacklisting, stamp out the practice whereby the "crew" of a fast-food shop can vote out a new worker on the first day because he or she didn't smile hard enough. | You would have to stamp out bogus self-employment, stamp out blacklisting, stamp out the practice whereby the "crew" of a fast-food shop can vote out a new worker on the first day because he or she didn't smile hard enough. |
To do this, you would have to step away from the euphemisms about "hard-working families": you can't have a hard-working family if you are 27, paid nothing and share a room with two other people. You are, simply, a low-paid worker. | To do this, you would have to step away from the euphemisms about "hard-working families": you can't have a hard-working family if you are 27, paid nothing and share a room with two other people. You are, simply, a low-paid worker. |
The moment a party says: "We stand for the low-paid worker against the loan shark, the rip-off landlord and the profiteering boss," young people in places such as Bow Arts might show some glimmer of interest in politics – instead of the utter cynicism and detachment that is routine. | The moment a party says: "We stand for the low-paid worker against the loan shark, the rip-off landlord and the profiteering boss," young people in places such as Bow Arts might show some glimmer of interest in politics – instead of the utter cynicism and detachment that is routine. |
• Paul Mason is economics editor of Channel 4 News. Follow him @paulmasonnews | • Paul Mason is economics editor of Channel 4 News. Follow him @paulmasonnews |
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