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| France Tries to Tempt In More Foreign Investment | |
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| PARIS — President François Hollande of France has begun a major charm offensive to convince the world that France is open for business in a bid to lure back investments, which have slumped since he took office. | PARIS — President François Hollande of France has begun a major charm offensive to convince the world that France is open for business in a bid to lure back investments, which have slumped since he took office. |
| Armed with pledges not to be overly taxing, he gathered nearly 40 chiefs of some of the world’s biggest multinational companies and investment funds on Monday under the gilded eaves of the Élysée Palace and told them that their money was not only welcome — it was sorely needed. | Armed with pledges not to be overly taxing, he gathered nearly 40 chiefs of some of the world’s biggest multinational companies and investment funds on Monday under the gilded eaves of the Élysée Palace and told them that their money was not only welcome — it was sorely needed. |
| Mr. Hollande reiterated his pledge from last month to reduce by 30 billion euros, or $41 billion, the social charges that companies pay on their employees. But he went further on Monday, announcing plans to stabilize corporate tax rules, simplify customs procedures for imports and exports and introduce a tax break for foreign start-ups. | Mr. Hollande reiterated his pledge from last month to reduce by 30 billion euros, or $41 billion, the social charges that companies pay on their employees. But he went further on Monday, announcing plans to stabilize corporate tax rules, simplify customs procedures for imports and exports and introduce a tax break for foreign start-ups. |
| “I know that France is seen as a more complicated country than others,” Mr. Hollande told the leaders of General Electric, Volvo, Nestlé, Mars and others, as well as representatives of BlackRock and the sovereign investment funds of China, Qatar and Kuwait. The message, he added, is that “we aren’t afraid of opening ourselves up to the world.” | “I know that France is seen as a more complicated country than others,” Mr. Hollande told the leaders of General Electric, Volvo, Nestlé, Mars and others, as well as representatives of BlackRock and the sovereign investment funds of China, Qatar and Kuwait. The message, he added, is that “we aren’t afraid of opening ourselves up to the world.” |
| But it remains to be seen whether he can deliver those needed investments while burnishing an image tarnished by everything from high taxes to a labor dispute earlier this year in which employees at a Goodyear tire factory temporarily held their bosses captive. He has spooked investors by hewing to a populist agenda, including a proposal, now watered down, to impose a 75 percent marginal tax on the wealthy, and threats to nationalize companies to protect jobs. | But it remains to be seen whether he can deliver those needed investments while burnishing an image tarnished by everything from high taxes to a labor dispute earlier this year in which employees at a Goodyear tire factory temporarily held their bosses captive. He has spooked investors by hewing to a populist agenda, including a proposal, now watered down, to impose a 75 percent marginal tax on the wealthy, and threats to nationalize companies to protect jobs. |
| Despite his new business-friendly promises, he still faces the hurdle of getting policy changes enacted into law over opposition from his fellow Socialists and other left-leaning politicians, who have successfully cowed him into retreat in the past. He must also persuade investors and multinational companies that France really is determined to change, after years of employers judging France to be an expensive and inflexible place to do business. | Despite his new business-friendly promises, he still faces the hurdle of getting policy changes enacted into law over opposition from his fellow Socialists and other left-leaning politicians, who have successfully cowed him into retreat in the past. He must also persuade investors and multinational companies that France really is determined to change, after years of employers judging France to be an expensive and inflexible place to do business. |
| France “has everything it needs to succeed,” said Ernst Lemberger, an Austrian industrial investor who participated in the Monday meeting. “But still it’s been behind neighboring countries in taking the necessary economic reforms.” | France “has everything it needs to succeed,” said Ernst Lemberger, an Austrian industrial investor who participated in the Monday meeting. “But still it’s been behind neighboring countries in taking the necessary economic reforms.” |
| The stakes have never been higher for Mr. Hollande, whose popularity ratings continue to slump after a brief French-style bump in January on media reports that he was having a secret affair with an actress. On Sunday, a poll released by IFOP and the French newspaper Journal du Dimanche showed that 79 percent of people polled disapproved of his performance. | The stakes have never been higher for Mr. Hollande, whose popularity ratings continue to slump after a brief French-style bump in January on media reports that he was having a secret affair with an actress. On Sunday, a poll released by IFOP and the French newspaper Journal du Dimanche showed that 79 percent of people polled disapproved of his performance. |
| Unlike in Italy, where Prime Minister Enrico Letta was forced to resign last week after the leader of his Democratic Party, Matteo Renzi, accused Mr. Letta of failing to take action to improve the economy, Mr. Hollande is not yet in political danger. | Unlike in Italy, where Prime Minister Enrico Letta was forced to resign last week after the leader of his Democratic Party, Matteo Renzi, accused Mr. Letta of failing to take action to improve the economy, Mr. Hollande is not yet in political danger. |
| But after two years of rising unemployment and a languishing economy that has twice flirted with recession, the French president last month did a striking about-face with business, shifting his agenda and announcing a so-called responsibility pact to cut government spending and deliver a €30 billion reduction in the social taxes that support family benefits like day care. | But after two years of rising unemployment and a languishing economy that has twice flirted with recession, the French president last month did a striking about-face with business, shifting his agenda and announcing a so-called responsibility pact to cut government spending and deliver a €30 billion reduction in the social taxes that support family benefits like day care. |
| On Monday, he said he also wanted to include €25,000 grants for foreign start-ups, access to low-cost financing for subsidiaries of foreign companies setting up in France and a “talent visa” providing a hassle-free work permit that would be valid for four years. | On Monday, he said he also wanted to include €25,000 grants for foreign start-ups, access to low-cost financing for subsidiaries of foreign companies setting up in France and a “talent visa” providing a hassle-free work permit that would be valid for four years. |
| He also pledged that the French tax code, which can change frequently, would remain stable, and that corporate and social taxes would not rise above their current levels. | He also pledged that the French tax code, which can change frequently, would remain stable, and that corporate and social taxes would not rise above their current levels. |
| Yet even as he talked to business leaders, the French Parliament began considering a law that would steeply fine companies trying to close operations the government deems economically viable. | Yet even as he talked to business leaders, the French Parliament began considering a law that would steeply fine companies trying to close operations the government deems economically viable. |
| Mr. Hollande said he wanted more of the huge amounts of capital being invested in emerging markets to flow France’s way. Last year, France drew only about 10 percent of all global foreign capital investment, he said. “That’s far too little.” | Mr. Hollande said he wanted more of the huge amounts of capital being invested in emerging markets to flow France’s way. Last year, France drew only about 10 percent of all global foreign capital investment, he said. “That’s far too little.” |
| But turning the tide may be a herculean task. In January, the United Nations conference on trade and development reported that foreign direct investment in France plunged 77 percent in 2012, the latest year for which figures are available, to $5.7 billion from $25.1 billion, the sharpest decline of any Group of 20 nation. | But turning the tide may be a herculean task. In January, the United Nations conference on trade and development reported that foreign direct investment in France plunged 77 percent in 2012, the latest year for which figures are available, to $5.7 billion from $25.1 billion, the sharpest decline of any Group of 20 nation. |
| Other alarm bells have also rung. A study for the American Chamber of Commerce in France by the consulting group Bain last October showed that fewer than 13 percent of American companies viewed France as an attractive place to do business, down sharply from 56 percent in 2011. | Other alarm bells have also rung. A study for the American Chamber of Commerce in France by the consulting group Bain last October showed that fewer than 13 percent of American companies viewed France as an attractive place to do business, down sharply from 56 percent in 2011. |
| In December, the heads of 50 French affiliates of foreign companies wrote an open letter to Mr. Hollande warning that it had become increasingly difficult to persuade their parent companies to invest more in the country. | In December, the heads of 50 French affiliates of foreign companies wrote an open letter to Mr. Hollande warning that it had become increasingly difficult to persuade their parent companies to invest more in the country. |
| “There is a threat hanging over France’s ability to attract foreign investment,” wrote officials from Microsoft, American Express, Xerox, Siemens, Unilever and others, which jointly employ about 150,000 workers in France. They cited the “penalizing” complexity and instability of the legislative and regulatory environment; a lack of flexibility in labor laws; high employer costs; and an overall “cultural mistrust” of the market economy. | “There is a threat hanging over France’s ability to attract foreign investment,” wrote officials from Microsoft, American Express, Xerox, Siemens, Unilever and others, which jointly employ about 150,000 workers in France. They cited the “penalizing” complexity and instability of the legislative and regulatory environment; a lack of flexibility in labor laws; high employer costs; and an overall “cultural mistrust” of the market economy. |
| “We have to give them confidence. We know the battle is hard,” Nicole Bricq, the foreign trade minister, said Sunday. | “We have to give them confidence. We know the battle is hard,” Nicole Bricq, the foreign trade minister, said Sunday. |
| Added Pierre Moscovici, the economy minister: “We must convince them that France is a country where they can invest — where they must invest.” | Added Pierre Moscovici, the economy minister: “We must convince them that France is a country where they can invest — where they must invest.” |
| Even Mr. Hollande’s “industrial renewal” minister, Arnaud Montebourg, has been singing from the same hymn sheet. In 2012, Mr. Montebourg created a furor by threatening to nationalize an ailing steel plant run by Arcelor Mittal. Last year, he bragged about preventing Yahoo from taking a majority stake in a successful French company, Dailymotion. | Even Mr. Hollande’s “industrial renewal” minister, Arnaud Montebourg, has been singing from the same hymn sheet. In 2012, Mr. Montebourg created a furor by threatening to nationalize an ailing steel plant run by Arcelor Mittal. Last year, he bragged about preventing Yahoo from taking a majority stake in a successful French company, Dailymotion. |
| On Monday, as the 37 business chiefs sat with Mr. Hollande, Mr. Montebourg spoke in more conciliatory language in a Twitter post: “Showing big international companies 34 plans designed to create a new industrial France,” he wrote. | On Monday, as the 37 business chiefs sat with Mr. Hollande, Mr. Montebourg spoke in more conciliatory language in a Twitter post: “Showing big international companies 34 plans designed to create a new industrial France,” he wrote. |
| A week earlier, it was Mr. Hollande who offered a gesture of reconciliation to French entrepreneurs, thousands of whom have left France for Silicon Valley, London, Hong Kong and other dynamic destinations. | A week earlier, it was Mr. Hollande who offered a gesture of reconciliation to French entrepreneurs, thousands of whom have left France for Silicon Valley, London, Hong Kong and other dynamic destinations. |
| After spending time in Washington, Mr. Hollande visited Silicon Valley. While there, he gave an American-style bear hug to the entrepreneur Carlos Diaz, who founded a group called “les Pigeons,” or the suckers, in 2012 to protest what they called Mr. Hollande’s “business-crushing” tax policies, including now-shelved proposals to double the capital gains tax for people selling their companies. | After spending time in Washington, Mr. Hollande visited Silicon Valley. While there, he gave an American-style bear hug to the entrepreneur Carlos Diaz, who founded a group called “les Pigeons,” or the suckers, in 2012 to protest what they called Mr. Hollande’s “business-crushing” tax policies, including now-shelved proposals to double the capital gains tax for people selling their companies. |
| High taxes have generally been the sorest point for businesses. Ian Cheshire, the group chief executive of Kingfisher, a British do-it-yourself retail conglomerate, said on Monday that he would be ready to open 50 stores in France within five years, creating thousands of jobs, if he could be assured the tax regime would remain stable. | High taxes have generally been the sorest point for businesses. Ian Cheshire, the group chief executive of Kingfisher, a British do-it-yourself retail conglomerate, said on Monday that he would be ready to open 50 stores in France within five years, creating thousands of jobs, if he could be assured the tax regime would remain stable. |
| “There is a great fear about taxes,” he said before the gathering. Last year, Kingfisher paid €216 million in payroll tax on about 11,500 French workers. “That’s almost twice the amount we paid in Britain for the same number of employees,” he said. | “There is a great fear about taxes,” he said before the gathering. Last year, Kingfisher paid €216 million in payroll tax on about 11,500 French workers. “That’s almost twice the amount we paid in Britain for the same number of employees,” he said. |
| Mr. Hollande sought to assuage those fears. “A business, whether French or foreign, that wants to invest will have a commitment from the administration that the tax rules will remain the same, and that will be a guarantee,” he said. | Mr. Hollande sought to assuage those fears. “A business, whether French or foreign, that wants to invest will have a commitment from the administration that the tax rules will remain the same, and that will be a guarantee,” he said. |
| “Growth will return if the confidence is there,” Mr. Hollande added. | “Growth will return if the confidence is there,” Mr. Hollande added. |