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| France Supports U.S. Call for Action Against Syria | France Supports U.S. Call for Action Against Syria |
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| PARIS — President François Hollande of France on Friday offered strong support for international military action against the Syrian government over evidence of chemical munitions use in the Syrian civil war, backing the Obama administration just a day after the British Parliament rejected Prime Minister David Cameron’s call for intervention. | |
| A chemical attack in the suburbs of Damascus, the Syrian capital, on Aug. 21 attributed by Western powers to Syrian government forces “must not go unpunished,” Mr. Hollande said in an interview with Le Monde, the French daily newspaper. “Otherwise, it would be taking the risk of an escalation that would normalize the use of these weapons and threaten other countries.” | A chemical attack in the suburbs of Damascus, the Syrian capital, on Aug. 21 attributed by Western powers to Syrian government forces “must not go unpunished,” Mr. Hollande said in an interview with Le Monde, the French daily newspaper. “Otherwise, it would be taking the risk of an escalation that would normalize the use of these weapons and threaten other countries.” |
| A military strike against government targets would have a “dissuasion value” and push the government of President Bashar al-Assad toward a negotiated “political solution” to the conflict, Mr. Hollande said, referring to France’s explicitly stated goal. | |
| France has been outspoken in saying the government of Mr. Assad must be punished for the attack, in which hundreds of people were killed, despite his denials of responsibility. Syria, backed by allies Iran and Russia, has said that if chemical munitions were deployed, the insurgents trying to topple Mr. Assad must have used them. | |
| Although Mr. Hollande has presented no specific evidence linking the Syrian government to the attacks, he has spoken confidently of its culpability. Parliamentary approval is not required for French military action, and Mr. Hollande has said his government is “prepared to punish” those responsible. | Although Mr. Hollande has presented no specific evidence linking the Syrian government to the attacks, he has spoken confidently of its culpability. Parliamentary approval is not required for French military action, and Mr. Hollande has said his government is “prepared to punish” those responsible. |
| “France possesses a body of evidence that goes in the sense of the regime’s responsibility” for the chemical attacks near Damascus, Mr. Hollande said. The use of chemical weapons there is an “established fact,” he said, and “it is known that the opposition possesses none of these weapons.” | “France possesses a body of evidence that goes in the sense of the regime’s responsibility” for the chemical attacks near Damascus, Mr. Hollande said. The use of chemical weapons there is an “established fact,” he said, and “it is known that the opposition possesses none of these weapons.” |
| The government of Turkey, an outspoken opponent of Mr. Assad, added its voice on Friday to those who have concluded Mr. Assad’s forces used the weapons and who assert they have proof. Ahmet Davutoglu, Turkey’s foreign minister, said in a televised statement that Turkish intelligence sources had what he called “healthy information” that had implicated the Syrian government. | The government of Turkey, an outspoken opponent of Mr. Assad, added its voice on Friday to those who have concluded Mr. Assad’s forces used the weapons and who assert they have proof. Ahmet Davutoglu, Turkey’s foreign minister, said in a televised statement that Turkish intelligence sources had what he called “healthy information” that had implicated the Syrian government. |
| “The regime responsibility is undeniable when launching vehicles, angles between launching locations and targeted regions, traces are considered,” Mr. Davutoglu said, without further elaborating on the precise origins of such information. | “The regime responsibility is undeniable when launching vehicles, angles between launching locations and targeted regions, traces are considered,” Mr. Davutoglu said, without further elaborating on the precise origins of such information. |
| By contrast Iranian officials, who frequently remind the world they were targeted with Iraqi chemical weapons during the Iran-Iraq war of the 1980s, said Mr. Assad’s government had assured them it had never used such munitions. | By contrast Iranian officials, who frequently remind the world they were targeted with Iraqi chemical weapons during the Iran-Iraq war of the 1980s, said Mr. Assad’s government had assured them it had never used such munitions. |
| “Iran, as a main victim of use of chemical weapons, is against any kind of usage of this inhuman warfare,” Iran’s ambassador to the United Nations, Mohammad Khazaee, said in an e-mailed statement to The New York Times. He urged other countries to let the United Nations inspectors in Syria complete their work, and he indirectly criticized the United States and France for moving missile-armed warships closer to the Syrian coast. | |
| “We are against any foreign military intervention, which will damage the efforts aimed at finding a political solution for the conflict in Syria,” Mr. Khazaee said. “We believe that missiles have never been peace messengers in the Middle East and the rest of the world.” | “We are against any foreign military intervention, which will damage the efforts aimed at finding a political solution for the conflict in Syria,” Mr. Khazaee said. “We believe that missiles have never been peace messengers in the Middle East and the rest of the world.” |
| France’s determination contrasted sharply with the go-slowly approach of Germany. “We are pressing for the United Nations Security Council to reach a common position and for the U.N. inspectors to conclude their work as soon as possible,” said the German foreign minister, Guido Westerwelle, in comments reported by a regional newspaper, The Neue Osnabrücker Zeitung. Referring to German participation in a military strike, he said, “Such participation was not requested of us, and neither are we contemplating it.” | |
| Chancellor Angela Merkel’s government and the opposition have been cautious on Syria, anxious in a war-averse country not to have a military conflict become part of the campaign for elections on Sept. 22. Ms. Merkel’s main rivals, the Social Democrats, have urged President Obama to delay any military action at least until after he meets fellow world leaders at Group of 20 summit meeting in St. Petersburg, Russia, late next week. Ms. Merkel, while condemning the chemical weapons attack in strong terms, has avoided any comment on suggestions from the Social Democrats that she mediate between the Russians and Americans on Syria. | |
| In a telephone call Thursday with Mr. Hollande, Ms. Merkel said that while Germany declined to take part in a military action, she believed that the chemical weapons attack should not go unpunished. | In a telephone call Thursday with Mr. Hollande, Ms. Merkel said that while Germany declined to take part in a military action, she believed that the chemical weapons attack should not go unpunished. |
| Mr. Hollande’s interview appeared just a day after Mr. Cameron was handed a stinging rebuke in the House of Commons, where Parliament rejected British military participation in any strike on the Syrian government. | Mr. Hollande’s interview appeared just a day after Mr. Cameron was handed a stinging rebuke in the House of Commons, where Parliament rejected British military participation in any strike on the Syrian government. |
| British legislators rejected a motion urging an international response to the chemical weapons attack by a vote of 285 to 272, reflecting concerns that there was insufficient evidence that the attack had been carried out by forces loyal to Mr. Assad. Lawmakers were also worried about the strategy behind the call for limited strikes, which they feared could escalate the conflict and strengthen opposition forces aligned with Al Qaeda. | British legislators rejected a motion urging an international response to the chemical weapons attack by a vote of 285 to 272, reflecting concerns that there was insufficient evidence that the attack had been carried out by forces loyal to Mr. Assad. Lawmakers were also worried about the strategy behind the call for limited strikes, which they feared could escalate the conflict and strengthen opposition forces aligned with Al Qaeda. |
| The Obama administration is nonetheless moving ahead, despite doubts in Congress and among the American public. Pentagon officials said Thursday that the Navy had moved five destroyers, each equipped with Tomahawk cruise missiles, into the eastern Mediterranean Sea to prepare for a possible strike. | The Obama administration is nonetheless moving ahead, despite doubts in Congress and among the American public. Pentagon officials said Thursday that the Navy had moved five destroyers, each equipped with Tomahawk cruise missiles, into the eastern Mediterranean Sea to prepare for a possible strike. |
| The United States will continue trying to build an international coalition, Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel said Friday in Manila, the Philippine capital. | The United States will continue trying to build an international coalition, Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel said Friday in Manila, the Philippine capital. |
| “Our approach is to continue to find an international coalition that will act together,” Mr. Hagel said. “And I think you’re seeing a number of countries state, publicly state, their position on the use of chemical weapons.” | “Our approach is to continue to find an international coalition that will act together,” Mr. Hagel said. “And I think you’re seeing a number of countries state, publicly state, their position on the use of chemical weapons.” |
| The British government’s decision to forgo military action in Syria will not alter France’s intention to intervene, Mr. Hollande said in the interview. | The British government’s decision to forgo military action in Syria will not alter France’s intention to intervene, Mr. Hollande said in the interview. |
| “Each country is sovereign to participate or not in an operation,” he said. | “Each country is sovereign to participate or not in an operation,” he said. |
| Mr. Cameron addressed the parliamentary defeat on Friday, telling journalists in London: “We will continue to take a case to the United Nations. We will continue to work in all the organizations we are members of — whether the E.U., or NATO, or the G-8 or the G-20 — to condemn what’s happened in Syria. | Mr. Cameron addressed the parliamentary defeat on Friday, telling journalists in London: “We will continue to take a case to the United Nations. We will continue to work in all the organizations we are members of — whether the E.U., or NATO, or the G-8 or the G-20 — to condemn what’s happened in Syria. |
| “It’s important we uphold the international taboo on the use of chemical weapons,” he continued. “But one thing that was proposed, the potential — only after another vote — involvement of the British military in any action, that won’t be happening.” | “It’s important we uphold the international taboo on the use of chemical weapons,” he continued. “But one thing that was proposed, the potential — only after another vote — involvement of the British military in any action, that won’t be happening.” |
| Mr. Obama has no hope of obtaining a mandate for a military strike in the United Nations Security Council. Russia, Syria’s longtime backer, has long opposed military intervention of any sort, and China, which has urged that no decision be made until the results of an investigation by United Nations inspectors are revealed, has continued to push for more diplomacy. | Mr. Obama has no hope of obtaining a mandate for a military strike in the United Nations Security Council. Russia, Syria’s longtime backer, has long opposed military intervention of any sort, and China, which has urged that no decision be made until the results of an investigation by United Nations inspectors are revealed, has continued to push for more diplomacy. |
| On Friday, Yuri V. Ushakov, he top foreign policy aide to President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia, said Russia was “actively working to avoid a forceful intervention in Syria,” the Interfax news service reported. | On Friday, Yuri V. Ushakov, he top foreign policy aide to President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia, said Russia was “actively working to avoid a forceful intervention in Syria,” the Interfax news service reported. |
| “We would not like the situation to approach one when one government, or group of governments themselves, issue accusations, judge them and carry out their own personal sentence,” he said. | |
| Mr. Ushakov said the United States had not shared intelligence showing that Mr. Assad was behind last week’s chemical weapons attack, and “we do not believe it.” | Mr. Ushakov said the United States had not shared intelligence showing that Mr. Assad was behind last week’s chemical weapons attack, and “we do not believe it.” |
| Aleksei K. Pushkov, chairman of the Russian Parliament’s foreign affairs committee, described the British Parliament’s rejection of military action as evidence of a “deepening schism” in the West. | Aleksei K. Pushkov, chairman of the Russian Parliament’s foreign affairs committee, described the British Parliament’s rejection of military action as evidence of a “deepening schism” in the West. |
| “The refusal of Great Britain to support aggression against Syria is the strongest strike against the positions of the supporters of war, both for NATO and for the U.S.A.,” Mr. Pushkov said in a Twitter post. “The schism is getting deeper.” | “The refusal of Great Britain to support aggression against Syria is the strongest strike against the positions of the supporters of war, both for NATO and for the U.S.A.,” Mr. Pushkov said in a Twitter post. “The schism is getting deeper.” |
| Mr. Pushkov wrote earlier that Mr. Obama wanted to strike Syria “this week, before his departure for the G-20.” | Mr. Pushkov wrote earlier that Mr. Obama wanted to strike Syria “this week, before his departure for the G-20.” |
| George Osborne, chancellor of the Exchequer and a senior politician in Mr. Cameron’s Conservative Party, told the BBC on Friday that Parliament’s rejection of military action would bring “a national soul-searching about our role in the world and whether Britain wants to play a big part in upholding the international system.” | George Osborne, chancellor of the Exchequer and a senior politician in Mr. Cameron’s Conservative Party, told the BBC on Friday that Parliament’s rejection of military action would bring “a national soul-searching about our role in the world and whether Britain wants to play a big part in upholding the international system.” |
| He was optimistic, however, that Britain’s “special relationship” with the United States would survive. “There’s a bit of hyperbole on this in the last 24 hours,” he said. “The relationship with the United States is a very old one, very deep and operates on many layers.” | He was optimistic, however, that Britain’s “special relationship” with the United States would survive. “There’s a bit of hyperbole on this in the last 24 hours,” he said. “The relationship with the United States is a very old one, very deep and operates on many layers.” |
| Mr. Cameron’s government and the Obama administration have said there is little doubt that chemical weapons were used by government forces. The Syrian government has denied responsibility for the attack. | Mr. Cameron’s government and the Obama administration have said there is little doubt that chemical weapons were used by government forces. The Syrian government has denied responsibility for the attack. |
| Anxiety is high in Damascus amid fears that a strike could come at any time in the next few days. The United Nations chemical weapons inspection team that has been on the ground in Syria this week is expected to carry out a final day of tests on Friday. The team is scheduled to depart Saturday morning and to brief Ban Ki-moon, the United Nations secretary general, soon after. | Anxiety is high in Damascus amid fears that a strike could come at any time in the next few days. The United Nations chemical weapons inspection team that has been on the ground in Syria this week is expected to carry out a final day of tests on Friday. The team is scheduled to depart Saturday morning and to brief Ban Ki-moon, the United Nations secretary general, soon after. |
| The British Foreign Office on Friday warned its citizens against “all but essential travel” to Lebanon, particularly areas close to the border with Syria, citing “the recent upsurge in violence and wider regional tensions.” | The British Foreign Office on Friday warned its citizens against “all but essential travel” to Lebanon, particularly areas close to the border with Syria, citing “the recent upsurge in violence and wider regional tensions.” |
Reporting was contributed by Alan Cowell from London, Andrew Roth from Moscow, Alison Smale and Victor Homola from Berlin, Sebnem Arsu from Istanbul, and Rick Gladstone from New York. | Reporting was contributed by Alan Cowell from London, Andrew Roth from Moscow, Alison Smale and Victor Homola from Berlin, Sebnem Arsu from Istanbul, and Rick Gladstone from New York. |