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| Russian Court Convicts Opposition Leader | Russian Court Convicts Opposition Leader |
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| KIROV, Russia — Aleksei A. Navalny, a lawyer who became Russia’s most resonant opposition voice by crusading against rampant public corruption, was found guilty on Thursday of stealing money from a state-controlled timber company. | KIROV, Russia — Aleksei A. Navalny, a lawyer who became Russia’s most resonant opposition voice by crusading against rampant public corruption, was found guilty on Thursday of stealing money from a state-controlled timber company. |
| He was sentenced to five years in prison — a punishment that turned Mr. Navalny, 37, who recently declared his candidacy for mayor of Moscow, from an opposition activist to a political dissident and prisoner. Mr. Navalny used the Internet and social media as his main weapon against the state and became a personal irritant to President Vladimir V. Putin by branding his United Russia political machine as the “party of swindlers and thieves.” | He was sentenced to five years in prison — a punishment that turned Mr. Navalny, 37, who recently declared his candidacy for mayor of Moscow, from an opposition activist to a political dissident and prisoner. Mr. Navalny used the Internet and social media as his main weapon against the state and became a personal irritant to President Vladimir V. Putin by branding his United Russia political machine as the “party of swindlers and thieves.” |
| Mr. Navalny’s co-defendant, Pyotr Ofitserov, a businessman and acquaintance who worked with him on the timber project, was sentenced to four years in prison. The two men, who had been accused of embezzling nearly $500,000, were also each fined more than $15,000. | Mr. Navalny’s co-defendant, Pyotr Ofitserov, a businessman and acquaintance who worked with him on the timber project, was sentenced to four years in prison. The two men, who had been accused of embezzling nearly $500,000, were also each fined more than $15,000. |
| Many of the judge’s findings were based on the testimony of a third man accused in the scheme, Vyacheslav Opalev, who pleaded guilty and worked with the prosecution. In his decision, Judge Sergei Blinov called Mr. Opalev's testimony trustworthy and reliable. But during the trial, he at times gave contradictory evidence, and defense lawyers were not allowed to cross-examine him. In addition, Judge Blinov barred the defense from calling 13 witnesses. | Many of the judge’s findings were based on the testimony of a third man accused in the scheme, Vyacheslav Opalev, who pleaded guilty and worked with the prosecution. In his decision, Judge Sergei Blinov called Mr. Opalev's testimony trustworthy and reliable. But during the trial, he at times gave contradictory evidence, and defense lawyers were not allowed to cross-examine him. In addition, Judge Blinov barred the defense from calling 13 witnesses. |
| The verdict quickly reverberated throughout the highest levels of Russian government and society and even prompted some calls for boycotts of the Moscow mayoral election and future national votes. Aleksei L. Kudrin, a close associate of Mr. Putin and former finance minister, described it on Twitter as “looking less like a punishment than an attempt to isolate him from social life and the electoral process.” | The verdict quickly reverberated throughout the highest levels of Russian government and society and even prompted some calls for boycotts of the Moscow mayoral election and future national votes. Aleksei L. Kudrin, a close associate of Mr. Putin and former finance minister, described it on Twitter as “looking less like a punishment than an attempt to isolate him from social life and the electoral process.” |
| Mikhail S. Gorbachev, the final president of the Soviet Union, said in a statement posted on his foundation’s Web site that the case was “proof that we do not have independent courts” and that “using the courts against political opponents is unacceptable.” | |
| The crime novelist Boris Akunin, who is also a political opposition leader, said the verdict showed there was little hope to change Russia by democratic means. “Lifetime deprivation of elections — this is what the verdict means not only for Navalny but for all who thought it was possible to change this system through elections,” Mr. Akunin wrote. “As long as the Putin regime is alive, there will not be elections. The answer to the question ‘to be, or not to be’ that is to boycott or not boycott, has been answered. For other elections as well.” | The crime novelist Boris Akunin, who is also a political opposition leader, said the verdict showed there was little hope to change Russia by democratic means. “Lifetime deprivation of elections — this is what the verdict means not only for Navalny but for all who thought it was possible to change this system through elections,” Mr. Akunin wrote. “As long as the Putin regime is alive, there will not be elections. The answer to the question ‘to be, or not to be’ that is to boycott or not boycott, has been answered. For other elections as well.” |
| Sergei Parkhomenko, a prominent Moscow radio host, said he had been skeptical that Mr. Navalny would be sent to jail because his imprisonment would undermine Russia’s electoral process. | Sergei Parkhomenko, a prominent Moscow radio host, said he had been skeptical that Mr. Navalny would be sent to jail because his imprisonment would undermine Russia’s electoral process. |
| “That’s in the past, it’s finished,” Mr. Parkhomenko wrote on Facebook. “There will be no more elections without Navalny. There will not be a legitimate mayor of Moscow without Navalny. There will not be a legitimate mayor without Navalny among the live, real competitors.” | “That’s in the past, it’s finished,” Mr. Parkhomenko wrote on Facebook. “There will be no more elections without Navalny. There will not be a legitimate mayor of Moscow without Navalny. There will not be a legitimate mayor without Navalny among the live, real competitors.” |
| Mr. Navalny spent much of the court session defiantly posting commentary on Twitter, including a pointed assertion that all of the evidence against him had been fabricated. He ignored an order from the judge to shut off cellphones. As Judge Blinov pronounced the sentence, after more than three hours of reciting the facts of the case and reading his decision, Mr. Navalny was still using his phone. | Mr. Navalny spent much of the court session defiantly posting commentary on Twitter, including a pointed assertion that all of the evidence against him had been fabricated. He ignored an order from the judge to shut off cellphones. As Judge Blinov pronounced the sentence, after more than three hours of reciting the facts of the case and reading his decision, Mr. Navalny was still using his phone. |
| Mr. Navalny posted on Twitter: “Ok. Don’t miss me. And most importantly — do not be lazy.” Referring to the Russian government, he added, “The toad will not remove itself from the oil pipeline.” | Mr. Navalny posted on Twitter: “Ok. Don’t miss me. And most importantly — do not be lazy.” Referring to the Russian government, he added, “The toad will not remove itself from the oil pipeline.” |
| As the five-year sentence was delivered, and the judge said that it could not be suspended but required actual jail time, some of Mr. Navalny’s supporters burst into tears. He was led away in handcuffs. | As the five-year sentence was delivered, and the judge said that it could not be suspended but required actual jail time, some of Mr. Navalny’s supporters burst into tears. He was led away in handcuffs. |
| After the sentencing, Mr. Navalny's longtime press secretary, Anna Veduta, sat on a bench in the courthouse with tears steaming down her face. His wife, Yulia, sat beside her, dry-eyed and stone-faced but slightly pale. They remained there for about 10 minutes before leaving through a back exit. | After the sentencing, Mr. Navalny's longtime press secretary, Anna Veduta, sat on a bench in the courthouse with tears steaming down her face. His wife, Yulia, sat beside her, dry-eyed and stone-faced but slightly pale. They remained there for about 10 minutes before leaving through a back exit. |
| Outside the court, Ms. Navalny said her husband’s work would not be halted and that he had been warned of a serious sentence by Sergei M. Guriev, a prominent Russian economist and supporter of Mr. Navalny who recently fled to France fearing for his own freedom. | Outside the court, Ms. Navalny said her husband’s work would not be halted and that he had been warned of a serious sentence by Sergei M. Guriev, a prominent Russian economist and supporter of Mr. Navalny who recently fled to France fearing for his own freedom. |
| “Aleksei was as ready for this as one can be,” Ms. Navalny said. “If anyone believes that Aleksei’s investigations will cease, that is not the case. The Fund for the Fight Against Corruption will continue working as before.” | “Aleksei was as ready for this as one can be,” Ms. Navalny said. “If anyone believes that Aleksei’s investigations will cease, that is not the case. The Fund for the Fight Against Corruption will continue working as before.” |
| However expected the jail term might have been, the personal cost is steep. The Navalnys have two young children and at times during her remarks, Ms. Navalny choked back tears. | However expected the jail term might have been, the personal cost is steep. The Navalnys have two young children and at times during her remarks, Ms. Navalny choked back tears. |
| In Moscow, even before the sentence was announced, supporters and the police began to gather at Manezh Square near the Kremlin where backers of Mr. Navalny had planned to hold an unsanctioned rally. More than 7,000 people had responded to an announcement of the event on Facebook to say that they would attend. | In Moscow, even before the sentence was announced, supporters and the police began to gather at Manezh Square near the Kremlin where backers of Mr. Navalny had planned to hold an unsanctioned rally. More than 7,000 people had responded to an announcement of the event on Facebook to say that they would attend. |
| Before being led out of the courtroom by guards, Mr. Navalny turned and hugged his wife and shook hands with some supporters. | Before being led out of the courtroom by guards, Mr. Navalny turned and hugged his wife and shook hands with some supporters. |
| The guilty verdict was widely expected, and prosecutors had demanded a six-year prison term. Unless it is reversed on appeal, which seemed unlikely, the verdict stood to disqualify Mr. Navalny from the Moscow mayoral election, which will be held in September. The incumbent, Sergei S. Sobyanin, is widely favored to win. | The guilty verdict was widely expected, and prosecutors had demanded a six-year prison term. Unless it is reversed on appeal, which seemed unlikely, the verdict stood to disqualify Mr. Navalny from the Moscow mayoral election, which will be held in September. The incumbent, Sergei S. Sobyanin, is widely favored to win. |
| At the headquarters of Mr. Navalny’s mayoral campaign in Moscow, several dozen volunteers who had signed up in June after seeing posts on social networking sites, glumly watched a live webcast from the court. | At the headquarters of Mr. Navalny’s mayoral campaign in Moscow, several dozen volunteers who had signed up in June after seeing posts on social networking sites, glumly watched a live webcast from the court. |
| “Everybody is in shock,” Roman Rubanov, a deputy campaign manager said, after watching Mr. Navalny hug his wife and be led away by bailiffs. “Everybody was expecting the worst, of course. But it is one thing to know it will happen and another to see how it actually happens.” | “Everybody is in shock,” Roman Rubanov, a deputy campaign manager said, after watching Mr. Navalny hug his wife and be led away by bailiffs. “Everybody was expecting the worst, of course. But it is one thing to know it will happen and another to see how it actually happens.” |
| Mr. Rubanov added, “Everybody is amazed, bewildered and disappointed and women have tears in their eyes.” | Mr. Rubanov added, “Everybody is amazed, bewildered and disappointed and women have tears in their eyes.” |
| Red balloons printed with the word “Navalny” festooned the headquarters. A poster hung on the wall proclaiming his campaign slogan, “Change Russia, start with Moscow” — a reference to Mr. Navalny’s previously stated ambition of running for president one day. Stacks of fliers sat on a bench. | Red balloons printed with the word “Navalny” festooned the headquarters. A poster hung on the wall proclaiming his campaign slogan, “Change Russia, start with Moscow” — a reference to Mr. Navalny’s previously stated ambition of running for president one day. Stacks of fliers sat on a bench. |
| Mr. Navalny was officially registered for the mayoral race on Wednesday afternoon, less than 24 hours before his conviction. A convicted criminal cannot run for public office in Russia, but officials were still sorting through the technicalities. Some said Mr. Navalny would not be disqualified until after an initial appeal, which could take up to several months. Leonid Volkov, his campaign manager, said the campaign had not yet decided whether it would continue after Thursday’s verdict. | Mr. Navalny was officially registered for the mayoral race on Wednesday afternoon, less than 24 hours before his conviction. A convicted criminal cannot run for public office in Russia, but officials were still sorting through the technicalities. Some said Mr. Navalny would not be disqualified until after an initial appeal, which could take up to several months. Leonid Volkov, his campaign manager, said the campaign had not yet decided whether it would continue after Thursday’s verdict. |
| Supporters at the headquarters said the verdict was purely political. | Supporters at the headquarters said the verdict was purely political. |
| “I’ve been following his activities for a long time and when I saw on Facebook that he was looking for help, I volunteered,” Dmitri Slukin, a 29-year-old telecommunications industry manager who was at the headquarters Thursday, said. The judge convicted his candidate, Mr. Slukin said, because “the people in power are afraid of what Aleksei does.” | “I’ve been following his activities for a long time and when I saw on Facebook that he was looking for help, I volunteered,” Dmitri Slukin, a 29-year-old telecommunications industry manager who was at the headquarters Thursday, said. The judge convicted his candidate, Mr. Slukin said, because “the people in power are afraid of what Aleksei does.” |
| Galina A. Koposova, a 20-year-old engineering student who volunteered to help over the summer, said “it is obvious this case is political. Navalny bothers Putin. He is a man who can really compete with Putin.” | Galina A. Koposova, a 20-year-old engineering student who volunteered to help over the summer, said “it is obvious this case is political. Navalny bothers Putin. He is a man who can really compete with Putin.” |
| Campaign workers followed Mr. Navalny’s Twitter messages from the courtroom, which were dripping with his characteristic acerbic humor. Lest anybody think he was shaken, Mr. Navalny posted a picture of Mr. Putin smiling and wrote, “I see that only we two are listening to this verdict without unnecessary sadness.” | Campaign workers followed Mr. Navalny’s Twitter messages from the courtroom, which were dripping with his characteristic acerbic humor. Lest anybody think he was shaken, Mr. Navalny posted a picture of Mr. Putin smiling and wrote, “I see that only we two are listening to this verdict without unnecessary sadness.” |
| In the hours ahead of the verdict, Mr. Navalny was defiant. In a blog post on Wednesday, he railed against the government. “The current power — is not a healthy big fish, but a puffer fish or a Latin American toad, which puffs itself up when it senses danger, using TV to spread lies from prostitute TV hosts,” he wrote. | In the hours ahead of the verdict, Mr. Navalny was defiant. In a blog post on Wednesday, he railed against the government. “The current power — is not a healthy big fish, but a puffer fish or a Latin American toad, which puffs itself up when it senses danger, using TV to spread lies from prostitute TV hosts,” he wrote. |
| He also exhorted his supporters to continue his work even in his absence. “You understand what is to be done, understand how it must be done, and understand for what it must be done,” he wrote. “The main thing is be brave, to cast off laziness and do it. You actually don’t need any sort of special leadership.” | He also exhorted his supporters to continue his work even in his absence. “You understand what is to be done, understand how it must be done, and understand for what it must be done,” he wrote. “The main thing is be brave, to cast off laziness and do it. You actually don’t need any sort of special leadership.” |
| “There is no one else but you,” he wrote in closing. “If you are reading this, you are the resistance.” | “There is no one else but you,” he wrote in closing. “If you are reading this, you are the resistance.” |
| The charges that Mr. Navalny faced, dating from his brief role as an adviser to the regional governor here, were considered shaky by some observers. A previous investigation had resulted in them being thrown out as baseless. | The charges that Mr. Navalny faced, dating from his brief role as an adviser to the regional governor here, were considered shaky by some observers. A previous investigation had resulted in them being thrown out as baseless. |
| The Kremlin, however, made little effort to mask the political motivation of prosecution. A spokesman for the federal Investigative Committee, Vladimir Markin, declared publicly that Mr. Navalny had made a target of himself through his political activities criticizing public officials. | The Kremlin, however, made little effort to mask the political motivation of prosecution. A spokesman for the federal Investigative Committee, Vladimir Markin, declared publicly that Mr. Navalny had made a target of himself through his political activities criticizing public officials. |
| “If a person tries with all his strength to attract attention, or if I can put it, teases authorities — ‘Look at me, I’m so good compared to everyone else’ — well, then interest in his past grows and the process of exposing him naturally speeds up,” Mr. Markin said. | “If a person tries with all his strength to attract attention, or if I can put it, teases authorities — ‘Look at me, I’m so good compared to everyone else’ — well, then interest in his past grows and the process of exposing him naturally speeds up,” Mr. Markin said. |
| Mr. Navalny arrived at the Leninsky Court here in downtown Kirov on Thursday looking tense and carrying a black duffel bag, presumably containing personal items given the possibility that he could be sent to jail immediately. His wife arrived with him, carrying two bottles of water. Mr. Navalny clutched his own bottle with one hand at the defense table. His other hand, predictably, held his smartphone. | Mr. Navalny arrived at the Leninsky Court here in downtown Kirov on Thursday looking tense and carrying a black duffel bag, presumably containing personal items given the possibility that he could be sent to jail immediately. His wife arrived with him, carrying two bottles of water. Mr. Navalny clutched his own bottle with one hand at the defense table. His other hand, predictably, held his smartphone. |
| In a message from the court, he mocked the stack of paper Judge Blinov was reading from “even with text on both sides,” Mr. Navalny wrote. His wife stood in the second row, wearing an elegant red skirt and white blazer, and smiled tightly as she also tapped on her phone. At one point, Mr. Navalny looked at one of the cameras providing a live feed from the courtroom and flashed his pinkie and index fingers in a sort of victory sign. | In a message from the court, he mocked the stack of paper Judge Blinov was reading from “even with text on both sides,” Mr. Navalny wrote. His wife stood in the second row, wearing an elegant red skirt and white blazer, and smiled tightly as she also tapped on her phone. At one point, Mr. Navalny looked at one of the cameras providing a live feed from the courtroom and flashed his pinkie and index fingers in a sort of victory sign. |
| Several leaders of the political opposition traveled from Moscow to be in the courthouse, including Ilya V. Ponomarev and Dmitry G. Gudkov, who are members of the Russian Parliament, and Ilya Yashin, who along with Mr. Navalny helped organize a series of big street protests in Moscow after disputed parliamentary elections in December 2011. | Several leaders of the political opposition traveled from Moscow to be in the courthouse, including Ilya V. Ponomarev and Dmitry G. Gudkov, who are members of the Russian Parliament, and Ilya Yashin, who along with Mr. Navalny helped organize a series of big street protests in Moscow after disputed parliamentary elections in December 2011. |
| Judge Blinov interrupted the reading of his decision to note that half of the courtroom was sending messages and he ordered that all phones be turned off. No one obeyed, certainly not Mr. Navalny who posted another message on Twitter joking that he was trying to convince everyone standing in his row to do the wave — as in a stadium crowd — “while trying not to talk.” | Judge Blinov interrupted the reading of his decision to note that half of the courtroom was sending messages and he ordered that all phones be turned off. No one obeyed, certainly not Mr. Navalny who posted another message on Twitter joking that he was trying to convince everyone standing in his row to do the wave — as in a stadium crowd — “while trying not to talk.” |
| As the verdict was delivered in Kirov, 600 miles away, Grigory Saksonov, 57, an electrician looking for work, was standing on Manezh Square in Moscow holding a sign that said : “Judge Blinov, you’re a donkey.” He was stunned to learn that Mr. Navalny received five years; saying he had expected a suspended sentence. “If it’s a real sentence, then it is two-faced meanness. So, Navalny will sit in jail, and the government will feast its eyes.” He added, “It was always a political process, even from the beginning.” | As the verdict was delivered in Kirov, 600 miles away, Grigory Saksonov, 57, an electrician looking for work, was standing on Manezh Square in Moscow holding a sign that said : “Judge Blinov, you’re a donkey.” He was stunned to learn that Mr. Navalny received five years; saying he had expected a suspended sentence. “If it’s a real sentence, then it is two-faced meanness. So, Navalny will sit in jail, and the government will feast its eyes.” He added, “It was always a political process, even from the beginning.” |
Alexandra Kozlova, Ellen Barry, Andrew E. Kramer, Andrew Roth, Anna Tikhomirova and Noah Sneider contributed reporting from Moscow. | Alexandra Kozlova, Ellen Barry, Andrew E. Kramer, Andrew Roth, Anna Tikhomirova and Noah Sneider contributed reporting from Moscow. |