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| Britain Knew of 2 Suspects in Soldier’s Killing | Britain Knew of 2 Suspects in Soldier’s Killing |
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| LONDON — British security officials confirmed Thursday that both suspects in the hacking death of an off-duty British soldier were known to MI5, the domestic security agency, in the years before the attack, in which men drove their car into the soldier on a busy London street and then chopped at him with cleavers as he lay prone on the sidewalk. | LONDON — British security officials confirmed Thursday that both suspects in the hacking death of an off-duty British soldier were known to MI5, the domestic security agency, in the years before the attack, in which men drove their car into the soldier on a busy London street and then chopped at him with cleavers as he lay prone on the sidewalk. |
| Video footage obtained by the tabloid Daily Mirror, released on Friday, showed the moment that the police responded to the attack as one of the assailants ran at full tilt toward a marked police car carrying armed officers who fired a total of eight shots, wounding both of them. The 10-second clip seemed to have been taken from a nearby apartment house. The attacker who ran at the police was shot twice within a few feet of the car. A second man seems to point a gun at the officers and more shots ring out, while screams of people nearby are clearly audible. | |
| With Britain still reeling with shock at the sheer brutality of the attack, the victim was identified as Lee Rigby, a 25-year-old army bandsman and machine-gunner who had served in Afghanistan and was the father of a 2-year-old boy. He had left his barracks in plainclothes to visit his mother, the authorities said. | With Britain still reeling with shock at the sheer brutality of the attack, the victim was identified as Lee Rigby, a 25-year-old army bandsman and machine-gunner who had served in Afghanistan and was the father of a 2-year-old boy. He had left his barracks in plainclothes to visit his mother, the authorities said. |
| Security officials said the suspects were radicalized British Muslim men with family origins in Nigeria. One was identified by the BBC as Michael Adebolajo, 28, who had been raised in a Christian family in Romford, east of London. He converted to Islam around 2001 and joined a radical Muslim group, Al Muhajiroun, that was banned in Britain in 2010 as an Islamic terrorist organization, notorious for having praised those who carried out the Sept. 11 attacks. The second suspect was identified in British news reports on Friday as Michael Adebowale, 22. | Security officials said the suspects were radicalized British Muslim men with family origins in Nigeria. One was identified by the BBC as Michael Adebolajo, 28, who had been raised in a Christian family in Romford, east of London. He converted to Islam around 2001 and joined a radical Muslim group, Al Muhajiroun, that was banned in Britain in 2010 as an Islamic terrorist organization, notorious for having praised those who carried out the Sept. 11 attacks. The second suspect was identified in British news reports on Friday as Michael Adebowale, 22. |
| The two suspects were under police guard in separate London hospitals, where they were being treated for gunshot wounds inflicted by the police when they were arrested, officials said. | The two suspects were under police guard in separate London hospitals, where they were being treated for gunshot wounds inflicted by the police when they were arrested, officials said. |
| Scotland Yard’s counterterrorism unit mounted raids on Thursday on six residential addresses that were said to have been linked to the attackers, including one in Romford, one in the London suburb of Greenwich, and a third in the village of Saxilby in Lincolnshire, 150 miles north of London, where neighbors said some of Mr. Adebolajo’s family members were living in a large, modern home in a new subdivision. Scotland Yard said the raids had led to the arrests of a man and a woman, both 29, whom they would not name, who were suspected of conspiracy to commit murder. | Scotland Yard’s counterterrorism unit mounted raids on Thursday on six residential addresses that were said to have been linked to the attackers, including one in Romford, one in the London suburb of Greenwich, and a third in the village of Saxilby in Lincolnshire, 150 miles north of London, where neighbors said some of Mr. Adebolajo’s family members were living in a large, modern home in a new subdivision. Scotland Yard said the raids had led to the arrests of a man and a woman, both 29, whom they would not name, who were suspected of conspiracy to commit murder. |
| New details of the attack on Wednesday in the southeast London neighborhood of Woolwich compounded the sense of outrage felt in Britain at its savagery. | New details of the attack on Wednesday in the southeast London neighborhood of Woolwich compounded the sense of outrage felt in Britain at its savagery. |
| The killers were described as having rained blows on the inert soldier before dragging his corpse into the street, roaming around and waving off would-be helpers with bloodied hands, cleavers still in their grasp, apparently intent on keeping the body on public display until the police arrived. One of the two men was recorded on cellphone video warning bystanders that they would not be safe until British soldiers were withdrawn from all Muslim lands. | The killers were described as having rained blows on the inert soldier before dragging his corpse into the street, roaming around and waving off would-be helpers with bloodied hands, cleavers still in their grasp, apparently intent on keeping the body on public display until the police arrived. One of the two men was recorded on cellphone video warning bystanders that they would not be safe until British soldiers were withdrawn from all Muslim lands. |
| One witness who spoke to the BBC said that the police had opened fire when one of the two attackers, cleaver still in hand, appeared to rush the officers. | One witness who spoke to the BBC said that the police had opened fire when one of the two attackers, cleaver still in hand, appeared to rush the officers. |
| The killing appeared to bear some of the hallmarks of “lone wolf” terror attacks like the one last month at the Boston Marathon. Involving low-tech weapons and a spontaneity aimed at foiling pre-emptive discovery, they have been propagated in recent years by an array of Islamic militant Web sites that Western security experts have linked to Al Qaeda. | The killing appeared to bear some of the hallmarks of “lone wolf” terror attacks like the one last month at the Boston Marathon. Involving low-tech weapons and a spontaneity aimed at foiling pre-emptive discovery, they have been propagated in recent years by an array of Islamic militant Web sites that Western security experts have linked to Al Qaeda. |
| Such attacks have been urged as a means of striking back at Western nations, particularly Britain and the United States, in the face of their success in disrupting terrorist networks with high-technology tools, including drones and satellite- and computer-aided surveillance systems. | Such attacks have been urged as a means of striking back at Western nations, particularly Britain and the United States, in the face of their success in disrupting terrorist networks with high-technology tools, including drones and satellite- and computer-aided surveillance systems. |
| After hurrying back to London overnight from a European tour, Prime Minister David Cameron suggested in a statement to reporters that the country should emulate the example of Ingrid Loyau-Kennett, 48, a French-born Cub Scout leader whose actions at the site of the killing earned her hero’s plaudits in the morning newspapers. | After hurrying back to London overnight from a European tour, Prime Minister David Cameron suggested in a statement to reporters that the country should emulate the example of Ingrid Loyau-Kennett, 48, a French-born Cub Scout leader whose actions at the site of the killing earned her hero’s plaudits in the morning newspapers. |
| In broadcast interviews, Ms. Loyau-Kennett said she had gotten off a passing bus when she saw a body lying in the street, intending to offer first aid. Instead, she said, she came face to face with one of the killers, and kept him discussing motives in a successful bid to distract him until the police arrived. | In broadcast interviews, Ms. Loyau-Kennett said she had gotten off a passing bus when she saw a body lying in the street, intending to offer first aid. Instead, she said, she came face to face with one of the killers, and kept him discussing motives in a successful bid to distract him until the police arrived. |
| “When told by the attacker that he wanted to start a war in London, she replied, ‘You’re going to lose. It’s only you versus many,' ” Mr. Cameron said. | “When told by the attacker that he wanted to start a war in London, she replied, ‘You’re going to lose. It’s only you versus many,' ” Mr. Cameron said. |
| He added, “She spoke for us all.” | He added, “She spoke for us all.” |
| There was a growing concern that Britain’s security services, after a long chapter of success in disrupting more complex terrorist plots since the transit system bombings in London that killed 52 people and the four bombers on July 7, 2005, might have missed opportunities to head off the Woolwich attack. | There was a growing concern that Britain’s security services, after a long chapter of success in disrupting more complex terrorist plots since the transit system bombings in London that killed 52 people and the four bombers on July 7, 2005, might have missed opportunities to head off the Woolwich attack. |
| In that sense, the Boston Marathon bombings again provided a point of reference. The older of the two brothers accused of that strike, and some of his associates, had drawn the attention of the F.B.I. and other American authorities beforehand, in part through their ties to Chechnya. | In that sense, the Boston Marathon bombings again provided a point of reference. The older of the two brothers accused of that strike, and some of his associates, had drawn the attention of the F.B.I. and other American authorities beforehand, in part through their ties to Chechnya. |
| What British security officials knew about the two men held after the London attack remained unclear. But unidentified officials who spoke with British reporters said that both men had appeared on lists of people known to have been involved with Islamic militant groups that have been under surveillance by agencies, including MI5, that form the front line in Britain’s counterterrorist operations. | What British security officials knew about the two men held after the London attack remained unclear. But unidentified officials who spoke with British reporters said that both men had appeared on lists of people known to have been involved with Islamic militant groups that have been under surveillance by agencies, including MI5, that form the front line in Britain’s counterterrorist operations. |
| In his Downing Street statement, Mr. Cameron acknowledged that news coverage of the killing in Britain had included “the point that the two suspects in this horrific attack were known to the security services,” but he could not comment on the investigation. But he added that “in the normal practice in these sorts of cases,” the actions of the security agencies involved would be open to review by two bodies that have formal powers in such matters, the Independent Police Complaints Commission, in the case of Scotland Yard, and a parliamentary body, the Intelligence and Security Committee, in the case of MI5 and MI6, which is the foreign intelligence agency. | In his Downing Street statement, Mr. Cameron acknowledged that news coverage of the killing in Britain had included “the point that the two suspects in this horrific attack were known to the security services,” but he could not comment on the investigation. But he added that “in the normal practice in these sorts of cases,” the actions of the security agencies involved would be open to review by two bodies that have formal powers in such matters, the Independent Police Complaints Commission, in the case of Scotland Yard, and a parliamentary body, the Intelligence and Security Committee, in the case of MI5 and MI6, which is the foreign intelligence agency. |
| Security officials were quoted by the BBC as confirming that one of the suspects, Mr. Adebolajo, had come under surveillance in recent years when he attended meetings of Al Muhajiroun, the militant group that was later banned. | Security officials were quoted by the BBC as confirming that one of the suspects, Mr. Adebolajo, had come under surveillance in recent years when he attended meetings of Al Muhajiroun, the militant group that was later banned. |
| A former leader of that group, Anjem Choudary, said in a BBC interview that Mr. Adebolajo had been a regular attendee — “very quiet, very unassuming, very nonviolent” — and that others at the meetings had known him by the pseudonym of Brother Mujahid, an Arabic term that means holy warrior. | A former leader of that group, Anjem Choudary, said in a BBC interview that Mr. Adebolajo had been a regular attendee — “very quiet, very unassuming, very nonviolent” — and that others at the meetings had known him by the pseudonym of Brother Mujahid, an Arabic term that means holy warrior. |
| He said Mr. Adebolajo had stopped attending meetings a few years ago, shortly before the group was banned. | He said Mr. Adebolajo had stopped attending meetings a few years ago, shortly before the group was banned. |
| In an interview with The Independent, the self-exiled leader of the group, Omar Bakri Mohammed, who lives in Lebanon, said he recalled Mr. Adebolajo and that he “was being very courageous” in the attack on the soldier. | In an interview with The Independent, the self-exiled leader of the group, Omar Bakri Mohammed, who lives in Lebanon, said he recalled Mr. Adebolajo and that he “was being very courageous” in the attack on the soldier. |
| “Under Islam this can be justified,” he said. “He was not targeting civilians, he was taking on a military man in an operation. To people around here in the Middle East he is a hero for what he has done.” | “Under Islam this can be justified,” he said. “He was not targeting civilians, he was taking on a military man in an operation. To people around here in the Middle East he is a hero for what he has done.” |
| “I knew him as Michael when he came to the meetings and then he converted and he became known as Abdullah; I hear he then started calling himself Mujahid,” Mr. Bakri said. “He asked questions about religion, he was curious. He had first started coming when there was a lot of anger about the Iraq war and the war on terror. Whether I influenced him or not, I do not know. But he was a quiet boy, so something must have happened.” | “I knew him as Michael when he came to the meetings and then he converted and he became known as Abdullah; I hear he then started calling himself Mujahid,” Mr. Bakri said. “He asked questions about religion, he was curious. He had first started coming when there was a lot of anger about the Iraq war and the war on terror. Whether I influenced him or not, I do not know. But he was a quiet boy, so something must have happened.” |
| In 2010, the Syrian-born Mr. Bakri was among 24 people sentenced to life in prison in absentia by a Lebanese military court for belonging to a terrorist group and inciting violence. Mr. Bakri fled Britain in 2005 shortly after the July 7 transit bombings of that year. He had achieved notoriety in 2001 by praising the Sept. 11 attackers as “the magnificent 19.” | In 2010, the Syrian-born Mr. Bakri was among 24 people sentenced to life in prison in absentia by a Lebanese military court for belonging to a terrorist group and inciting violence. Mr. Bakri fled Britain in 2005 shortly after the July 7 transit bombings of that year. He had achieved notoriety in 2001 by praising the Sept. 11 attackers as “the magnificent 19.” |
| British security experts noted that several of the militants involved in the 2005 transit bombings had been known to MI5 for years before the attacks, but that MI5 officers had reviewed their cases and decided that they were peripheral figures, apparently not involved in terrorist plotting. | British security experts noted that several of the militants involved in the 2005 transit bombings had been known to MI5 for years before the attacks, but that MI5 officers had reviewed their cases and decided that they were peripheral figures, apparently not involved in terrorist plotting. |
| The decision not to keep track of those men, the experts said, may prove to have been similar to the case of Mr. Adebolajo. | The decision not to keep track of those men, the experts said, may prove to have been similar to the case of Mr. Adebolajo. |
| MI5 officials have said repeatedly that despite a substantial increase in the agency’s financing and staffing since 2005, it has the resources to actively monitor at any one time only a fraction of the militants who have drawn the agency’s attention. | MI5 officials have said repeatedly that despite a substantial increase in the agency’s financing and staffing since 2005, it has the resources to actively monitor at any one time only a fraction of the militants who have drawn the agency’s attention. |