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Ahmadinejad Visits Egypt, Signaling Realignment Ahmadinejad Visits Egypt, Signaling Realignment
(about 4 hours later)
CAIRO — President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad traveled to Cairo on Tuesday, the first visit by an Iranian leader to Egypt since the two countries broke off diplomatic relations three decades ago and a barometer of the shifts in regional dynamics underway since the start of the Arab uprisings. CAIRO — President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s historic three-day trip to Egypt, the first in three decades by an Iranian leader, started pleasantly enough on Tuesday.
Relations between the two countries have warmed since the toppling of Egypt’s former president, Hosni Mubarak, who was deeply hostile to Iran’s leadership and portrayed himself to his allies, including the United States, the Persian Gulf monarchies and Israel, as a bulwark against Iranian influence. Egypt’s president, Mohamed Morsi, greeted Mr. Ahmadinejad with a broad smile during a red-carpet ceremony at a Cairo airport. The two talked about the crisis in Syria and how to improve the relationship between their own countries, which has been in a deep freeze since after the Iranian revolution in 1979.
Lately, though, Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, has been promoting the idea that the recent Arab revolutions were inspired by the Iranian revolution of 1979. “Egypt is a very important country in the region and the Islamic Republic of Iran believes it is one of the heavyweights in the Middle East,” Iran’s foreign minister, Ali Akbar Salehi, told Iran’s state-run Islamic Republic News Agency on Tuesday. “We are ready to further strengthen ties.”
“Egypt is a very important country in the region and the Islamic Republic of Iran believes it is one of the heavyweights in the Middle East,” Iran’s foreign minister, Ali Akbar Salehi, told the state Islamic Republic News Agency in Munich on Tuesday. “We are ready to further strengthen ties.” Then things got testy.
While Egypt’s relations with Iran remain limited, the scene on the tarmac at the Cairo Airport on Tuesday — Egypt’s new president, Mohamed Morsi, greeting Mr. Ahmedinejad warmly in a red-carpet ceremony — would have been unimaginable under Mr. Mubarak, and seemed likely to alarm the Obama administration. During an afternoon visit to Al-Azhar mosque and university, Egypt’s seat of Sunni scholarship, Mr. Ahmadinejad was publicly upbraided at a news conference by his hosts, who accused Shiites of interfering in Arab countries, including Egypt and Bahrain, and of discriminating against Sunnis in Iran, a Shiite-majority country.
Mr. Morsi and Mr. Ahmadinejad discussed “developments in the regional arena,” including the war in Syria and “means of enhancing relations between Egypt and Iran,” according to Egypt’s state news agency. Mr. Ahmadinejad is in Egypt for a three-day visit to attend an Islamic summit. As a spokesman for Al-Azhar scolded his guest using divisive sectarian language, an aide to Mr. Ahmadinejad cut in. “We didn’t agree on this,” he said, as the Iranian leader nodded and replied: “We agreed on unity, brotherhood.”
Since becoming president in June as the candidate of the Muslim Brotherhood, Mr. Morsi has framed his approach to foreign policy, including the thaw with Iran, as an effort to chart a more independent course than that of his predecessor and to reassert Egypt’s historical regional leadership role. Mr. Morsi has also tried to place Egypt at the center of negotiations to end the crisis in Syria. After the news conference, a protester tried to hit Mr. Ahmadinejad with a shoe, according to video of the confrontation by Turkey’s Anatolia news agency, which said the assailant was a Syrian, presumably angered at Iran’s strong alliance with Syria’s president, Bashar al-Assad.
In August, in another historic first, Mr. Morsi traveled to Tehran for the summit of the Nonaligned Movement, a visit that was seen as helping to ease Iran’s international isolation. Four people were later arrested for attacking the Iranian leader’s motorcade, according to the Web site of Al Ahram, Egypt’s state-owned newspaper.
Analysts say it is unlikely that Egypt and Iran will restore full ties, noting the pressure on Mr. Morsi to keep his distance from Iran, particularly from the United States and Egypt’s financial benefactors among the Persian Gulf monarchies. Those public setbacks aside, relations between the two countries have warmed since the toppling of Egypt’s former president, Hosni Mubarak, who was deeply hostile to Iran’s leadership and portrayed himself to his allies, including the United States, the Persian Gulf monarchies and Israel, as a bulwark against Iranian influence.
During his visit to Tehran in August, Mr. Morsi embarrassed his hosts by delivering a stinging condemnation of their close ally, President Bashar al-Assad of Syria, to the delight of allies like Qatar and Saudi Arabia. In further deference to the Saudis, he omitted mention of the Shiite-led uprising against Bahrain’s Sunni monarchy. The relationship had atrophied over decades, damaged in particular by the Egyptian President Anwar el-Sadat’s granting of asylum to the deposed Iranian shah, Mohammad-Reza Pahlavi, who was given a state funeral in Cairo in 1980. When Mr. Sadat was assassinated the next year, Iran named a street after his killer, Khaled Islambouli.
On Tuesday, Egypt’s foreign minister sought to deliver further reassurances, saying “the security of the Gulf states is the security of Egypt,” according the state news agency. Mr. Morsi, an Islamist and Egypt’s first elected leader, promised a new direction for foreign policy that he said would be more independent than his predecessors’ and would reassert Egypt’s historical leadership role. Extending a hand to Iran was seen as part of an effort to improve ties with regional powers and, more important, to broker a solution to the war in Syria.
In Cairo, the Iranian foreign minister, Ali Akbar Salehi said on Tuesday that the relationship with Egypt was “gradually improving,” according to Reuters. “We have to be a little patient,” he said. Iranian officials were even more eager to mend the relationship, speaking of Egypt and Iran as the core of an axis of regional military powers. Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, has been promoting the idea that the recent Arab uprisings were inspired by the Iranian revolution of 1979.

Kareem Fahim reported from Cairo and Thomas Erdbrink from Tehran.

The first major step toward repairing the relationship came in August, when Mr. Morsi visited Tehran during the meeting of the Nonaligned Movement, in what was seen as an effort toward easing Iran’s international isolation.
But that trip also veered off script. Mr. Morsi embarrassed his hosts somewhat by delivering a stinging condemnation of President Assad, delighting Saudi Arabia and Qatar, strong financial supporters of both Egypt and the Syrian insurgency.
And in speaking about the Arab uprisings, Mr. Morsi notably avoided, as he often does, any mention of the Shiite-led revolt against Bahrain’s Sunni monarchy, further endearing him to allies in the gulf region who have portrayed the uprising as an Iranian plot rather than a popular movement.
Many analysts think it unlikely that the Egypt-Iran thaw will develop into fully restored relations, given the pressure exerted by the United States and the gulf monarchies on Mr. Morsi to keep his distance. Despite his talk of charting a new path for Egypt, “the Morsi administration is trying to avoid any direct confrontation with the international system,” said Emad Shahin, a political scientist at the American University of Cairo.
A separate attempt by the Egyptian leader to develop closer ties with Iran, by including it in a regional effort with Turkey and Saudi Arabia to solve the Syrian crisis, also faltered, after the Saudis stopped participating, diplomats said.
“Morsi is learning the constraints and the realities of the cold wars in the region — the old rivalries and local calculations,” Mr. Shahin said.
On Tuesday, Mr. Ahmadinejad squirmed as the spokesman for Al-Azhar, Hassan al-Shafei, related the details of the Iranian leader’s meeting with Al-Azhar’s grand imam, Sheik Ahmed el-Tayeb. After saying the Iranian leader was received “not only as a great guest and the president of a sister country,” but also as a “friend,” the spokesman amplified differences between Sunnis and Shiites and talked mostly about what he called obstacles to unity.
When it was over, Mr. Ahmadinejad smiled and kissed the spokesman on both cheeks.

Thomas Erdbrink contributed reporting from Tehran.