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| Hostages Dead in Bloody Climax to Siege in Algeria | Hostages Dead in Bloody Climax to Siege in Algeria |
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| BAMAKO, Mali — A day after the four-day hostage crisis in the Sahara reached a bloody conclusion, government leaders around the world struggled on Sunday to grasp what precisely had happened as Prime Minister David Cameron of Britain called for a “global response” lasting “years, even decades” to counter the deep-rooted presence of Islamist militants in North Africa. | |
| The confrontation at a remote gas field taken over by militants ended Saturday as the Algerian Army carried out a final assault, killing most of the remaining kidnappers and raising the total of hostages killed to at least 23, Algerian officials said. | |
| A senior Algerian official was quoted on Sunday as saying that figure “may be revised upward.” | |
| In Britain, Mr. Cameron also revised earlier estimates, saying on Sunday that three British nationals were killed and three more were believed to have died along with one resident of Britain. The dead included one who died in the initial militant attack on the gas plant on Wednesday, British officials said. | |
| “Tragically we now know that three British nationals have been killed and a further three are believed to be dead and also a further British resident is also believed to be dead,” Mr. Cameron said in a televised statement from his official country retreat. | “Tragically we now know that three British nationals have been killed and a further three are believed to be dead and also a further British resident is also believed to be dead,” Mr. Cameron said in a televised statement from his official country retreat. |
| “Now of course people will ask questions about the Algerian response to these events, but I would just say that the responsibility for these deaths lies squarely with the terrorists who launched a vicious and cowardly attack.” | “Now of course people will ask questions about the Algerian response to these events, but I would just say that the responsibility for these deaths lies squarely with the terrorists who launched a vicious and cowardly attack.” |
| He added: “We have had successes in recent years in reducing the threat from some parts of the world, but the threat has grown particularly in North Africa.” | |
| “This is a global threat and it will require a global response. It will require a response that is about years, even decades, rather than months. It requires a response that is patient and painstaking, that is tough but also intelligent, but above all has an absolutely iron resolve and that is what we will deliver over these coming years,” he said. | |
| The details of the desert standoff and the final battle for the plant remained murky — as did information about which hostages died and how — with even the White House suggesting late Saturday that it was unclear what had happened. In a brief statement President Obama said his administration would “remain in close touch with the government of Algeria to gain a fuller understanding of what took place.” | |
| The British defense minister, Philip Hammond, called the loss of life “appalling and unacceptable” after reports that up to seven hostages were killed in the final hours of the hostage crisis, and he said that the leaders of the attack would be tracked down. The Algerian government said that 32 militants had been killed since Wednesday, although it cautioned that its casualty counts were provisional. | |
| On Saturday, Foreign Secretary William Hague had said five Britons and one British resident had died or were unaccounted for after the final rescue attempt. He said that police forces were fanning out across Britain visiting each of the families involved. At one point in the crisis, the British said they feared for the lives of around 30 of their citizens. | On Saturday, Foreign Secretary William Hague had said five Britons and one British resident had died or were unaccounted for after the final rescue attempt. He said that police forces were fanning out across Britain visiting each of the families involved. At one point in the crisis, the British said they feared for the lives of around 30 of their citizens. |
| Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta, who appeared with Mr. Hammond at a news conference in London, said he did not yet have reliable information about the fate of the Americans at the facility, although a senior Algerian official said two had been found “safe and sound.” | Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta, who appeared with Mr. Hammond at a news conference in London, said he did not yet have reliable information about the fate of the Americans at the facility, although a senior Algerian official said two had been found “safe and sound.” |
| What little information trickled out was as harrowing as what had come in the days before, when some hostages who had managed to escape told of workers being forced to wear explosives. They also said that there were several summary executions and that some workers had died in the military’s initial rescue attempt. | What little information trickled out was as harrowing as what had come in the days before, when some hostages who had managed to escape told of workers being forced to wear explosives. They also said that there were several summary executions and that some workers had died in the military’s initial rescue attempt. |
| On Saturday, Algerian officials reported that some bodies found by troops who rushed into the industrial complex were charred beyond recognition, making it difficult to distinguish between the captors and the captured. Two were assumed to be workers because they were handcuffed. | On Saturday, Algerian officials reported that some bodies found by troops who rushed into the industrial complex were charred beyond recognition, making it difficult to distinguish between the captors and the captured. Two were assumed to be workers because they were handcuffed. |
| Most of the hundreds of workers at the plant, who come from about 25 countries, appear to have escaped sometime during the four days. | Most of the hundreds of workers at the plant, who come from about 25 countries, appear to have escaped sometime during the four days. |
| The Algerian government has been relatively silent since the start of the crisis, releasing few details. The government faced withering international criticism for rushing ahead with its first assault on the militants on Thursday even as governments whose citizens were trapped inside the plant pleaded for more time, fearing that rescue attempts might lead to workers dying. The Algerians responded by saying they had a better understanding of how to handle militants after fighting Islamist insurgents for years. | The Algerian government has been relatively silent since the start of the crisis, releasing few details. The government faced withering international criticism for rushing ahead with its first assault on the militants on Thursday even as governments whose citizens were trapped inside the plant pleaded for more time, fearing that rescue attempts might lead to workers dying. The Algerians responded by saying they had a better understanding of how to handle militants after fighting Islamist insurgents for years. |
| On Saturday, it was unclear who killed the last hostages. Initial reports from Algerian state news media said that seven workers had been executed during the army’s raid, but the senior government official and another high-level official, both of whom spoke on the condition of anonymity, later said the number killed and the cause were unknown. The early reports also said 11 militants were killed, but later information suggested that some may have blown themselves up. | On Saturday, it was unclear who killed the last hostages. Initial reports from Algerian state news media said that seven workers had been executed during the army’s raid, but the senior government official and another high-level official, both of whom spoke on the condition of anonymity, later said the number killed and the cause were unknown. The early reports also said 11 militants were killed, but later information suggested that some may have blown themselves up. |
| One of the Algerian officials defended the latest military assault, saying the government feared the militants were about to set off explosions at the In Amenas complex. | One of the Algerian officials defended the latest military assault, saying the government feared the militants were about to set off explosions at the In Amenas complex. |
| The Algerian state oil company, Sonatrach, said that the attackers had evidently mined the facility with the intention of blowing it up and that the company was working to ensure the safety of the plant. | The Algerian state oil company, Sonatrach, said that the attackers had evidently mined the facility with the intention of blowing it up and that the company was working to ensure the safety of the plant. |
| The government official, meanwhile, said that the militants had set fire to the plant’s control tower on Friday night and that it was later extinguished by soldiers and workers. The militants also tried to blow up a pipeline, he said, leading officials to worry about the stocks of gas at the plant. “The authorities were afraid they were going to blow up the reserves,” said the official, who believed the militants had planned all along to destroy the complex. | The government official, meanwhile, said that the militants had set fire to the plant’s control tower on Friday night and that it was later extinguished by soldiers and workers. The militants also tried to blow up a pipeline, he said, leading officials to worry about the stocks of gas at the plant. “The authorities were afraid they were going to blow up the reserves,” said the official, who believed the militants had planned all along to destroy the complex. |
| Whatever the goal, the message of the militant takeover of the gas complex, in a country that has perhaps the world’s toughest record for dealing with terrorists, seemed clear, at least to Algerian officials: the Islamist ministate in northern Mali, now under assault by French and Malian forces, has given a new boost to transnational terrorism. The brigade of some 32 Islamists that took the plant was multinational, Algerian officials said — with only three Algerians in the group. | Whatever the goal, the message of the militant takeover of the gas complex, in a country that has perhaps the world’s toughest record for dealing with terrorists, seemed clear, at least to Algerian officials: the Islamist ministate in northern Mali, now under assault by French and Malian forces, has given a new boost to transnational terrorism. The brigade of some 32 Islamists that took the plant was multinational, Algerian officials said — with only three Algerians in the group. |
| “We have indications that they originated from northern Mali,” one of the senior officials said. “They want to establish a terrorist state.” | “We have indications that they originated from northern Mali,” one of the senior officials said. “They want to establish a terrorist state.” |
| A Mali-based Algerian jihadist with ties to Al Qaeda, Mokhtar Belmokhtar, has claimed responsibility through spokesmen — and is blamed by the Algerians — for masterminding the raid. | A Mali-based Algerian jihadist with ties to Al Qaeda, Mokhtar Belmokhtar, has claimed responsibility through spokesmen — and is blamed by the Algerians — for masterminding the raid. |
| The militants who attacked the plant said it was in retaliation for the French troops sweeping into Mali this month to stop an advance of Islamist rebels south toward the capital, although they later said they had been planning an attack in Algeria for some time. The group that attacked the plant, thought to be based in Gao, Mali, was previously little known and had splintered last year from Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, Al Qaeda’s North African branch. | The militants who attacked the plant said it was in retaliation for the French troops sweeping into Mali this month to stop an advance of Islamist rebels south toward the capital, although they later said they had been planning an attack in Algeria for some time. The group that attacked the plant, thought to be based in Gao, Mali, was previously little known and had splintered last year from Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, Al Qaeda’s North African branch. |
| The gas plant is operated by Sonatrach, Norway’s Statoil and BP of Britain. | The gas plant is operated by Sonatrach, Norway’s Statoil and BP of Britain. |
| The militant takeover of the site began with heavy gunfire early Wednesday, and continued through the fierce, helicopter-led government assault on Thursday. | The militant takeover of the site began with heavy gunfire early Wednesday, and continued through the fierce, helicopter-led government assault on Thursday. |
| United States officials had said that “seven or eight” Americans had been at the In Amenas field when it was seized by the militants. | United States officials had said that “seven or eight” Americans had been at the In Amenas field when it was seized by the militants. |
| One American, Frederick Buttaccio, 58, of Katy, Tex., was confirmed dead on Friday. | One American, Frederick Buttaccio, 58, of Katy, Tex., was confirmed dead on Friday. |
| On Saturday, BP announced that another American, a Texan named Mark Cobb, who was a manager of the plant, survived. A man from Austin also survived, according to a spokesman for Representative Michael McCaul, Republican of Texas. It was unclear if either of the Texans who survived were the two declared “safe and sound” early on Saturday. | On Saturday, BP announced that another American, a Texan named Mark Cobb, who was a manager of the plant, survived. A man from Austin also survived, according to a spokesman for Representative Michael McCaul, Republican of Texas. It was unclear if either of the Texans who survived were the two declared “safe and sound” early on Saturday. |
| In a call with reporters, Robert Dudley, BP’s chief executive, said that 18 BP employees had been at the facility during the “unprovoked attack by heavily armed murderers” and that 14 had been evacuated safely. He said the fate of the four other employees remained unknown. | In a call with reporters, Robert Dudley, BP’s chief executive, said that 18 BP employees had been at the facility during the “unprovoked attack by heavily armed murderers” and that 14 had been evacuated safely. He said the fate of the four other employees remained unknown. |
| Among the workers killed at the plant were a French citizen identified as Yann Desjeux, who died before Saturday’s raid. An Algerian state news agency said some Algerians had also been killed as of Friday. | Among the workers killed at the plant were a French citizen identified as Yann Desjeux, who died before Saturday’s raid. An Algerian state news agency said some Algerians had also been killed as of Friday. |
| One Algerian who managed to escape told France 24 television late Friday night that the kidnappers said, “We’ve come in the name of Islam, to teach the Americans what Islam is.” The haggard-looking man, interviewed at the airport in Algiers, said the kidnappers then immediately executed five hostages. | One Algerian who managed to escape told France 24 television late Friday night that the kidnappers said, “We’ve come in the name of Islam, to teach the Americans what Islam is.” The haggard-looking man, interviewed at the airport in Algiers, said the kidnappers then immediately executed five hostages. |
| The brazenness of the assault — with scores of fighters attacking one of the country’s most important gas-producing facilities — is likely to call into question Algeria’s much vaunted security strategy in dealing with the Islamic militants who find shelter in its southern deserts, near the border with Mali. | |
| The Algerians have made a virtue out of keeping a lid on these militants, pushing them toward Mali in a strategy of modified containment, and ruthlessly stamping them out when they attempt an attack in the Algerian interior. So far it has worked, and Algeria’s extensive oil and gas fields, which are essential sources of revenue, have been protected. | The Algerians have made a virtue out of keeping a lid on these militants, pushing them toward Mali in a strategy of modified containment, and ruthlessly stamping them out when they attempt an attack in the Algerian interior. So far it has worked, and Algeria’s extensive oil and gas fields, which are essential sources of revenue, have been protected. |
| That relative success had allowed Algeria to take a hands-off approach to the Islamist conquest of northern Mali in recent months, even as Western governments pleaded with it to become more directly involved in confronting the militants, who move across the hazy border between the two countries. | That relative success had allowed Algeria to take a hands-off approach to the Islamist conquest of northern Mali in recent months, even as Western governments pleaded with it to become more directly involved in confronting the militants, who move across the hazy border between the two countries. |
| But now Algeria may have to rethink its approach, analysts suggest. | But now Algeria may have to rethink its approach, analysts suggest. |
| If the outcome represents a relative setback for Algeria, it could be viewed as a victory for the Islamists who carried out the assault on the gas plant, achieving several of their perennial goals: killing large numbers of Westerners and disrupting states they have put on their enemies list — including Algeria. | If the outcome represents a relative setback for Algeria, it could be viewed as a victory for the Islamists who carried out the assault on the gas plant, achieving several of their perennial goals: killing large numbers of Westerners and disrupting states they have put on their enemies list — including Algeria. |
| Adam Nossiter reported from Bamako and Alan Cowell from London. Reporting was contributed by Steven Erlanger and Scott Sayare from Paris; Elisabeth Bumiller and John F. Burns from London; Manny Fernandez and Clifford Krauss from Houston; and Michael R. Gordon from Washington. | |
Reporting was contributed by Steven Erlanger and Scott Sayare from Paris; Alan Cowell, Elisabeth Bumiller and John F. Burns from London; Manny Fernandez and Clifford Krauss from Houston; and Michael R. Gordon from Washington. |