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Huge cross marks Stalin purges Huge cross marks Stalin purges
(1 day later)
A giant cross commemorating the victims of Stalinist purges in the 1930s has been erected at a ceremony near Moscow.A giant cross commemorating the victims of Stalinist purges in the 1930s has been erected at a ceremony near Moscow.
The wooden cross - 12.5m high (41 ft) and 7.6m wide (25 ft) - was placed in Butovo, at the site of a former execution ground.The wooden cross - 12.5m high (41 ft) and 7.6m wide (25 ft) - was placed in Butovo, at the site of a former execution ground.
At least 20,000 people were killed there by Stalin's secret police, the NKVD. The first killings occurred exactly 70 years ago.At least 20,000 people were killed there by Stalin's secret police, the NKVD. The first killings occurred exactly 70 years ago.
Hundreds of people attended the ceremony south of the capital.Hundreds of people attended the ceremony south of the capital.
Events marking the 70th anniversary of Stalin's drive to purge opponents of his regime have been held throughout Russia.Events marking the 70th anniversary of Stalin's drive to purge opponents of his regime have been held throughout Russia.
The relatively small-scale ceremonies have been organised by religious or human rights groups rather than the government.The relatively small-scale ceremonies have been organised by religious or human rights groups rather than the government.
I was seven when my neighbour, a priest, was taken away - he disappeared without a trace Yulia Shcherbakova, witness of the Stalinist repressionI was seven when my neighbour, a priest, was taken away - he disappeared without a trace Yulia Shcherbakova, witness of the Stalinist repression
The BBC's James Rodgers in Butovo says the execution ground had previously been a firing range.The BBC's James Rodgers in Butovo says the execution ground had previously been a firing range.
It did not seem necessary to change its name after 8 August, 1937, he adds.It did not seem necessary to change its name after 8 August, 1937, he adds.
Yulia Shcherbakova - now in her 70s - wanted to explain her personal tie to Stalin's terror.Yulia Shcherbakova - now in her 70s - wanted to explain her personal tie to Stalin's terror.
"It's terrifying to think back. I remember people in our small house being arrested - people who lived below and above," she told the BBC."It's terrifying to think back. I remember people in our small house being arrested - people who lived below and above," she told the BBC.
"I was seven when my neighbour, a priest, was taken away - he disappeared without a trace. And everyone was afraid to mention his name.""I was seven when my neighbour, a priest, was taken away - he disappeared without a trace. And everyone was afraid to mention his name."
Activists' fearsActivists' fears
The Siberian pine cross was erected as a centrepiece to a new memorial to Stalin's victims in Butovo.The Siberian pine cross was erected as a centrepiece to a new memorial to Stalin's victims in Butovo.
JOSEPH STALIN'S PURGES Orchestrated by Stalin in 1930s to cement his rule5 Aug 1937 - order N00447 for mass executions of "anti-Soviet elements" issuedTargeted Communist Party opponents, but also the army, the intelligentsia and peasants Hundreds of thousands of people executed by NKVD by 1938Millions arrested and sent to labour campsMass executions end in Nov 1938, but arrests continue until Stalin's death in 1953JOSEPH STALIN'S PURGES Orchestrated by Stalin in 1930s to cement his rule5 Aug 1937 - order N00447 for mass executions of "anti-Soviet elements" issuedTargeted Communist Party opponents, but also the army, the intelligentsia and peasants Hundreds of thousands of people executed by NKVD by 1938Millions arrested and sent to labour campsMass executions end in Nov 1938, but arrests continue until Stalin's death in 1953
Those executed there in 1937 and 1938 included about 1,000 priests, monks and nuns.Those executed there in 1937 and 1938 included about 1,000 priests, monks and nuns.
No-one knows precisely how many are buried at the site.No-one knows precisely how many are buried at the site.
The cross was constructed at the Solovetsky Monastery in northern Russia, which was itself turned into a notorious prison camp during the purges. The cross was constructed at the Solovetsky Monastery in northern Russia, which was itself turned into a notorious prison camp by the Soviet authorities in the 1920s.
The cross was delivered by boat, and part of its route followed the White Sea Canal, a Stalinist construction project which claimed the lives of thousands of convicts.The cross was delivered by boat, and part of its route followed the White Sea Canal, a Stalinist construction project which claimed the lives of thousands of convicts.
Seventy years after what is known as "the great purge", only a few thousand survivors remain.Seventy years after what is known as "the great purge", only a few thousand survivors remain.
Human rights groups say they have never been properly compensated, and most struggle to get by on a small state pension.Human rights groups say they have never been properly compensated, and most struggle to get by on a small state pension.