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Summit seeks way forward in Iraq Iraq pleads for funds to rebuild
(about 3 hours later)
A major international conference aimed at bringing stability and economic recovery to Iraq has opened in Egypt. Iraq's prime minister has appealed for other countries to write off its debts, at the start of a summit called to try to rebuild and stabilise the country.
Two days of talks will bring together diplomats from wealthy nations and regional powers in the Red Sea resort of Sharm el-Sheikh. Nouri Maliki urged delegates at the talks in Egypt to help "build a united, democratic and federal Iraq".
Delegates are to endorse a five-year International Compact for Iraq (ICI), giving support in exchange for reforms. Rich nations and regional powers are meeting for two days of talks in the Red Sea resort of Sharm el-Sheikh.
US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice has hinted she could meet her Iranian and Syrian counterparts. American officials say US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice will meet her Syrian counterpart at the conference.
Delegates are gathered for two meetings - the ICI meeting on Thursday, then an international conference to be held on Friday - which will be "parallel but independent", Iraqi Foreign Minister Hoshyar Zebari said last month. The last high-ranking diplomatic contact between Washington and Damascus was in January 2005.
Representatives of Iraq's neighbours, including Iran and Syria, as well as of the G8 and EU are due to attend. Ms Rice has hinted she could also meet the Iranian foreign minister on the sidelines of the summit.
'Critical juncture'
Mr Maliki said Iraq needed to free up funds to invest in much-needed reconstruction projects.
"We call on all the friends and brothers participating in this conference to forgive Iraq all its debts in order to enable it to start the projects," he said.
I think I can handle any question that is asked of me Condoleezza RiceUS secretary of state Q&A: Sharm el-Sheikh conferences Tough issues in Egypt
However, Saudi Foreign Minister Saud al-Faisal said only that his country "has expressed its readiness to alleviate some of the debts on Iraq".
Earlier, US and Iraqi officials had said Saudi Arabia was committed to cancelling 80% of Iraq's $17bn (£8.5bn) debt to it, the Associated Press reported.
Meanwhile Russia was demanding the right to buy up oil fields in return for writing off debt, Iraq's finance minister, Bayan Jabor, told Reuters.
Thursday's conference was called to endorse a five-year International Compact for Iraq (ICI), under which Iraq will institute reforms promoting national reconciliation, and will receive major financial assistance.
United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said: "Iraq is at a critical juncture.
"As the Iraqi people strive to achieve these goals they should be able to count on the active support of Iraq's neighbours and the international community."
Separate talks on Friday, involving all Iraq's neighbouring countries and other major powers, will focus on Iraq's security.
Condoleezza Rice says she would speak to Manouchehr Mottaki
Iran and Syria are due to attend, as well as representatives of the US, G8 and EU .
The conference got under way against a background of continuing violence in Iraq.The conference got under way against a background of continuing violence in Iraq.
The US said a rocket strike on Baghdad's heavily fortified Green Zone had killed four US government contractors, all from the Philippines.The US said a rocket strike on Baghdad's heavily fortified Green Zone had killed four US government contractors, all from the Philippines.
Meanwhile Iraq said that a leading Sunni militant, Abu Omar al-Baghdadi, who headed the group called the Islamic State in Iraq, had been killed.
'Honest dialogue''Honest dialogue'
The presence of ministers from the US, Iran and Syria at the talks in Egypt has sparked speculation of possible talks between them on the sidelines.The presence of ministers from the US, Iran and Syria at the talks in Egypt has sparked speculation of possible talks between them on the sidelines.
I think I can handle any question that is asked of me Condoleezza RiceUS secretary of state class="" href="/1/hi/world/middle_east/6616261.stm">Q&A: Sharm el-Sheikh conferences class="" href="/1/hi/world/middle_east/6617907.stm">Tough issues in Egypt Ms Rice said she would not avoid an exchange with Iranian Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki should it happen. Ms Rice said she would not avoid an exchange with Iranian Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki should it happen.
"I think I can handle any question that is asked of me," she said."I think I can handle any question that is asked of me," she said.
"If we encounter each other and wander to other subjects I am prepared to address them at least in terms of American policy.""If we encounter each other and wander to other subjects I am prepared to address them at least in terms of American policy."
Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said he would welcome "honest dialogue" with the US in Egypt.Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said he would welcome "honest dialogue" with the US in Egypt.
SUMMIT DELEGATIONS INCLUDE United StatesIranSyriaSaudi ArabiaRussiaChinaEuropean Union
But he warned that it would be a "mistake" for the US to think negotiations would result in Iran scaling back its nuclear programme when sanctions and diplomatic pressure have not yielded results.But he warned that it would be a "mistake" for the US to think negotiations would result in Iran scaling back its nuclear programme when sanctions and diplomatic pressure have not yielded results.
Such a meeting would mark the first bilateral talks between ministers from the two countries since the United States cut relations in 1980.Such a meeting would mark the first bilateral talks between ministers from the two countries since the United States cut relations in 1980.
There has been little contact between them ever since the Iranian revolution and the seizure of the US embassy in Tehran in 1979.There has been little contact between them ever since the Iranian revolution and the seizure of the US embassy in Tehran in 1979.
Outside 'meddling'
But the open question is whether even holding direct talks will lead to America and Iran coming to any sort of agreement, says the BBC's Jonathan Beale, who is travelling with Ms Rice.But the open question is whether even holding direct talks will lead to America and Iran coming to any sort of agreement, says the BBC's Jonathan Beale, who is travelling with Ms Rice.
SUMMIT DELEGATIONS INCLUDE United StatesIranSyriaSaudi ArabiaRussiaChinaEuropean Union
The Bush administration still accuses Iran of meddling inside neighbouring Iraq - a charge Iran has strongly denied - and Washington refuses to discuss Iran's nuclear programme until Tehran suspends its uranium enrichment.The Bush administration still accuses Iran of meddling inside neighbouring Iraq - a charge Iran has strongly denied - and Washington refuses to discuss Iran's nuclear programme until Tehran suspends its uranium enrichment.
The US also charges Syria with allowing foreign fighters to enter Iraq through the long border between the two neighbours - something Damascus denies.The US also charges Syria with allowing foreign fighters to enter Iraq through the long border between the two neighbours - something Damascus denies.
A senior US diplomat said he was optimistic something positive would emerge from the presence of the American, Iranian and Syrian foreign ministers at the talks.
"That meeting will be important because Secretary Rice will be seated around a table with the Syrian foreign minister, and we hope and think with the Iranian foreign minister," said US Undersecretary of State Nicholas Burns.
Despite the invitation of Syria and Iran, there will still be notable absences, such as the leaders of the Shia militia who have not been invited, our correspondent adds.
International Compact
Friday's conference is preceded by Thursday's meeting attended by about 60 countries to endorse the UN-sponsored ICI plan.
"The goal of the International Compact with Iraq is not only to reduce Iraq's debt, but also to obtain support for the political and democratic process, as well as support in the battle against terrorism," Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri Maliki said.
The preparatory process on the ICI began last year at the initiative of the Iraqi government to establish a partnership with the international community.
This process has been co-chaired by Iraq and the UN through the UN special adviser on the ICI and other political issues, Ibrahim Gambari. It is supported by the World Bank.