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Russian ex-president Yeltsin dies | Russian ex-president Yeltsin dies |
(about 1 hour later) | |
Boris Yeltsin, who played a key role in the Soviet Union's demise and became Russia's first president, has died aged 76, the Kremlin says. | Boris Yeltsin, who played a key role in the Soviet Union's demise and became Russia's first president, has died aged 76, the Kremlin says. |
Mr Yeltsin - who had a history of heart trouble - died of heart failure in hospital at 1545 (1145 GMT). | Mr Yeltsin - who had a history of heart trouble - died of heart failure in hospital at 1545 (1145 GMT). |
He came to power after being promoted by former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, a man he then outmanoeuvred. | He came to power after being promoted by former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, a man he then outmanoeuvred. |
He won international acclaim as a defender of democracy when in August 1991 he mounted a tank in Moscow. | He won international acclaim as a defender of democracy when in August 1991 he mounted a tank in Moscow. |
In what became one of the defining moments of his career, Mr Yeltsin rallied the people against an attempt to overthrow Mr Gorbachev's era of glasnost and perestroika. | In what became one of the defining moments of his career, Mr Yeltsin rallied the people against an attempt to overthrow Mr Gorbachev's era of glasnost and perestroika. |
In another episode of high drama, two years later he ordered Russian tanks to fire on their own parliament in October 1993, when the building was occupied by hardline political opponents. | In another episode of high drama, two years later he ordered Russian tanks to fire on their own parliament in October 1993, when the building was occupied by hardline political opponents. |
YELTSIN KEY DATES July 1990: Resigns from Communist PartyJune 1991: Elected president of Russian republic (in USSR)August 1991: Rallies citizens against anti-Gorbachev coup, bans Russian communist partyDecember 1991: Takes over from Mikhail Gorbachev as head of state1992: Lifts price controls, launches privatisationOctober 1993: Russia on brink of civil war, Yeltsin orders tanks to fire at parliamentDecember 1994: Sends tanks into ChechnyaJune 1996: Re-elected as Russian president, suffers heart attack during campaign1998: Financial crisis, rouble loses 75% of its valueDecember 1999: Resigns, appoints Vladimir Putin successor Obituary of Yeltsin In quotes: Reaction to death | YELTSIN KEY DATES July 1990: Resigns from Communist PartyJune 1991: Elected president of Russian republic (in USSR)August 1991: Rallies citizens against anti-Gorbachev coup, bans Russian communist partyDecember 1991: Takes over from Mikhail Gorbachev as head of state1992: Lifts price controls, launches privatisationOctober 1993: Russia on brink of civil war, Yeltsin orders tanks to fire at parliamentDecember 1994: Sends tanks into ChechnyaJune 1996: Re-elected as Russian president, suffers heart attack during campaign1998: Financial crisis, rouble loses 75% of its valueDecember 1999: Resigns, appoints Vladimir Putin successor Obituary of Yeltsin In quotes: Reaction to death |
But Mr Yeltsin, who became Russia's first democratically-elected leader after Mr Gorbachev resigned in December 1991, saw his final years in office overshadowed by increasingly erratic behaviour and plummeting popularity as the economy suffered. | But Mr Yeltsin, who became Russia's first democratically-elected leader after Mr Gorbachev resigned in December 1991, saw his final years in office overshadowed by increasingly erratic behaviour and plummeting popularity as the economy suffered. |
Bouts of ill-health were accompanied by rumours of a drinking problem, exhibited most famously when Mr Yeltsin grabbed a conductor's baton in Berlin and, apparently inebriated, tried to sing along with the orchestra. | Bouts of ill-health were accompanied by rumours of a drinking problem, exhibited most famously when Mr Yeltsin grabbed a conductor's baton in Berlin and, apparently inebriated, tried to sing along with the orchestra. |
The BBC's diplomatic correspondent Bridget Kendall says despite his unpredictability, Boris Yeltsin remained a reliable Western ally, even when relations grew icy over Nato's military action against Yugoslavia in 1999. | The BBC's diplomatic correspondent Bridget Kendall says despite his unpredictability, Boris Yeltsin remained a reliable Western ally, even when relations grew icy over Nato's military action against Yugoslavia in 1999. |
He announced his retirement in the final hours of 1999, handing over to secret service chief Vladimir Putin. | |
Mr Yeltsin may have disappointed Russians by bringing them neither peace nor prosperity, our correspondent says. | Mr Yeltsin may have disappointed Russians by bringing them neither peace nor prosperity, our correspondent says. |
But, she adds, he did help end 70 years of Soviet Communism, and that, in the long run, is what he will probably be remembered for. | But, she adds, he did help end 70 years of Soviet Communism, and that, in the long run, is what he will probably be remembered for. |
Mr Gorbachev paid a mixed tribute to his successor, saying Mr Yeltsin was responsible for "many great deeds for the good of the country and serious mistakes", Russia's Interfax news agency reported. | Mr Gorbachev paid a mixed tribute to his successor, saying Mr Yeltsin was responsible for "many great deeds for the good of the country and serious mistakes", Russia's Interfax news agency reported. |
Mr Putin has telephoned Mr Yeltsin's widow, Naina, to express his condolences. | Mr Putin has telephoned Mr Yeltsin's widow, Naina, to express his condolences. |
The US White House praised Mr Yeltsin as an "historic figure during a time of great change and challenge for Russia". | The US White House praised Mr Yeltsin as an "historic figure during a time of great change and challenge for Russia". |
Chechen debacle | Chechen debacle |
Mr Yeltsin's eight years in power brought immense changes to Russia. | Mr Yeltsin's eight years in power brought immense changes to Russia. |
I cannot shift the blame for Chechnya... I made the decision, therefore I am responsible Boris Yeltsin He banned the Communist Party, introduced a new constitution which concentrated all real power in the hands of the president, and presided over Russia's troubled mass privatisation in the early 1990s. | I cannot shift the blame for Chechnya... I made the decision, therefore I am responsible Boris Yeltsin He banned the Communist Party, introduced a new constitution which concentrated all real power in the hands of the president, and presided over Russia's troubled mass privatisation in the early 1990s. |
The BBC's Russian affairs analyst, Steven Eke, says under the Yeltsin leadership, Russians were given greater political and civic freedoms than they had ever enjoyed. | The BBC's Russian affairs analyst, Steven Eke, says under the Yeltsin leadership, Russians were given greater political and civic freedoms than they had ever enjoyed. |
The media, especially television, were able to criticise the authorities, even the president, in a way they would no longer consider possible, he says. | The media, especially television, were able to criticise the authorities, even the president, in a way they would no longer consider possible, he says. |
But history may judge Mr Yeltsin's actions towards the rebellious region of Chechnya much more harshly, he adds. | But history may judge Mr Yeltsin's actions towards the rebellious region of Chechnya much more harshly, he adds. |
In 1994, Mr Yeltsin launched a disastrous large-scale military intervention in the breakaway republic, pledging to crush resistance in days. | In 1994, Mr Yeltsin launched a disastrous large-scale military intervention in the breakaway republic, pledging to crush resistance in days. |
Instead, a bloody war of attrition ensued, which left tens of thousands of people dead, and the north Caucasus permanently destabilised | Instead, a bloody war of attrition ensued, which left tens of thousands of people dead, and the north Caucasus permanently destabilised |
Speaking in an interview with Russian television in 2000, Mr Yeltsin said that he saw the lives lost in Chechnya as the biggest responsibility he had to bear. | Speaking in an interview with Russian television in 2000, Mr Yeltsin said that he saw the lives lost in Chechnya as the biggest responsibility he had to bear. |
But he added that there had been no alternative and that Russia had to act against Chechen separatists. | But he added that there had been no alternative and that Russia had to act against Chechen separatists. |
"I cannot shift the blame for Chechnya, for the sorrow of numerous mothers and fathers," he said. "I made the decision, therefore I am responsible." | "I cannot shift the blame for Chechnya, for the sorrow of numerous mothers and fathers," he said. "I made the decision, therefore I am responsible." |