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| Abortion election results: Kentucky poised for pro-choice win | Abortion election results: Kentucky poised for pro-choice win |
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| Five US states held votes specifically on abortion on Tuesday | Five US states held votes specifically on abortion on Tuesday |
| Abortion advocates in Kentucky are poised for an underdog victory, as the final votes are counted in a state referendum on an anti-abortion measure. The result here will follow three other pro-choice victories in this year's midterm elections: Vermont, Michigan and California have all enshrined the right to abortion in their constitution. | Abortion advocates in Kentucky are poised for an underdog victory, as the final votes are counted in a state referendum on an anti-abortion measure. The result here will follow three other pro-choice victories in this year's midterm elections: Vermont, Michigan and California have all enshrined the right to abortion in their constitution. |
| However, in Kentucky the expected result won't automatically reverse the state's current legislation, which almost entirely prohibits abortion. | However, in Kentucky the expected result won't automatically reverse the state's current legislation, which almost entirely prohibits abortion. |
| The wave of ballot initiatives - which were voted on alongside other midterm elections - comes in the wake of the June Supreme Court decision to overturn Roe v Wade, ending a national guarantee to abortion access. | The wave of ballot initiatives - which were voted on alongside other midterm elections - comes in the wake of the June Supreme Court decision to overturn Roe v Wade, ending a national guarantee to abortion access. |
| In a hotel ballroom in downtown Louisville, Kentucky's largest city, pro-choice advocates milled around, exchanging small talk and nervous smiles, the roomed flanked by bright yellow balloons, emblazoned with the words "Bans off our bodies". | In a hotel ballroom in downtown Louisville, Kentucky's largest city, pro-choice advocates milled around, exchanging small talk and nervous smiles, the roomed flanked by bright yellow balloons, emblazoned with the words "Bans off our bodies". |
| But soon after polls closed on Tuesday night, the mood began to shift. Party-goers danced and celebrated, voices raising slowly, until they reached a deafening cheer as vote projections were announced. It had become clear they were poised to win, defeating a ballot measure that would have explicitly removed abortion rights from Kentucky's constitution. | But soon after polls closed on Tuesday night, the mood began to shift. Party-goers danced and celebrated, voices raising slowly, until they reached a deafening cheer as vote projections were announced. It had become clear they were poised to win, defeating a ballot measure that would have explicitly removed abortion rights from Kentucky's constitution. |
| "Abortion is a winning issue," said Elizabeth Nash, a policy analyst with the Guttmacher Institute, a pro-choice research group. "Voters want people to have bodily autonomy and agency over their lives. That is pretty core to being an American." | "Abortion is a winning issue," said Elizabeth Nash, a policy analyst with the Guttmacher Institute, a pro-choice research group. "Voters want people to have bodily autonomy and agency over their lives. That is pretty core to being an American." |
| Kentucky's result will likely add to the pro-choice victories in Vermont, Michigan and California. | Kentucky's result will likely add to the pro-choice victories in Vermont, Michigan and California. |
| One more ballot initiative, in Montana, is yet to be called. Voters there were asked to decide on a so-called "born alive" measure that would penalise medical staff if they don't provide life-saving care to infants born at all stages of development, including in very rare cases when a live birth occurs after induced abortion. | |
| This is the highest number of ballot initiatives ever held on abortion in a single US election, following the Supreme Court's decision earlier this year to overturn Roe v Wade - ending the federal guarantee of abortion rights. | This is the highest number of ballot initiatives ever held on abortion in a single US election, following the Supreme Court's decision earlier this year to overturn Roe v Wade - ending the federal guarantee of abortion rights. |
| Now, 13 states ban abortion in most cases and others seriously restrict access. | Now, 13 states ban abortion in most cases and others seriously restrict access. |
| Combined, these five ballot initiatives may change abortion access for millions of people in America. They have also acted as tests of Americans' support for abortion rights, and the extreme bans that have come into place since the fall of Roe. | Combined, these five ballot initiatives may change abortion access for millions of people in America. They have also acted as tests of Americans' support for abortion rights, and the extreme bans that have come into place since the fall of Roe. |
| So far, at least, pro-choice advocates can claim a resounding victory. | So far, at least, pro-choice advocates can claim a resounding victory. |
| Across the country on Tuesday, one in four voters said abortion was their top issue when deciding how to vote, according to a Reuters exit poll. And according to Pew Research, 61% of Americans think that abortion should be legal in all or most cases. | Across the country on Tuesday, one in four voters said abortion was their top issue when deciding how to vote, according to a Reuters exit poll. And according to Pew Research, 61% of Americans think that abortion should be legal in all or most cases. |
| A rash of anti-abortion legislation has been passed in conservative states after Roe v Wade was overturned | A rash of anti-abortion legislation has been passed in conservative states after Roe v Wade was overturned |
| In Kentucky, returns as of 03:00 local time (08:00 GMT) suggested voters had said "no" to the addition of a single sentence to its constitution, which would have said specifically there was "nothing" in the constitution to protect abortion or fund the procedure. | In Kentucky, returns as of 03:00 local time (08:00 GMT) suggested voters had said "no" to the addition of a single sentence to its constitution, which would have said specifically there was "nothing" in the constitution to protect abortion or fund the procedure. |
| "This vote is really powerful proof that what we've known from research and polling is true: abortion is not political, it's not partisan", said Angela Vasquez-Giroux, head of communications at NARAL Pro-Choice America. "Most Americans see abortion as an extension of their personal freedom." | "This vote is really powerful proof that what we've known from research and polling is true: abortion is not political, it's not partisan", said Angela Vasquez-Giroux, head of communications at NARAL Pro-Choice America. "Most Americans see abortion as an extension of their personal freedom." |
| Taken together, the results from Vermont, Michigan, California - and likely Kentucky - will also be a significant blow to members of the anti-abortion movement, which has flooded state legislatures with abortion bans since the end of Roe. | Taken together, the results from Vermont, Michigan, California - and likely Kentucky - will also be a significant blow to members of the anti-abortion movement, which has flooded state legislatures with abortion bans since the end of Roe. |
| "Ballot initiatives are tricky, you have to educate voters on unique language - that language can be the death blow sometimes," said Kristan Hawkins, president of Students for Life of America - one of the largest anti-abortion organisations in the country. | "Ballot initiatives are tricky, you have to educate voters on unique language - that language can be the death blow sometimes," said Kristan Hawkins, president of Students for Life of America - one of the largest anti-abortion organisations in the country. |
| Ms Hawkins said her focus would stay on changing state laws, saying her "dream" legislation was that of Oklahoma - where abortion is effectively unavailable. | Ms Hawkins said her focus would stay on changing state laws, saying her "dream" legislation was that of Oklahoma - where abortion is effectively unavailable. |
| The pro-choice victory did not automatically reverse abortion bans that have gone into effect since the Supreme Court overturned Roe v Wade. In Kentucky, abortion remains almost entirely prohibited. | The pro-choice victory did not automatically reverse abortion bans that have gone into effect since the Supreme Court overturned Roe v Wade. In Kentucky, abortion remains almost entirely prohibited. |
| But a pro-choice vote will strengthen the case for looming legal challenges to the state's two bans. Next week, on 15 November, lawyers with Planned Parenthood and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) will be in court. | But a pro-choice vote will strengthen the case for looming legal challenges to the state's two bans. Next week, on 15 November, lawyers with Planned Parenthood and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) will be in court. |
| "This was step one in the process," said Amber Duke, director of the Kentucky ACLU. "We'll be in court next week, and this was a key piece for us to be able to keep up that fight." | "This was step one in the process," said Amber Duke, director of the Kentucky ACLU. "We'll be in court next week, and this was a key piece for us to be able to keep up that fight." |
| Like in Kansas - where a similar ballot initiative was emphatically defeated - the pro-choice campaign was an uphill battle. Kentucky is a solidly conservative state, where three-quarters of adults identify as Christian, nearly 50% Evangelical and 10% Catholic - two denominations that condemn abortion. | Like in Kansas - where a similar ballot initiative was emphatically defeated - the pro-choice campaign was an uphill battle. Kentucky is a solidly conservative state, where three-quarters of adults identify as Christian, nearly 50% Evangelical and 10% Catholic - two denominations that condemn abortion. |
| Anti-abortion Republican Rand Paul is projected to win his seat, and be re-elected, against Democratic challenge Charles Booker. | Anti-abortion Republican Rand Paul is projected to win his seat, and be re-elected, against Democratic challenge Charles Booker. |
| "It's kind of hard to ignore who our senators are, but they don't speak for all of us," said Erin Smith, Executive director of Kentucky Health Justice Network. "This is people's bodies." | "It's kind of hard to ignore who our senators are, but they don't speak for all of us," said Erin Smith, Executive director of Kentucky Health Justice Network. "This is people's bodies." |
| Kentucky's 'no' vote on the constitutional amendment is a major win for pro-choice advocates | Kentucky's 'no' vote on the constitutional amendment is a major win for pro-choice advocates |
| Photographs by Alexandra Ostasiewicz | Photographs by Alexandra Ostasiewicz |
| A simple guide to the midterms | A simple guide to the midterms |
| Who will win and what will they do? | Who will win and what will they do? |
| Americast: A history of US political violence | Americast: A history of US political violence |
| When will we know the results? | When will we know the results? |