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| BBC identifies young people killed in Iran’s protests | BBC identifies young people killed in Iran’s protests |
| (about 3 hours later) | |
| These are some of the teenagers and young people killed in protests sweeping across Iran - the boldest challenge to the Islamic Republic since its establishment, in 1979. | These are some of the teenagers and young people killed in protests sweeping across Iran - the boldest challenge to the Islamic Republic since its establishment, in 1979. |
| Iran's Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) estimates 222 people have been killed in or after the widespread demonstrations sparked by the death in custody of Mahsa Amini, 22, detained for allegedly breaking rules on headscarves. | Iran's Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) estimates 222 people have been killed in or after the widespread demonstrations sparked by the death in custody of Mahsa Amini, 22, detained for allegedly breaking rules on headscarves. |
| The authorities' strict control of information and independent reporting makes the number and identities of those killed hard to verify. | The authorities' strict control of information and independent reporting makes the number and identities of those killed hard to verify. |
| BBC News has used a variety of investigative techniques to name a total of 40 men, women and children who have died - many shot. | BBC News has used a variety of investigative techniques to name a total of 40 men, women and children who have died - many shot. |
| Women | Women |
| Almost all of the Islamic Republic's previous protests have been about the state of the economy. | Almost all of the Islamic Republic's previous protests have been about the state of the economy. |
| Now, in an unprecedented move, women, particularly young women, have taken to the streets - the slogan chanted at protests: "Woman. Life. Freedom." | Now, in an unprecedented move, women, particularly young women, have taken to the streets - the slogan chanted at protests: "Woman. Life. Freedom." |
| But the security services have cracked down - and some women have been shot. | But the security services have cracked down - and some women have been shot. |
| Nika Shakarmi and Sarina Esmailzadeh, both 16, were killed in capital Tehran and its surrounding area. | Nika Shakarmi and Sarina Esmailzadeh, both 16, were killed in capital Tehran and its surrounding area. |
| Ms Shakarmi went missing in Tehran, on 20 September, after telling a friend police officers were chasing her. A death certificate obtained by BBC Persia states she died after "multiple injuries caused by blows with a hard object". | Ms Shakarmi went missing in Tehran, on 20 September, after telling a friend police officers were chasing her. A death certificate obtained by BBC Persia states she died after "multiple injuries caused by blows with a hard object". |
| Human-rights groups say Ms Esmailzadeh, a YouTuber, died after being beaten by security forces armed with batons on 23 September. | Human-rights groups say Ms Esmailzadeh, a YouTuber, died after being beaten by security forces armed with batons on 23 September. |
| Mahsa Mougouyi, 18, died in Isfahan, central Iran. | Mahsa Mougouyi, 18, died in Isfahan, central Iran. |
| Women in their 20s and 30s have also been killed, as has Minoo Majidi, 62, in Kermanshah, western Iran. | Women in their 20s and 30s have also been killed, as has Minoo Majidi, 62, in Kermanshah, western Iran. |
| Schoolchildren | Schoolchildren |
| On the streets and in schools across Iran, young women and schoolgirls have been burning their mandatory headscarf - a direct challenge to the clerical establishment's ideology. | On the streets and in schools across Iran, young women and schoolgirls have been burning their mandatory headscarf - a direct challenge to the clerical establishment's ideology. |
| Girls who recorded and shared videos of themselves removing their headscarf in class have taken to the streets and become a key part of the movement, which is predominantly led by university students. | Girls who recorded and shared videos of themselves removing their headscarf in class have taken to the streets and become a key part of the movement, which is predominantly led by university students. |
| Such protests by high-school pupils are unprecedented. | Such protests by high-school pupils are unprecedented. |
| Schoolboy Amirhossein Basati, 15, the youngest pupil verified by BBC News, was killed in Kermanshah province, north-west Iran. | Schoolboy Amirhossein Basati, 15, the youngest pupil verified by BBC News, was killed in Kermanshah province, north-west Iran. |
| Human rights groups have identified others as young as 12. | Human rights groups have identified others as young as 12. |
| Zakaria Khial and Amin Marefat, both 16, died in West Azerbaijan, north-west Iran. | Zakaria Khial and Amin Marefat, both 16, died in West Azerbaijan, north-west Iran. |
| People from regions with high numbers belonging to ethnic minorities | People from regions with high numbers belonging to ethnic minorities |
| BBC News has confirmed deaths across the country but people belonging to ethnic minorities, who have long faced repression and political violence, have been targeted. | BBC News has confirmed deaths across the country but people belonging to ethnic minorities, who have long faced repression and political violence, have been targeted. |
| Mohammad Eghbal Naebzehi, 16, and Omid Safarzehi, 17, were killed, on 30 September, in Sistan Baluchistan province, in the south-east, home to many people from the Baluch ethnic group. | Mohammad Eghbal Naebzehi, 16, and Omid Safarzehi, 17, were killed, on 30 September, in Sistan Baluchistan province, in the south-east, home to many people from the Baluch ethnic group. |
| Amnesty International has accused Iranian authorities of killing dozens of people that day, firing live ammunition in a move that shocked the country. | |
| People identified by BBC News killed in areas with high numbers of Kurdish people, where tensions have been particularly high, include: | People identified by BBC News killed in areas with high numbers of Kurdish people, where tensions have been particularly high, include: |
| in Kermanshah, Reza Shahparnia, 20, and Saeed Mohammadi, 21 | in Kermanshah, Reza Shahparnia, 20, and Saeed Mohammadi, 21 |
| in Kurdistan province, western Iran, Reza Lotfi, in his 20s, Mohsen Mohammadi, 28, Fereydoun Mahmoudi, 32, and Foad Ghadimi, in his 40s | in Kurdistan province, western Iran, Reza Lotfi, in his 20s, Mohsen Mohammadi, 28, Fereydoun Mahmoudi, 32, and Foad Ghadimi, in his 40s |
| Ms Amini, who died in custody on 16 September, three days after her arrest, was an Iranian Kurd. | Ms Amini, who died in custody on 16 September, three days after her arrest, was an Iranian Kurd. |
| Members of the security forces | Members of the security forces |
| The government has denied killing "peaceful" protesters and said more than 20 security personnel have died. | The government has denied killing "peaceful" protesters and said more than 20 security personnel have died. |
| How BBC News identified the victims | How BBC News identified the victims |
| Information is heavily restricted in Iran. The internet is censored, regularly slowed down and even stopped. | Information is heavily restricted in Iran. The internet is censored, regularly slowed down and even stopped. |
| Journalists face prosecution for reporting facts that oppose the government view. | Journalists face prosecution for reporting facts that oppose the government view. |
| According to the International Federation of Journalists, 24 reporters have been arrested since the demonstrations began. | According to the International Federation of Journalists, 24 reporters have been arrested since the demonstrations began. |
| There is also a very strong online disinformation campaign run by the authorities to discredit organisations trying to find the truth. | There is also a very strong online disinformation campaign run by the authorities to discredit organisations trying to find the truth. |
| Journalists from the BBC Monitoring, Disinformation and Persian teams used names from trusted sources, including human-rights groups already verifying identities, and matched them to social-media posts from them or their family. | |
| They closely examined audio-visual material, such as images and footage of deaths, burials and funerals, and cross-referenced it with death certificates and official online records. | They closely examined audio-visual material, such as images and footage of deaths, burials and funerals, and cross-referenced it with death certificates and official online records. |
| Some of the families, under pressure not to speak to journalists, have also been contacted in confidence. | Some of the families, under pressure not to speak to journalists, have also been contacted in confidence. |
| Reporting by Kayvan Hosseini, Shayan Sardarizadeh and Nooshin Khavarzamin; production and visual journalism by Lucy Rodgers, Dominic Bailey and Rafael Chacon; graphics by Mark Bryson and Matt Thomas. | Reporting by Kayvan Hosseini, Shayan Sardarizadeh and Nooshin Khavarzamin; production and visual journalism by Lucy Rodgers, Dominic Bailey and Rafael Chacon; graphics by Mark Bryson and Matt Thomas. |