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Returning to Work on the Subway? Here’s What You Need to Know Returning to Work on the Subway? Here’s What You Need to Know
(1 day later)
When the coronavirus pandemic swept across New York City, over 90 percent of the subway’s 5.5 million daily riders abandoned the system — an icon of urban crowding turned into a symbol of the threat that a deadly virus posed.When the coronavirus pandemic swept across New York City, over 90 percent of the subway’s 5.5 million daily riders abandoned the system — an icon of urban crowding turned into a symbol of the threat that a deadly virus posed.
But now as some businesses begin to reopen Monday after nearly three months, and city life slowly rebounds, New Yorkers will trickle back to public transportation during their daily commutes.But now as some businesses begin to reopen Monday after nearly three months, and city life slowly rebounds, New Yorkers will trickle back to public transportation during their daily commutes.
Transit officials predict that as many as 15 percent of usual riders — or 825,000 people — are likely to ride the system during the first phase of the recovery, when manufacturing, construction and some retail businesses reopen.Transit officials predict that as many as 15 percent of usual riders — or 825,000 people — are likely to ride the system during the first phase of the recovery, when manufacturing, construction and some retail businesses reopen.
The agency expects just over two million riders will use public transportation in the next phase when professional services, offices, real estate firms and additional retailers return to work — which could be as early as the beginning of July — and nearly three million people will ride by the third phase as restaurants, bars and hotels reopen.The agency expects just over two million riders will use public transportation in the next phase when professional services, offices, real estate firms and additional retailers return to work — which could be as early as the beginning of July — and nearly three million people will ride by the third phase as restaurants, bars and hotels reopen.
On Friday, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, which runs the city’s subway, buses and two commuter rails, outlined a sweeping plan to protect public health, including ramping up service and requiring mask usage.On Friday, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, which runs the city’s subway, buses and two commuter rails, outlined a sweeping plan to protect public health, including ramping up service and requiring mask usage.
Still, as riders flock back, even transit officials say that the social-distancing practices New Yorkers have adopted in recent weeks to help overcome the outbreak will probably be impossible on subway cars and buses.Still, as riders flock back, even transit officials say that the social-distancing practices New Yorkers have adopted in recent weeks to help overcome the outbreak will probably be impossible on subway cars and buses.
“If you are going to reopen and you’re going to tell people to come back to work, you have to provide transportation for them,” said Sarah Feinberg, the interim president of New York City Transit. If six feet of distance between riders was mandated, “that means you can only serve a small percentage of your riders,” she added.“If you are going to reopen and you’re going to tell people to come back to work, you have to provide transportation for them,” said Sarah Feinberg, the interim president of New York City Transit. If six feet of distance between riders was mandated, “that means you can only serve a small percentage of your riders,” she added.
As you plan how to get to work in the midst of an ongoing public health crisis, here’s what you need to know:As you plan how to get to work in the midst of an ongoing public health crisis, here’s what you need to know:
Since the pandemic arrived in New York, public health experts have warned about the transmission risks involved in riding public transportation — a system built to carry large crowds of people in tightly packed, enclosed spaces.Since the pandemic arrived in New York, public health experts have warned about the transmission risks involved in riding public transportation — a system built to carry large crowds of people in tightly packed, enclosed spaces.
In recent weeks, the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released new guidance clarifying that the coronavirus does not spread easily on surfaces, like subway poles or seats.In recent weeks, the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released new guidance clarifying that the coronavirus does not spread easily on surfaces, like subway poles or seats.
But because subway cars are often crowded and poorly ventilated, they do pose a risk for spreading airborne droplets that can infect riders.But because subway cars are often crowded and poorly ventilated, they do pose a risk for spreading airborne droplets that can infect riders.
“If someone is infectious and is coughing and sneezing, and you don’t have ventilation, the concentration of that can build up over time,” said Joseph Gardner Allen, an assistant professor of exposure assessment science at Harvard University. “So you want to bring in more air to dilute that.”“If someone is infectious and is coughing and sneezing, and you don’t have ventilation, the concentration of that can build up over time,” said Joseph Gardner Allen, an assistant professor of exposure assessment science at Harvard University. “So you want to bring in more air to dilute that.”
The keys to mitigating the risk will be to reduce crowding, increase ventilation, expand disinfection regimens and ensure mask usage among riders. But achieving these goals will require a coordinated effort among transit and city officials, businesses and riders.The keys to mitigating the risk will be to reduce crowding, increase ventilation, expand disinfection regimens and ensure mask usage among riders. But achieving these goals will require a coordinated effort among transit and city officials, businesses and riders.
For instance, reducing congestion during peak hours requires that employers adjust workers’ schedules, the transit agency run as many trains as possible to expand capacity, city officials provide alternatives to the subway above ground and riders avoid taking the subway when possible.For instance, reducing congestion during peak hours requires that employers adjust workers’ schedules, the transit agency run as many trains as possible to expand capacity, city officials provide alternatives to the subway above ground and riders avoid taking the subway when possible.
The risks of riding can never be eliminated, but they can be somewhat reduced, experts say. In cities like Seoul, Berlin and Tokyo — where ridership on public transportation has begun to rebound to pre-pandemic levels — there have been no new spikes in coronavirus cases.The risks of riding can never be eliminated, but they can be somewhat reduced, experts say. In cities like Seoul, Berlin and Tokyo — where ridership on public transportation has begun to rebound to pre-pandemic levels — there have been no new spikes in coronavirus cases.
In preparation for an increase in riders, transit officials on Friday announced steps to encourage new riding etiquette and to increase service, which was reduced after ridership plummeted. The Tri-State Transportation Campaign, an advocacy group, plans to release similar recommendations this week.In preparation for an increase in riders, transit officials on Friday announced steps to encourage new riding etiquette and to increase service, which was reduced after ridership plummeted. The Tri-State Transportation Campaign, an advocacy group, plans to release similar recommendations this week.
“The steps that the M.T.A. outlined are in line with the science we are seeing right now,” said Nick Sifuentes, executive director of the Tri-State Transportation Campaign. “If the M.T.A. does what it is committing to, and riders do their part too, then we can keep transmission rates low even as we reopen.”“The steps that the M.T.A. outlined are in line with the science we are seeing right now,” said Nick Sifuentes, executive director of the Tri-State Transportation Campaign. “If the M.T.A. does what it is committing to, and riders do their part too, then we can keep transmission rates low even as we reopen.”
The subway will remain shut between 1 a.m. and 5 a.m. to allow for an intense cleaning and disinfection regimen that includes new ultraviolet technology..The subway will remain shut between 1 a.m. and 5 a.m. to allow for an intense cleaning and disinfection regimen that includes new ultraviolet technology..
Anyone riding the system is required by an executive order from Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo to wear a face mask, and additional police will be deployed to ensure compliance. The authority has also requested that riders who do not need to use the system to commute or travel to necessary appointments stay off the trains during crowded hours in the morning and afternoon.Anyone riding the system is required by an executive order from Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo to wear a face mask, and additional police will be deployed to ensure compliance. The authority has also requested that riders who do not need to use the system to commute or travel to necessary appointments stay off the trains during crowded hours in the morning and afternoon.
To increase capacity, the subway will return to regular weekday service from its current reduced schedule. Buses in Brooklyn, the Bronx, Queens and Staten Island will also return to regular weekday service, while those in Manhattan will ramp up to 75 percent of their usual service.To increase capacity, the subway will return to regular weekday service from its current reduced schedule. Buses in Brooklyn, the Bronx, Queens and Staten Island will also return to regular weekday service, while those in Manhattan will ramp up to 75 percent of their usual service.
On the commuter rails, Metro-North during peak hours will increase service to around 60 percent of its usual weekday schedule, while on the Long Island Railroad trains will run at 90 percent of normal service.On the commuter rails, Metro-North during peak hours will increase service to around 60 percent of its usual weekday schedule, while on the Long Island Railroad trains will run at 90 percent of normal service.
Updated June 30, 2020
Common symptoms include fever, a dry cough, fatigue and difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. Some of these symptoms overlap with those of the flu, making detection difficult, but runny noses and stuffy sinuses are less common. The C.D.C. has also added chills, muscle pain, sore throat, headache and a new loss of the sense of taste or smell as symptoms to look out for. Most people fall ill five to seven days after exposure, but symptoms may appear in as few as two days or as many as 14 days.
Scientists around the country have tried to identify everyday materials that do a good job of filtering microscopic particles. In recent tests, HEPA furnace filters scored high, as did vacuum cleaner bags, fabric similar to flannel pajamas and those of 600-count pillowcases. Other materials tested included layered coffee filters and scarves and bandannas. These scored lower, but still captured a small percentage of particles.
A commentary published this month on the website of the British Journal of Sports Medicine points out that covering your face during exercise “comes with issues of potential breathing restriction and discomfort” and requires “balancing benefits versus possible adverse events.” Masks do alter exercise, says Cedric X. Bryant, the president and chief science officer of the American Council on Exercise, a nonprofit organization that funds exercise research and certifies fitness professionals. “In my personal experience,” he says, “heart rates are higher at the same relative intensity when you wear a mask.” Some people also could experience lightheadedness during familiar workouts while masked, says Len Kravitz, a professor of exercise science at the University of New Mexico.
The steroid, dexamethasone, is the first treatment shown to reduce mortality in severely ill patients, according to scientists in Britain. The drug appears to reduce inflammation caused by the immune system, protecting the tissues. In the study, dexamethasone reduced deaths of patients on ventilators by one-third, and deaths of patients on oxygen by one-fifth.
The coronavirus emergency relief package gives many American workers paid leave if they need to take time off because of the virus. It gives qualified workers two weeks of paid sick leave if they are ill, quarantined or seeking diagnosis or preventive care for coronavirus, or if they are caring for sick family members. It gives 12 weeks of paid leave to people caring for children whose schools are closed or whose child care provider is unavailable because of the coronavirus. It is the first time the United States has had widespread federally mandated paid leave, and includes people who don’t typically get such benefits, like part-time and gig economy workers. But the measure excludes at least half of private-sector workers, including those at the country’s largest employers, and gives small employers significant leeway to deny leave.
So far, the evidence seems to show it does. A widely cited paper published in April suggests that people are most infectious about two days before the onset of coronavirus symptoms and estimated that 44 percent of new infections were a result of transmission from people who were not yet showing symptoms. Recently, a top expert at the World Health Organization stated that transmission of the coronavirus by people who did not have symptoms was “very rare,” but she later walked back that statement.
Touching contaminated objects and then infecting ourselves with the germs is not typically how the virus spreads. But it can happen. A number of studies of flu, rhinovirus, coronavirus and other microbes have shown that respiratory illnesses, including the new coronavirus, can spread by touching contaminated surfaces, particularly in places like day care centers, offices and hospitals. But a long chain of events has to happen for the disease to spread that way. The best way to protect yourself from coronavirus — whether it’s surface transmission or close human contact — is still social distancing, washing your hands, not touching your face and wearing masks.
A study by European scientists is the first to document a strong statistical link between genetic variations and Covid-19, the illness caused by the coronavirus. Having Type A blood was linked to a 50 percent increase in the likelihood that a patient would need to get oxygen or to go on a ventilator, according to the new study.
The unemployment rate fell to 13.3 percent in May, the Labor Department said on June 5, an unexpected improvement in the nation’s job market as hiring rebounded faster than economists expected. Economists had forecast the unemployment rate to increase to as much as 20 percent, after it hit 14.7 percent in April, which was the highest since the government began keeping official statistics after World War II. But the unemployment rate dipped instead, with employers adding 2.5 million jobs, after more than 20 million jobs were lost in April.
If air travel is unavoidable, there are some steps you can take to protect yourself. Most important: Wash your hands often, and stop touching your face. If possible, choose a window seat. A study from Emory University found that during flu season, the safest place to sit on a plane is by a window, as people sitting in window seats had less contact with potentially sick people. Disinfect hard surfaces. When you get to your seat and your hands are clean, use disinfecting wipes to clean the hard surfaces at your seat like the head and arm rest, the seatbelt buckle, the remote, screen, seat back pocket and the tray table. If the seat is hard and nonporous or leather or pleather, you can wipe that down, too. (Using wipes on upholstered seats could lead to a wet seat and spreading of germs rather than killing them.)
If you’ve been exposed to the coronavirus or think you have, and have a fever or symptoms like a cough or difficulty breathing, call a doctor. They should give you advice on whether you should be tested, how to get tested, and how to seek medical treatment without potentially infecting or exposing others.
The M.T.A. is sending transit workers out across the subway system to report overcrowding in real time — information that they will provide to riders on a new data dashboard on the agency’s website.The M.T.A. is sending transit workers out across the subway system to report overcrowding in real time — information that they will provide to riders on a new data dashboard on the agency’s website.
In some stations, floor marking and wall decals have also been placed to encourage social distancing. Hand sanitizing stations and mask vending machines are also being rolled out across the system, as is a pilot to test new air filters that can kill microbes, officials said.In some stations, floor marking and wall decals have also been placed to encourage social distancing. Hand sanitizing stations and mask vending machines are also being rolled out across the system, as is a pilot to test new air filters that can kill microbes, officials said.
To reduce overcrowding during peak hours, the agency has requested that major employers allow flexible start times for employees who must return to work, though the M.T.A. does not have the authority to mandate this.To reduce overcrowding during peak hours, the agency has requested that major employers allow flexible start times for employees who must return to work, though the M.T.A. does not have the authority to mandate this.
The M.T.A. has also urged Mayor Bill de Blasio to add 60 miles of bus lanes — a 42 percent increase from the existing 144 miles — and step up enforcement to keep bus lanes clear in order to expand service and offer subway riders a viable alternative to the train.The M.T.A. has also urged Mayor Bill de Blasio to add 60 miles of bus lanes — a 42 percent increase from the existing 144 miles — and step up enforcement to keep bus lanes clear in order to expand service and offer subway riders a viable alternative to the train.
While the transit agency bolsters the protections it can provide, public health experts recommend that those who ride public transportation adhere to the guidelines that have been repeated for all daily activities in recent weeks: wear a mask, do not touch your face and wash your hands as soon as possible after leaving the subway or a bus.While the transit agency bolsters the protections it can provide, public health experts recommend that those who ride public transportation adhere to the guidelines that have been repeated for all daily activities in recent weeks: wear a mask, do not touch your face and wash your hands as soon as possible after leaving the subway or a bus.
In stations, riders should walk to the areas of the platform that are the least crowded, board train cars that appear the most empty and plan extra time for their commute so that they can wait for an empty train if the first one to arrive is packed, experts say.In stations, riders should walk to the areas of the platform that are the least crowded, board train cars that appear the most empty and plan extra time for their commute so that they can wait for an empty train if the first one to arrive is packed, experts say.
Riders should try to avoid touching poles by leaning against a wall or placing their feet apart to balance themselves. If you have to touch a subway pole, place a disinfectant wipe between your hand and the pole, advised Dr. Robyn Gershon, a professor of epidemiology at New York University’s School of Global Public Health.Riders should try to avoid touching poles by leaning against a wall or placing their feet apart to balance themselves. If you have to touch a subway pole, place a disinfectant wipe between your hand and the pole, advised Dr. Robyn Gershon, a professor of epidemiology at New York University’s School of Global Public Health.
“Once you start handling stuff, you could inadvertently contaminate,” said Dr. Gershon, who discouraged wearing gloves.“Once you start handling stuff, you could inadvertently contaminate,” said Dr. Gershon, who discouraged wearing gloves.
“Gloves get easily contaminated, and then you might touch your phone or MetroCard and it gets contaminated,” she said. Though surface transmission is not the main way the virus spreads, if you then touch your eye or touch your phone again without gloves on there is still a chance you might become infected.“Gloves get easily contaminated, and then you might touch your phone or MetroCard and it gets contaminated,” she said. Though surface transmission is not the main way the virus spreads, if you then touch your eye or touch your phone again without gloves on there is still a chance you might become infected.
Instead, she says riders should carry hand sanitizer and wash their hands as soon as possible once they leave the system.Instead, she says riders should carry hand sanitizer and wash their hands as soon as possible once they leave the system.
Commuters should also think about using alternative modes of transportation — preferably those that keep them outside where the risk of transmission is lower than indoors.Commuters should also think about using alternative modes of transportation — preferably those that keep them outside where the risk of transmission is lower than indoors.
“I would recommend thinking about alternatives that are feasible and realistic, especially active modes like walking or biking that are outdoors and means avoiding being in an enclosed crowded space,” said Krystal Pollitt, an assistant professor of epidemiology at the Yale School of Public Health.“I would recommend thinking about alternatives that are feasible and realistic, especially active modes like walking or biking that are outdoors and means avoiding being in an enclosed crowded space,” said Krystal Pollitt, an assistant professor of epidemiology at the Yale School of Public Health.