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Trump Vows Vaccine by End of Year, and Mobilizes Military to Help Trump Vows Vaccine by End of Year, and Mobilizes Military to Help
(8 days later)
President Trump doubled down on Friday on his promise to have a coronavirus vaccine available by the end of this year, betting that he can rally the pharmaceutical industry and the government to have one available to nearly all Americans at a speed never before accomplished.President Trump doubled down on Friday on his promise to have a coronavirus vaccine available by the end of this year, betting that he can rally the pharmaceutical industry and the government to have one available to nearly all Americans at a speed never before accomplished.
He made his pledge after the government’s senior medical leadership warned repeatedly this week that there was no assurance a safe vaccine would be available as fast as promised by the president, or even for years.He made his pledge after the government’s senior medical leadership warned repeatedly this week that there was no assurance a safe vaccine would be available as fast as promised by the president, or even for years.
And the president’s credibility on the issue has been clouded by months of overpromising, exaggerating and misleading about other elements of his response to the pandemic, including the availability of testing and the potential of unproven treatments.And the president’s credibility on the issue has been clouded by months of overpromising, exaggerating and misleading about other elements of his response to the pandemic, including the availability of testing and the potential of unproven treatments.
With the nation emerging from two months of lockdown, the economy in near-Depression-level crisis and his re-election prospects at stake, Mr. Trump cast the rapid development of a vaccine as an important, but not essential, component of returning to normalcy.With the nation emerging from two months of lockdown, the economy in near-Depression-level crisis and his re-election prospects at stake, Mr. Trump cast the rapid development of a vaccine as an important, but not essential, component of returning to normalcy.
“Vaccine or no vaccine, we’re back and we’re starting the process,” he said during an appearance in the Rose Garden.“Vaccine or no vaccine, we’re back and we’re starting the process,” he said during an appearance in the Rose Garden.
He introduced a longtime pharmaceutical executive and a four-star general to lead a national effort that he compared in size and speed to the Manhattan Project, the race 75 years ago to build the first atomic bomb.He introduced a longtime pharmaceutical executive and a four-star general to lead a national effort that he compared in size and speed to the Manhattan Project, the race 75 years ago to build the first atomic bomb.
The new chief of what Mr. Trump calls Operation Warp Speed, Moncef Slaoui, a former chairman of vaccines at GlaxoSmithKline, called Mr. Trump’s goal “very credible,” even though the fastest a new vaccine has been developed and distributed is four years and most have taken considerably longer.The new chief of what Mr. Trump calls Operation Warp Speed, Moncef Slaoui, a former chairman of vaccines at GlaxoSmithKline, called Mr. Trump’s goal “very credible,” even though the fastest a new vaccine has been developed and distributed is four years and most have taken considerably longer.
Dr. Slaoui, now a venture capitalist, said that he had “recently seen early data from a clinical trial with a coronavirus vaccine, and these data made me feel even more confident that we will be able to deliver a few hundred million doses of vaccine” — enough to inoculate much of the United States — “by the end of 2020.”Dr. Slaoui, now a venture capitalist, said that he had “recently seen early data from a clinical trial with a coronavirus vaccine, and these data made me feel even more confident that we will be able to deliver a few hundred million doses of vaccine” — enough to inoculate much of the United States — “by the end of 2020.”
He did not identify which vaccine he was referring to, but until Friday, when he resigned to take on the new job with the White House, Dr. Slaoui served on the board of Moderna, a biotechnology company that has an experimental coronavirus vaccine that just entered Phase 2 of clinical trials to determine if it is effective.He did not identify which vaccine he was referring to, but until Friday, when he resigned to take on the new job with the White House, Dr. Slaoui served on the board of Moderna, a biotechnology company that has an experimental coronavirus vaccine that just entered Phase 2 of clinical trials to determine if it is effective.
As the chairman of the Moderna board’s product development committee, Dr. Slaoui might have been privy to the early indications of tests of whether the company’s approach appeared promising, now that it is being injected into human subjects.As the chairman of the Moderna board’s product development committee, Dr. Slaoui might have been privy to the early indications of tests of whether the company’s approach appeared promising, now that it is being injected into human subjects.
Mr. Trump said the government was already moving to ensure sufficient manufacturing capacity to produce any vaccine that is developed and to produce the hundreds of millions of glass vials and syringes needed to hold and inject it. And he said the government would call on the military’s logistics skills to distribute any eventual vaccine as quickly as possible.Mr. Trump said the government was already moving to ensure sufficient manufacturing capacity to produce any vaccine that is developed and to produce the hundreds of millions of glass vials and syringes needed to hold and inject it. And he said the government would call on the military’s logistics skills to distribute any eventual vaccine as quickly as possible.
“That means they better come up with a good vaccine, because we are ready to deliver it,” he said. “This will eliminate any unnecessary delay and enable us to begin providing Americans with a proven vaccine the day our scientists say, ‘We are ready, we’ve got it.’”“That means they better come up with a good vaccine, because we are ready to deliver it,” he said. “This will eliminate any unnecessary delay and enable us to begin providing Americans with a proven vaccine the day our scientists say, ‘We are ready, we’ve got it.’”
Mr. Trump, who during the 2016 campaign repeatedly questioned the use of vaccines, also seemed to acknowledge for the first time that the antivaccine movement could hamper the effort to fully immunize the United States against the coronavirus.Mr. Trump, who during the 2016 campaign repeatedly questioned the use of vaccines, also seemed to acknowledge for the first time that the antivaccine movement could hamper the effort to fully immunize the United States against the coronavirus.
“We are looking for a full vaccine for everyone that wants to get it,” he said when pressed on the timing and whether it would be available by January to all Americans or only to those judged to need it on an emergency basis. “Not everybody’s going to want to get it.”“We are looking for a full vaccine for everyone that wants to get it,” he said when pressed on the timing and whether it would be available by January to all Americans or only to those judged to need it on an emergency basis. “Not everybody’s going to want to get it.”
The president also insisted that even if the United States did not win the race for a vaccine — Chinese and British entries are also in clinical trials — he believed the world would set aside profits and nationalistic instincts to share the most successful approach.The president also insisted that even if the United States did not win the race for a vaccine — Chinese and British entries are also in clinical trials — he believed the world would set aside profits and nationalistic instincts to share the most successful approach.
“We have no ego,’’ said Mr. Trump, who only two months ago tried to persuade a German firm to move its vaccine research to the United States. “Whoever gets it, we think it’s great and we’re going to work with them and they are going to work with us.”“We have no ego,’’ said Mr. Trump, who only two months ago tried to persuade a German firm to move its vaccine research to the United States. “Whoever gets it, we think it’s great and we’re going to work with them and they are going to work with us.”
Even China would share its findings, he said with confidence — though if China’s vaccine effort advances, its Phase 2 clinical trials will almost certainly take place inside China. Similarly, the United States would most likely prioritize initial distribution to its own citizens, as suggested by Mr. Trump’s reference to the military’s role.Even China would share its findings, he said with confidence — though if China’s vaccine effort advances, its Phase 2 clinical trials will almost certainly take place inside China. Similarly, the United States would most likely prioritize initial distribution to its own citizens, as suggested by Mr. Trump’s reference to the military’s role.
President Emanuel Macron of France said this week that he would call in executives of Sanofi, a major pharmaceutical firm, after its chief executive told Bloomberg News that the United States “has the right to the largest preorder because it’s invested in taking the risk” on new vaccines.President Emanuel Macron of France said this week that he would call in executives of Sanofi, a major pharmaceutical firm, after its chief executive told Bloomberg News that the United States “has the right to the largest preorder because it’s invested in taking the risk” on new vaccines.
In an interview, Dr. Slaoui called having a safe and effective vaccine in widespread distribution within 12 to 18 months of when work started at the beginning of the year to be “a very aggressive timeline” but said he was undaunted by Mr. Trump’s goal.In an interview, Dr. Slaoui called having a safe and effective vaccine in widespread distribution within 12 to 18 months of when work started at the beginning of the year to be “a very aggressive timeline” but said he was undaunted by Mr. Trump’s goal.
“I would not have committed unless I thought it was achievable,” Mr. Slaoui said on Thursday, adding that he told the president that when they met for the first time a day earlier and Mr. Trump asked if the goal was realistic.“I would not have committed unless I thought it was achievable,” Mr. Slaoui said on Thursday, adding that he told the president that when they met for the first time a day earlier and Mr. Trump asked if the goal was realistic.
Mr. Slaoui will serve as the chief adviser on the effort, and Gen. Gustave F. Perna, a four-star general who is in charge the Army Matériel Command, will be the chief operating officer.Mr. Slaoui will serve as the chief adviser on the effort, and Gen. Gustave F. Perna, a four-star general who is in charge the Army Matériel Command, will be the chief operating officer.
Mr. Slaoui said he discussed the job with Jared Kushner, the president’s son-in-law and senior adviser, who had been searching for a so-called czar for therapeutics and vaccine development, and Dr. Deborah L. Birx, the White House’s coronavirus response coordinator.Mr. Slaoui said he discussed the job with Jared Kushner, the president’s son-in-law and senior adviser, who had been searching for a so-called czar for therapeutics and vaccine development, and Dr. Deborah L. Birx, the White House’s coronavirus response coordinator.
General Perna, who runs the Army’s complex supply chain, said that he was asked by Gen. Mark A. Milley, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, to help run the manufacturing logistics related to the vaccine development. Beyond the vaccine itself, there are also substantial challenges in ensuring adequate capacity of the supplies needed to distribute and administer it, starting with the special glass in which vaccine doses are transported.General Perna, who runs the Army’s complex supply chain, said that he was asked by Gen. Mark A. Milley, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, to help run the manufacturing logistics related to the vaccine development. Beyond the vaccine itself, there are also substantial challenges in ensuring adequate capacity of the supplies needed to distribute and administer it, starting with the special glass in which vaccine doses are transported.
Mr. Slaoui and General Perna met for the first time on Wednesday, and they have been in frequent contact since then, the general said in a separate interview. They will have offices in the Department of Health and Human Services, where the secretary, Alex M. Azar II, helped develop Operation Warp Speed at the president’s request.Mr. Slaoui and General Perna met for the first time on Wednesday, and they have been in frequent contact since then, the general said in a separate interview. They will have offices in the Department of Health and Human Services, where the secretary, Alex M. Azar II, helped develop Operation Warp Speed at the president’s request.
Most questions about how the program will work remain unanswered, including its cost, whether the Defense Production Act will be used to impel companies to produce a vaccine developed by a different firm, or whether particular groups may get access to initial doses.Most questions about how the program will work remain unanswered, including its cost, whether the Defense Production Act will be used to impel companies to produce a vaccine developed by a different firm, or whether particular groups may get access to initial doses.
Updated June 24, 2020 Updated June 30, 2020
Common symptoms include fever, a dry cough, fatigue and difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. Some of these symptoms overlap with those of the flu, making detection difficult, but runny noses and stuffy sinuses are less common. The C.D.C. has also added chills, muscle pain, sore throat, headache and a new loss of the sense of taste or smell as symptoms to look out for. Most people fall ill five to seven days after exposure, but symptoms may appear in as few as two days or as many as 14 days.
Scientists around the country have tried to identify everyday materials that do a good job of filtering microscopic particles. In recent tests, HEPA furnace filters scored high, as did vacuum cleaner bags, fabric similar to flannel pajamas and those of 600-count pillowcases. Other materials tested included layered coffee filters and scarves and bandannas. These scored lower, but still captured a small percentage of particles.Scientists around the country have tried to identify everyday materials that do a good job of filtering microscopic particles. In recent tests, HEPA furnace filters scored high, as did vacuum cleaner bags, fabric similar to flannel pajamas and those of 600-count pillowcases. Other materials tested included layered coffee filters and scarves and bandannas. These scored lower, but still captured a small percentage of particles.
A commentary published this month on the website of the British Journal of Sports Medicine points out that covering your face during exercise “comes with issues of potential breathing restriction and discomfort” and requires “balancing benefits versus possible adverse events.” Masks do alter exercise, says Cedric X. Bryant, the president and chief science officer of the American Council on Exercise, a nonprofit organization that funds exercise research and certifies fitness professionals. “In my personal experience,” he says, “heart rates are higher at the same relative intensity when you wear a mask.” Some people also could experience lightheadedness during familiar workouts while masked, says Len Kravitz, a professor of exercise science at the University of New Mexico.A commentary published this month on the website of the British Journal of Sports Medicine points out that covering your face during exercise “comes with issues of potential breathing restriction and discomfort” and requires “balancing benefits versus possible adverse events.” Masks do alter exercise, says Cedric X. Bryant, the president and chief science officer of the American Council on Exercise, a nonprofit organization that funds exercise research and certifies fitness professionals. “In my personal experience,” he says, “heart rates are higher at the same relative intensity when you wear a mask.” Some people also could experience lightheadedness during familiar workouts while masked, says Len Kravitz, a professor of exercise science at the University of New Mexico.
The steroid, dexamethasone, is the first treatment shown to reduce mortality in severely ill patients, according to scientists in Britain. The drug appears to reduce inflammation caused by the immune system, protecting the tissues. In the study, dexamethasone reduced deaths of patients on ventilators by one-third, and deaths of patients on oxygen by one-fifth.The steroid, dexamethasone, is the first treatment shown to reduce mortality in severely ill patients, according to scientists in Britain. The drug appears to reduce inflammation caused by the immune system, protecting the tissues. In the study, dexamethasone reduced deaths of patients on ventilators by one-third, and deaths of patients on oxygen by one-fifth.
The coronavirus emergency relief package gives many American workers paid leave if they need to take time off because of the virus. It gives qualified workers two weeks of paid sick leave if they are ill, quarantined or seeking diagnosis or preventive care for coronavirus, or if they are caring for sick family members. It gives 12 weeks of paid leave to people caring for children whose schools are closed or whose child care provider is unavailable because of the coronavirus. It is the first time the United States has had widespread federally mandated paid leave, and includes people who don’t typically get such benefits, like part-time and gig economy workers. But the measure excludes at least half of private-sector workers, including those at the country’s largest employers, and gives small employers significant leeway to deny leave.The coronavirus emergency relief package gives many American workers paid leave if they need to take time off because of the virus. It gives qualified workers two weeks of paid sick leave if they are ill, quarantined or seeking diagnosis or preventive care for coronavirus, or if they are caring for sick family members. It gives 12 weeks of paid leave to people caring for children whose schools are closed or whose child care provider is unavailable because of the coronavirus. It is the first time the United States has had widespread federally mandated paid leave, and includes people who don’t typically get such benefits, like part-time and gig economy workers. But the measure excludes at least half of private-sector workers, including those at the country’s largest employers, and gives small employers significant leeway to deny leave.
So far, the evidence seems to show it does. A widely cited paper published in April suggests that people are most infectious about two days before the onset of coronavirus symptoms and estimated that 44 percent of new infections were a result of transmission from people who were not yet showing symptoms. Recently, a top expert at the World Health Organization stated that transmission of the coronavirus by people who did not have symptoms was “very rare,” but she later walked back that statement.So far, the evidence seems to show it does. A widely cited paper published in April suggests that people are most infectious about two days before the onset of coronavirus symptoms and estimated that 44 percent of new infections were a result of transmission from people who were not yet showing symptoms. Recently, a top expert at the World Health Organization stated that transmission of the coronavirus by people who did not have symptoms was “very rare,” but she later walked back that statement.
Touching contaminated objects and then infecting ourselves with the germs is not typically how the virus spreads. But it can happen. A number of studies of flu, rhinovirus, coronavirus and other microbes have shown that respiratory illnesses, including the new coronavirus, can spread by touching contaminated surfaces, particularly in places like day care centers, offices and hospitals. But a long chain of events has to happen for the disease to spread that way. The best way to protect yourself from coronavirus — whether it’s surface transmission or close human contact — is still social distancing, washing your hands, not touching your face and wearing masks.Touching contaminated objects and then infecting ourselves with the germs is not typically how the virus spreads. But it can happen. A number of studies of flu, rhinovirus, coronavirus and other microbes have shown that respiratory illnesses, including the new coronavirus, can spread by touching contaminated surfaces, particularly in places like day care centers, offices and hospitals. But a long chain of events has to happen for the disease to spread that way. The best way to protect yourself from coronavirus — whether it’s surface transmission or close human contact — is still social distancing, washing your hands, not touching your face and wearing masks.
A study by European scientists is the first to document a strong statistical link between genetic variations and Covid-19, the illness caused by the coronavirus. Having Type A blood was linked to a 50 percent increase in the likelihood that a patient would need to get oxygen or to go on a ventilator, according to the new study.A study by European scientists is the first to document a strong statistical link between genetic variations and Covid-19, the illness caused by the coronavirus. Having Type A blood was linked to a 50 percent increase in the likelihood that a patient would need to get oxygen or to go on a ventilator, according to the new study.
The unemployment rate fell to 13.3 percent in May, the Labor Department said on June 5, an unexpected improvement in the nation’s job market as hiring rebounded faster than economists expected. Economists had forecast the unemployment rate to increase to as much as 20 percent, after it hit 14.7 percent in April, which was the highest since the government began keeping official statistics after World War II. But the unemployment rate dipped instead, with employers adding 2.5 million jobs, after more than 20 million jobs were lost in April.The unemployment rate fell to 13.3 percent in May, the Labor Department said on June 5, an unexpected improvement in the nation’s job market as hiring rebounded faster than economists expected. Economists had forecast the unemployment rate to increase to as much as 20 percent, after it hit 14.7 percent in April, which was the highest since the government began keeping official statistics after World War II. But the unemployment rate dipped instead, with employers adding 2.5 million jobs, after more than 20 million jobs were lost in April.
Common symptoms include fever, a dry cough, fatigue and difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. Some of these symptoms overlap with those of the flu, making detection difficult, but runny noses and stuffy sinuses are less common. The C.D.C. has also added chills, muscle pain, sore throat, headache and a new loss of the sense of taste or smell as symptoms to look out for. Most people fall ill five to seven days after exposure, but symptoms may appear in as few as two days or as many as 14 days.
If air travel is unavoidable, there are some steps you can take to protect yourself. Most important: Wash your hands often, and stop touching your face. If possible, choose a window seat. A study from Emory University found that during flu season, the safest place to sit on a plane is by a window, as people sitting in window seats had less contact with potentially sick people. Disinfect hard surfaces. When you get to your seat and your hands are clean, use disinfecting wipes to clean the hard surfaces at your seat like the head and arm rest, the seatbelt buckle, the remote, screen, seat back pocket and the tray table. If the seat is hard and nonporous or leather or pleather, you can wipe that down, too. (Using wipes on upholstered seats could lead to a wet seat and spreading of germs rather than killing them.)If air travel is unavoidable, there are some steps you can take to protect yourself. Most important: Wash your hands often, and stop touching your face. If possible, choose a window seat. A study from Emory University found that during flu season, the safest place to sit on a plane is by a window, as people sitting in window seats had less contact with potentially sick people. Disinfect hard surfaces. When you get to your seat and your hands are clean, use disinfecting wipes to clean the hard surfaces at your seat like the head and arm rest, the seatbelt buckle, the remote, screen, seat back pocket and the tray table. If the seat is hard and nonporous or leather or pleather, you can wipe that down, too. (Using wipes on upholstered seats could lead to a wet seat and spreading of germs rather than killing them.)
If you’ve been exposed to the coronavirus or think you have, and have a fever or symptoms like a cough or difficulty breathing, call a doctor. They should give you advice on whether you should be tested, how to get tested, and how to seek medical treatment without potentially infecting or exposing others.If you’ve been exposed to the coronavirus or think you have, and have a fever or symptoms like a cough or difficulty breathing, call a doctor. They should give you advice on whether you should be tested, how to get tested, and how to seek medical treatment without potentially infecting or exposing others.
But public health experts said that the program was perhaps the only way to keep the United States on a brisk timeline in a health crisis as complex as the coronavirus pandemic.But public health experts said that the program was perhaps the only way to keep the United States on a brisk timeline in a health crisis as complex as the coronavirus pandemic.
“There may be no other way to do this other than through the government,” said Dr. Amesh Adalja, an infectious disease physician and senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Health Security. “Vaccine development has been plagued with economic difficulties that have gotten vaccine manufacturers out of the business.”“There may be no other way to do this other than through the government,” said Dr. Amesh Adalja, an infectious disease physician and senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Health Security. “Vaccine development has been plagued with economic difficulties that have gotten vaccine manufacturers out of the business.”
Dr. Stephen M. Hahn, the commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration, said at a Senate hearing on Tuesday that his agency would evaluate about 10 vaccine candidates in early studies, and then select four or five to progress into larger studies in humans. Dr. Slaoui said that the goal will be to get “three or four” vaccines to large, late-stage trials, called Phase 3.Dr. Stephen M. Hahn, the commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration, said at a Senate hearing on Tuesday that his agency would evaluate about 10 vaccine candidates in early studies, and then select four or five to progress into larger studies in humans. Dr. Slaoui said that the goal will be to get “three or four” vaccines to large, late-stage trials, called Phase 3.
Several experimental vaccines are already being tested in humans, including the one being pursued by Moderna. Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, the government’s top epidemiologist, told lawmakers on Tuesday that his institute, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, was heavily involved in the Moderna project.Several experimental vaccines are already being tested in humans, including the one being pursued by Moderna. Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, the government’s top epidemiologist, told lawmakers on Tuesday that his institute, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, was heavily involved in the Moderna project.
Scientists hope that several of the vaccines will be successful, and for different parts of the population. But even if a vaccine candidate shows promise this year, producing one for hundreds of millions of people in the United States alone will be daunting.Scientists hope that several of the vaccines will be successful, and for different parts of the population. But even if a vaccine candidate shows promise this year, producing one for hundreds of millions of people in the United States alone will be daunting.
“If there’s only a small amount of vaccine, a million or 100,000 doses, there will be very difficult decisions about who gets the vaccine first,” said Dan H. Barouch, the director of the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and a professor at Harvard Medical School who is also working with Johnson & Johnson on its coronavirus vaccine. “Is it high-risk people, different racial groups, different socioeconomic groups? Those discussions will be difficult.”“If there’s only a small amount of vaccine, a million or 100,000 doses, there will be very difficult decisions about who gets the vaccine first,” said Dan H. Barouch, the director of the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and a professor at Harvard Medical School who is also working with Johnson & Johnson on its coronavirus vaccine. “Is it high-risk people, different racial groups, different socioeconomic groups? Those discussions will be difficult.”
The Pentagon will be heavily involved in the Warp Speed effort, in the hope that it will facilitate fast distribution of a vaccine if one is deemed successful.The Pentagon will be heavily involved in the Warp Speed effort, in the hope that it will facilitate fast distribution of a vaccine if one is deemed successful.
“The Department of Defense is going to be putting resources that are unheard-of in any industry setting, in any private company setting, behind the process, development, and manufacturing and distribution of the vaccine,” Dr. Slaoui said.“The Department of Defense is going to be putting resources that are unheard-of in any industry setting, in any private company setting, behind the process, development, and manufacturing and distribution of the vaccine,” Dr. Slaoui said.
General Perna said he had been preparing to retire on July 1 after 37 years of active duty, but agreed to be part of the effort and echoed Mr. Trump in describing what he saw as his mission.General Perna said he had been preparing to retire on July 1 after 37 years of active duty, but agreed to be part of the effort and echoed Mr. Trump in describing what he saw as his mission.
“I believe that we’re at war with this virus, and when you’re at war, then you have to win,” he said.“I believe that we’re at war with this virus, and when you’re at war, then you have to win,” he said.
But Dr. Adalja said that for a vaccine to be ready by January, “everything would have to go perfect.”But Dr. Adalja said that for a vaccine to be ready by January, “everything would have to go perfect.”
“Vaccine development doesn’t always go as predicted,” he said. “There are a lot of hiccups in the production process. We’re going faster than we ever have with a vaccine, but we have to be prepared for things to slow down once we get further along.”“Vaccine development doesn’t always go as predicted,” he said. “There are a lot of hiccups in the production process. We’re going faster than we ever have with a vaccine, but we have to be prepared for things to slow down once we get further along.”