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| Why New Orleans Pushed Ahead With Mardi Gras, Even as It Planned for Coronavirus | Why New Orleans Pushed Ahead With Mardi Gras, Even as It Planned for Coronavirus |
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| ATLANTA — Twelve days before New Orleans celebrated Mardi Gras Day, the citywide pre-Lenten bash that would pack thousands of visitors onto the streets, Sarah A. Babcock, the director of policy and emergency preparedness for the city health department, prepared a list of bullet points about the troubling disease that had already sickened thousands in China but had only infected 13 known patients in the United States. | ATLANTA — Twelve days before New Orleans celebrated Mardi Gras Day, the citywide pre-Lenten bash that would pack thousands of visitors onto the streets, Sarah A. Babcock, the director of policy and emergency preparedness for the city health department, prepared a list of bullet points about the troubling disease that had already sickened thousands in China but had only infected 13 known patients in the United States. |
| “The chance of us getting someone with coronavirus is low,” Ms. Babcock advised community health providers, according to internal emails obtained by Columbia University’s Brown Institute for Media Innovation and reviewed by The New York Times. | “The chance of us getting someone with coronavirus is low,” Ms. Babcock advised community health providers, according to internal emails obtained by Columbia University’s Brown Institute for Media Innovation and reviewed by The New York Times. |
| The projection proved to be terribly off base, as New Orleans would soon erupt into one of the largest hot spots for the coronavirus in the U.S., with one of the nation’s highest death rates. Experts now believe that the multiweek Mardi Gras festivities likely served to accelerate the spread of the highly contagious disease in the New Orleans area. | The projection proved to be terribly off base, as New Orleans would soon erupt into one of the largest hot spots for the coronavirus in the U.S., with one of the nation’s highest death rates. Experts now believe that the multiweek Mardi Gras festivities likely served to accelerate the spread of the highly contagious disease in the New Orleans area. |
| In recent days, city officials, including Mayor LaToya Cantrell, have pushed back forcefully against any suggestion that they had erred by not canceling the celebrations. And they have found support among public health experts, who note that no major events were being canceled around the country in the run-up to Mardi Gras Day, on Feb. 25, when there were still only 15 confirmed cases of the coronavirus in the country. | In recent days, city officials, including Mayor LaToya Cantrell, have pushed back forcefully against any suggestion that they had erred by not canceling the celebrations. And they have found support among public health experts, who note that no major events were being canceled around the country in the run-up to Mardi Gras Day, on Feb. 25, when there were still only 15 confirmed cases of the coronavirus in the country. |
| “I think we all were thinking that this was not going to be a huge issue, quite frankly, and then exponential growth started,” said Dr. Carlos del Rio, chair of the Hubert Department of Global Health at the Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University. | “I think we all were thinking that this was not going to be a huge issue, quite frankly, and then exponential growth started,” said Dr. Carlos del Rio, chair of the Hubert Department of Global Health at the Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University. |
| At the time, he added, “I think the mayor would have been executed if she would have said, ‘Let’s cancel Mardi Gras.’” | At the time, he added, “I think the mayor would have been executed if she would have said, ‘Let’s cancel Mardi Gras.’” |
| Still, the emails, more than 2,200 pages in all, offer insight into how one major American city began planning in mid-January for the virus’s eventual arrival, even as it continued to prepare for its signature annual party. | Still, the emails, more than 2,200 pages in all, offer insight into how one major American city began planning in mid-January for the virus’s eventual arrival, even as it continued to prepare for its signature annual party. |
| The plans were predicated on a misunderstanding — one seen not just in New Orleans — of how widely the virus had potentially already spread in the city and across the country. | The plans were predicated on a misunderstanding — one seen not just in New Orleans — of how widely the virus had potentially already spread in the city and across the country. |
| Dr. Jennifer Avegno, director of the New Orleans Health Department, said that the city’s focus before Mardi Gras was on visitors who might bring the virus with them. But “there was no way for us to know if we had community spread,” she said, “because we could not test for it.” | Dr. Jennifer Avegno, director of the New Orleans Health Department, said that the city’s focus before Mardi Gras was on visitors who might bring the virus with them. But “there was no way for us to know if we had community spread,” she said, “because we could not test for it.” |
| There was also a tragedy of timing: It was on Mardi Gras Day itself, as floats were rolling through the streets, that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued their starkest warning up to that point that the virus would almost certainly spread in the United States, and that cities should begin planning social distancing measures. | There was also a tragedy of timing: It was on Mardi Gras Day itself, as floats were rolling through the streets, that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued their starkest warning up to that point that the virus would almost certainly spread in the United States, and that cities should begin planning social distancing measures. |
| Ms. Cantrell, in a March 26 interview on CNN, defended the decision not to cancel Mardi Gras, noting that “no red flags” had been raised by federal officials at that point. On the day before Fat Tuesday, in fact, President Trump had tweeted: “The Coronavirus is very much under control in the USA.” | Ms. Cantrell, in a March 26 interview on CNN, defended the decision not to cancel Mardi Gras, noting that “no red flags” had been raised by federal officials at that point. On the day before Fat Tuesday, in fact, President Trump had tweeted: “The Coronavirus is very much under control in the USA.” |
| “When it’s not taken seriously at the federal level, it’s very difficult to transcend down to the local level in making these decisions,” Ms. Cantrell told CNN. “But when the experts told me that social gatherings would be an issue, I moved forward with canceling them.” | “When it’s not taken seriously at the federal level, it’s very difficult to transcend down to the local level in making these decisions,” Ms. Cantrell told CNN. “But when the experts told me that social gatherings would be an issue, I moved forward with canceling them.” |
| That was long after the last Mardi Gras floats had passed through the city. | That was long after the last Mardi Gras floats had passed through the city. |
| On Friday, the C.D.C. released a report stating that Mardi Gras had occurred at a time when canceling mass gatherings “was not yet common in the United States.” It also described Louisiana’s elevated number of cases and its “temporarily high population density because of an influx of visitors during Mardi Gras celebrations in mid-February.” | On Friday, the C.D.C. released a report stating that Mardi Gras had occurred at a time when canceling mass gatherings “was not yet common in the United States.” It also described Louisiana’s elevated number of cases and its “temporarily high population density because of an influx of visitors during Mardi Gras celebrations in mid-February.” |
| The Mardi Gras season officially began this year, as it does every year, 12 nights after Christmas, when a 150-year-old carnival krewe, the Twelfth Night Revelers, held an elegant society ball. The next day, Chinese authorities thousands of miles away announced they had isolated the new coronavirus that had been sickening residents of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province in China. | The Mardi Gras season officially began this year, as it does every year, 12 nights after Christmas, when a 150-year-old carnival krewe, the Twelfth Night Revelers, held an elegant society ball. The next day, Chinese authorities thousands of miles away announced they had isolated the new coronavirus that had been sickening residents of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province in China. |
| By mid-January, according to the internal New Orleans emails, city and state officials were circulating and digesting the latest updates on the disease from the federal government, which advised them to look out for patients with a fever and symptoms of a lower respiratory illness, like a cough or shortness of breath, as well as a history of traveling from Wuhan. | By mid-January, according to the internal New Orleans emails, city and state officials were circulating and digesting the latest updates on the disease from the federal government, which advised them to look out for patients with a fever and symptoms of a lower respiratory illness, like a cough or shortness of breath, as well as a history of traveling from Wuhan. |
| On Jan. 21, Ms. Babcock circulated a statement among colleagues meant for the news media that said the department’s emergency preparedness team had been monitoring the coronavirus “for the past few weeks and began weekly conference calls with the CDC last week.” | On Jan. 21, Ms. Babcock circulated a statement among colleagues meant for the news media that said the department’s emergency preparedness team had been monitoring the coronavirus “for the past few weeks and began weekly conference calls with the CDC last week.” |
| “At this time,” the note continued, “the CDC is only recommending screening at airports that receive flights directly from Wuhan, China.” | “At this time,” the note continued, “the CDC is only recommending screening at airports that receive flights directly from Wuhan, China.” |
| On Jan. 23, Chinese authorities closed off Wuhan, and its 11 million residents, in an effort to curb the spread there. Two days later, Dr. Avegno, the head of the New Orleans Health Department, told colleagues that the “uptick in cases” in China was “coming fast and furious.” | On Jan. 23, Chinese authorities closed off Wuhan, and its 11 million residents, in an effort to curb the spread there. Two days later, Dr. Avegno, the head of the New Orleans Health Department, told colleagues that the “uptick in cases” in China was “coming fast and furious.” |
| From that point, the emails show, the city appeared to go into a more concerted coronavirus preparation mode. | From that point, the emails show, the city appeared to go into a more concerted coronavirus preparation mode. |
| William T. Salmeron, the chief of Emergency Medical Services for the city, told his colleagues that workers should take “routine exposure control precautions” as they would in dealing with any respiratory illness. Those included getting the travel history of anyone with symptoms, giving patients surgical masks, and moving up to gloves, gown, protective eyewear and an N95 mask “if travel history risk factors warrant.” | William T. Salmeron, the chief of Emergency Medical Services for the city, told his colleagues that workers should take “routine exposure control precautions” as they would in dealing with any respiratory illness. Those included getting the travel history of anyone with symptoms, giving patients surgical masks, and moving up to gloves, gown, protective eyewear and an N95 mask “if travel history risk factors warrant.” |
| “At this time the potential risk of infection in the US is LOW,” he wrote. | “At this time the potential risk of infection in the US is LOW,” he wrote. |
| Collin M. Arnold, director of the city’s homeland security office, sent an email to Dr. Avegno and other city officials on Jan. 27, suggesting they “should probably get together and discuss public safety concerns during Mardi Gras and on the parade route.” | Collin M. Arnold, director of the city’s homeland security office, sent an email to Dr. Avegno and other city officials on Jan. 27, suggesting they “should probably get together and discuss public safety concerns during Mardi Gras and on the parade route.” |
| The New Orleans Police Department, he said, had been asking about personal protective equipment “and general concerns (they shake a lot of hands and come in contact with a lot of people on the route every day).” He suggested putting together a “guide sheet for all responders” that would offer them “common sense mitigation tasks.” | The New Orleans Police Department, he said, had been asking about personal protective equipment “and general concerns (they shake a lot of hands and come in contact with a lot of people on the route every day).” He suggested putting together a “guide sheet for all responders” that would offer them “common sense mitigation tasks.” |
| That same day, Tyrell Morris, the executive director of the city’s 911 service, told city officials about a questionnaire and worksheet that the International Academies of Emergency Dispatch was suggesting they use for all suspected coronavirus patients. | That same day, Tyrell Morris, the executive director of the city’s 911 service, told city officials about a questionnaire and worksheet that the International Academies of Emergency Dispatch was suggesting they use for all suspected coronavirus patients. |
| Dr. Emily Nichols, the medical director for the city’s emergency medical services, suggested they add a question asking suspected carriers whether they had been within six feet of another person thought to be infected with the virus. | Dr. Emily Nichols, the medical director for the city’s emergency medical services, suggested they add a question asking suspected carriers whether they had been within six feet of another person thought to be infected with the virus. |
| In late January, the city health department’s emergency preparedness branch emailed local health care facilities with updates on an active shooter training set for Jan. 30 at Lambeth House, a retirement community in Uptown New Orleans. Lambeth House would eventually emerge as the site of one of the worst outbreaks in the South, with at least 13 residents dying from Covid-19. | In late January, the city health department’s emergency preparedness branch emailed local health care facilities with updates on an active shooter training set for Jan. 30 at Lambeth House, a retirement community in Uptown New Orleans. Lambeth House would eventually emerge as the site of one of the worst outbreaks in the South, with at least 13 residents dying from Covid-19. |
| Updated June 16, 2020 | |
| The coronavirus emergency relief package gives many American workers paid leave if they need to take time off because of the virus. It gives qualified workers two weeks of paid sick leave if they are ill, quarantined or seeking diagnosis or preventive care for coronavirus, or if they are caring for sick family members. It gives 12 weeks of paid leave to people caring for children whose schools are closed or whose child care provider is unavailable because of the coronavirus. It is the first time the United States has had widespread federally mandated paid leave, and includes people who don’t typically get such benefits, like part-time and gig economy workers. But the measure excludes at least half of private-sector workers, including those at the country’s largest employers, and gives small employers significant leeway to deny leave. | |
| So far, the evidence seems to show it does. A widely cited paper published in April suggests that people are most infectious about two days before the onset of coronavirus symptoms and estimated that 44 percent of new infections were a result of transmission from people who were not yet showing symptoms. Recently, a top expert at the World Health Organization stated that transmission of the coronavirus by people who did not have symptoms was “very rare,” but she later walked back that statement. | So far, the evidence seems to show it does. A widely cited paper published in April suggests that people are most infectious about two days before the onset of coronavirus symptoms and estimated that 44 percent of new infections were a result of transmission from people who were not yet showing symptoms. Recently, a top expert at the World Health Organization stated that transmission of the coronavirus by people who did not have symptoms was “very rare,” but she later walked back that statement. |
| Touching contaminated objects and then infecting ourselves with the germs is not typically how the virus spreads. But it can happen. A number of studies of flu, rhinovirus, coronavirus and other microbes have shown that respiratory illnesses, including the new coronavirus, can spread by touching contaminated surfaces, particularly in places like day care centers, offices and hospitals. But a long chain of events has to happen for the disease to spread that way. The best way to protect yourself from coronavirus — whether it’s surface transmission or close human contact — is still social distancing, washing your hands, not touching your face and wearing masks. | Touching contaminated objects and then infecting ourselves with the germs is not typically how the virus spreads. But it can happen. A number of studies of flu, rhinovirus, coronavirus and other microbes have shown that respiratory illnesses, including the new coronavirus, can spread by touching contaminated surfaces, particularly in places like day care centers, offices and hospitals. But a long chain of events has to happen for the disease to spread that way. The best way to protect yourself from coronavirus — whether it’s surface transmission or close human contact — is still social distancing, washing your hands, not touching your face and wearing masks. |
| A study by European scientists is the first to document a strong statistical link between genetic variations and Covid-19, the illness caused by the coronavirus. Having Type A blood was linked to a 50 percent increase in the likelihood that a patient would need to get oxygen or to go on a ventilator, according to the new study. | A study by European scientists is the first to document a strong statistical link between genetic variations and Covid-19, the illness caused by the coronavirus. Having Type A blood was linked to a 50 percent increase in the likelihood that a patient would need to get oxygen or to go on a ventilator, according to the new study. |
| The unemployment rate fell to 13.3 percent in May, the Labor Department said on June 5, an unexpected improvement in the nation’s job market as hiring rebounded faster than economists expected. Economists had forecast the unemployment rate to increase to as much as 20 percent, after it hit 14.7 percent in April, which was the highest since the government began keeping official statistics after World War II. But the unemployment rate dipped instead, with employers adding 2.5 million jobs, after more than 20 million jobs were lost in April. | The unemployment rate fell to 13.3 percent in May, the Labor Department said on June 5, an unexpected improvement in the nation’s job market as hiring rebounded faster than economists expected. Economists had forecast the unemployment rate to increase to as much as 20 percent, after it hit 14.7 percent in April, which was the highest since the government began keeping official statistics after World War II. But the unemployment rate dipped instead, with employers adding 2.5 million jobs, after more than 20 million jobs were lost in April. |
| Mass protests against police brutality that have brought thousands of people onto the streets in cities across America are raising the specter of new coronavirus outbreaks, prompting political leaders, physicians and public health experts to warn that the crowds could cause a surge in cases. While many political leaders affirmed the right of protesters to express themselves, they urged the demonstrators to wear face masks and maintain social distancing, both to protect themselves and to prevent further community spread of the virus. Some infectious disease experts were reassured by the fact that the protests were held outdoors, saying the open air settings could mitigate the risk of transmission. | Mass protests against police brutality that have brought thousands of people onto the streets in cities across America are raising the specter of new coronavirus outbreaks, prompting political leaders, physicians and public health experts to warn that the crowds could cause a surge in cases. While many political leaders affirmed the right of protesters to express themselves, they urged the demonstrators to wear face masks and maintain social distancing, both to protect themselves and to prevent further community spread of the virus. Some infectious disease experts were reassured by the fact that the protests were held outdoors, saying the open air settings could mitigate the risk of transmission. |
| States are reopening bit by bit. This means that more public spaces are available for use and more and more businesses are being allowed to open again. The federal government is largely leaving the decision up to states, and some state leaders are leaving the decision up to local authorities. Even if you aren’t being told to stay at home, it’s still a good idea to limit trips outside and your interaction with other people. | States are reopening bit by bit. This means that more public spaces are available for use and more and more businesses are being allowed to open again. The federal government is largely leaving the decision up to states, and some state leaders are leaving the decision up to local authorities. Even if you aren’t being told to stay at home, it’s still a good idea to limit trips outside and your interaction with other people. |
| Common symptoms include fever, a dry cough, fatigue and difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. Some of these symptoms overlap with those of the flu, making detection difficult, but runny noses and stuffy sinuses are less common. The C.D.C. has also added chills, muscle pain, sore throat, headache and a new loss of the sense of taste or smell as symptoms to look out for. Most people fall ill five to seven days after exposure, but symptoms may appear in as few as two days or as many as 14 days. | Common symptoms include fever, a dry cough, fatigue and difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. Some of these symptoms overlap with those of the flu, making detection difficult, but runny noses and stuffy sinuses are less common. The C.D.C. has also added chills, muscle pain, sore throat, headache and a new loss of the sense of taste or smell as symptoms to look out for. Most people fall ill five to seven days after exposure, but symptoms may appear in as few as two days or as many as 14 days. |
| If air travel is unavoidable, there are some steps you can take to protect yourself. Most important: Wash your hands often, and stop touching your face. If possible, choose a window seat. A study from Emory University found that during flu season, the safest place to sit on a plane is by a window, as people sitting in window seats had less contact with potentially sick people. Disinfect hard surfaces. When you get to your seat and your hands are clean, use disinfecting wipes to clean the hard surfaces at your seat like the head and arm rest, the seatbelt buckle, the remote, screen, seat back pocket and the tray table. If the seat is hard and nonporous or leather or pleather, you can wipe that down, too. (Using wipes on upholstered seats could lead to a wet seat and spreading of germs rather than killing them.) | If air travel is unavoidable, there are some steps you can take to protect yourself. Most important: Wash your hands often, and stop touching your face. If possible, choose a window seat. A study from Emory University found that during flu season, the safest place to sit on a plane is by a window, as people sitting in window seats had less contact with potentially sick people. Disinfect hard surfaces. When you get to your seat and your hands are clean, use disinfecting wipes to clean the hard surfaces at your seat like the head and arm rest, the seatbelt buckle, the remote, screen, seat back pocket and the tray table. If the seat is hard and nonporous or leather or pleather, you can wipe that down, too. (Using wipes on upholstered seats could lead to a wet seat and spreading of germs rather than killing them.) |
| Taking one’s temperature to look for signs of fever is not as easy as it sounds, as “normal” temperature numbers can vary, but generally, keep an eye out for a temperature of 100.5 degrees Fahrenheit or higher. If you don’t have a thermometer (they can be pricey these days), there are other ways to figure out if you have a fever, or are at risk of Covid-19 complications. | Taking one’s temperature to look for signs of fever is not as easy as it sounds, as “normal” temperature numbers can vary, but generally, keep an eye out for a temperature of 100.5 degrees Fahrenheit or higher. If you don’t have a thermometer (they can be pricey these days), there are other ways to figure out if you have a fever, or are at risk of Covid-19 complications. |
| The C.D.C. has recommended that all Americans wear cloth masks if they go out in public. This is a shift in federal guidance reflecting new concerns that the coronavirus is being spread by infected people who have no symptoms. Until now, the C.D.C., like the W.H.O., has advised that ordinary people don’t need to wear masks unless they are sick and coughing. Part of the reason was to preserve medical-grade masks for health care workers who desperately need them at a time when they are in continuously short supply. Masks don’t replace hand washing and social distancing. | The C.D.C. has recommended that all Americans wear cloth masks if they go out in public. This is a shift in federal guidance reflecting new concerns that the coronavirus is being spread by infected people who have no symptoms. Until now, the C.D.C., like the W.H.O., has advised that ordinary people don’t need to wear masks unless they are sick and coughing. Part of the reason was to preserve medical-grade masks for health care workers who desperately need them at a time when they are in continuously short supply. Masks don’t replace hand washing and social distancing. |
| If you’ve been exposed to the coronavirus or think you have, and have a fever or symptoms like a cough or difficulty breathing, call a doctor. They should give you advice on whether you should be tested, how to get tested, and how to seek medical treatment without potentially infecting or exposing others. | If you’ve been exposed to the coronavirus or think you have, and have a fever or symptoms like a cough or difficulty breathing, call a doctor. They should give you advice on whether you should be tested, how to get tested, and how to seek medical treatment without potentially infecting or exposing others. |
| If you’re sick and you think you’ve been exposed to the new coronavirus, the C.D.C. recommends that you call your healthcare provider and explain your symptoms and fears. They will decide if you need to be tested. Keep in mind that there’s a chance — because of a lack of testing kits or because you’re asymptomatic, for instance — you won’t be able to get tested. | If you’re sick and you think you’ve been exposed to the new coronavirus, the C.D.C. recommends that you call your healthcare provider and explain your symptoms and fears. They will decide if you need to be tested. Keep in mind that there’s a chance — because of a lack of testing kits or because you’re asymptomatic, for instance — you won’t be able to get tested. |
| The city was alive to the possibility of the virus arriving by air or by sea. | The city was alive to the possibility of the virus arriving by air or by sea. |
| On Jan. 28, Mr. Salmeron proposed a meeting of city, state and airport officials to discuss “emergency response actions to ill passengers” arriving at the local airport. The president of the Louisiana Maritime Association reminded city officials that the Coast Guard would review incoming ships to the port of New Orleans. | On Jan. 28, Mr. Salmeron proposed a meeting of city, state and airport officials to discuss “emergency response actions to ill passengers” arriving at the local airport. The president of the Louisiana Maritime Association reminded city officials that the Coast Guard would review incoming ships to the port of New Orleans. |
| A multiagency meeting was scheduled for Feb. 5, with Ms. Babcock telling state health officials that the city was “trying to make sure that everyone is prepared for coronavirus before Mardi Gras.” | A multiagency meeting was scheduled for Feb. 5, with Ms. Babcock telling state health officials that the city was “trying to make sure that everyone is prepared for coronavirus before Mardi Gras.” |
| The day of the meeting, the mayor’s office posted a news item on the city’s website noting that the federal government had not recommended screening at Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport, and had begun rerouting all flights with passengers from China to one of 11 other airports where screening was taking place. | The day of the meeting, the mayor’s office posted a news item on the city’s website noting that the federal government had not recommended screening at Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport, and had begun rerouting all flights with passengers from China to one of 11 other airports where screening was taking place. |
| “Our public health and health care systems are ready for Mardi Gras,” it said, “and the coronavirus poses a very low risk to the Carnival celebrations.” | “Our public health and health care systems are ready for Mardi Gras,” it said, “and the coronavirus poses a very low risk to the Carnival celebrations.” |
| In an email sent Feb. 26, the day after Mardi Gras Day, Dr. Avegno made it clear that while the city was taking the coronavirus threat seriously, officials were not yet planning to call for strict measures to limit its spread. | In an email sent Feb. 26, the day after Mardi Gras Day, Dr. Avegno made it clear that while the city was taking the coronavirus threat seriously, officials were not yet planning to call for strict measures to limit its spread. |
| “I’m a little hesitant to put in the social distancing stuff but since CDC mentioned it, we probably should,” she wrote. “I added some words to make it more clear we weren’t going to run around willy-nilly quarantining people, but would be following state/federal guidance.” | “I’m a little hesitant to put in the social distancing stuff but since CDC mentioned it, we probably should,” she wrote. “I added some words to make it more clear we weren’t going to run around willy-nilly quarantining people, but would be following state/federal guidance.” |
| Daily “sit reps,” or situation reports, began going out to New Orleans officials beginning March 3. While acknowledging the spread of the virus was a “rapidly evolving situation,” the city did not recommend any closures because the state had no confirmed cases. | Daily “sit reps,” or situation reports, began going out to New Orleans officials beginning March 3. While acknowledging the spread of the virus was a “rapidly evolving situation,” the city did not recommend any closures because the state had no confirmed cases. |
| A few days later, on March 9, the first presumptive coronavirus patient in Louisiana was identified in New Orleans — a resident of nearby Jefferson Parish who was in a city hospital. Reports began surfacing of people in other states, including Arkansas, Texas and Tennessee, who had been to Mardi Gras and were testing positive for the virus. | A few days later, on March 9, the first presumptive coronavirus patient in Louisiana was identified in New Orleans — a resident of nearby Jefferson Parish who was in a city hospital. Reports began surfacing of people in other states, including Arkansas, Texas and Tennessee, who had been to Mardi Gras and were testing positive for the virus. |
| The next day, Ms. Cantrell canceled a number of beloved street-level events that have traditionally served as raucous addenda to Mardi Gras — parades celebrating St. Joseph’s Day and St. Patrick’s Day, and Super Sunday, in which the city’s Mardi Gras Indian tribes display their beaded and feathered suits. | The next day, Ms. Cantrell canceled a number of beloved street-level events that have traditionally served as raucous addenda to Mardi Gras — parades celebrating St. Joseph’s Day and St. Patrick’s Day, and Super Sunday, in which the city’s Mardi Gras Indian tribes display their beaded and feathered suits. |
| By March 16, three people had died from complications of Covid-19 in Louisiana and there were 136 confirmed cases in the state. Gov. John Bel Edwards ordered the closures of bars, gyms, and cinemas, and limited restaurants to takeout and delivery service. | By March 16, three people had died from complications of Covid-19 in Louisiana and there were 136 confirmed cases in the state. Gov. John Bel Edwards ordered the closures of bars, gyms, and cinemas, and limited restaurants to takeout and delivery service. |
| Dr. Avegno said city and state officials had moved as quickly as they could once they realized what they were facing. | Dr. Avegno said city and state officials had moved as quickly as they could once they realized what they were facing. |
| “We shut down parades, we shut down schools — within a week, completely changing our way of life,” Dr. Avegno said. “I can’t think of anything more drastic than shutting down the bars of New Orleans.” | “We shut down parades, we shut down schools — within a week, completely changing our way of life,” Dr. Avegno said. “I can’t think of anything more drastic than shutting down the bars of New Orleans.” |
| Over the next several weeks, the virus continued its unabated spread across Louisiana. | Over the next several weeks, the virus continued its unabated spread across Louisiana. |
| By Monday, state officials had reported more than 10,500 coronavirus cases in Orleans Parish and the adjacent suburb of Jefferson Parish. Across the state, at least 840 residents infected with the coronavirus have died. | By Monday, state officials had reported more than 10,500 coronavirus cases in Orleans Parish and the adjacent suburb of Jefferson Parish. Across the state, at least 840 residents infected with the coronavirus have died. |
| Richard Fausset reported from Atlanta and Derek Kravitz, a data journalist at Columbia University’s Brown Institute for Media Innovation, from New York. | Richard Fausset reported from Atlanta and Derek Kravitz, a data journalist at Columbia University’s Brown Institute for Media Innovation, from New York. |