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| Flight Attendants and Pilots Ask, ‘Is It OK to Keep Working?’ | Flight Attendants and Pilots Ask, ‘Is It OK to Keep Working?’ |
| (7 days later) | |
| Molly Choma, a flight attendant for Alaska Airlines, had worked nearly every day since mid-March, even as the coronavirus outbreak devastated her industry. But last Sunday, she woke up alone in a room in a nearly empty hotel and wondered if it was time to stop. | Molly Choma, a flight attendant for Alaska Airlines, had worked nearly every day since mid-March, even as the coronavirus outbreak devastated her industry. But last Sunday, she woke up alone in a room in a nearly empty hotel and wondered if it was time to stop. |
| As she prepared for Flight 1002, which would bring her home to the San Francisco Bay Area from Washington, Ms. Choma, 33, turned on the news and texted her colleagues. Were they planning to keep flying? Should she? | As she prepared for Flight 1002, which would bring her home to the San Francisco Bay Area from Washington, Ms. Choma, 33, turned on the news and texted her colleagues. Were they planning to keep flying? Should she? |
| “I’m thinking about my family, thinking about my friends, thinking about what that would mean for the rest of the month,” she said. “I don’t know how this thing is going to shape my life or the world or aviation or the history of pretty much everything.” | “I’m thinking about my family, thinking about my friends, thinking about what that would mean for the rest of the month,” she said. “I don’t know how this thing is going to shape my life or the world or aviation or the history of pretty much everything.” |
| Airlines have canceled a staggering number of flights, but thousands still take off every day, leaving many of the people needed to keep them running to reckon with whether to continue working and how to stay safe if they do. | Airlines have canceled a staggering number of flights, but thousands still take off every day, leaving many of the people needed to keep them running to reckon with whether to continue working and how to stay safe if they do. |
| For Ms. Choma, those remaining flights provided a financial cushion. After the pandemic halted the photography business she has nurtured on the side, she took on flights from colleagues who couldn’t, or wouldn’t, staff them. | For Ms. Choma, those remaining flights provided a financial cushion. After the pandemic halted the photography business she has nurtured on the side, she took on flights from colleagues who couldn’t, or wouldn’t, staff them. |
| Some airline employees have continued to show up reluctantly, either because they need the money or fear losing their jobs once the crisis has ebbed. Others who had once relied on extra income from loaded-up schedules now have to make do with what few flights are available. Tens of thousands more have taken unpaid leave, staying home out of necessity or concern or to free up slots for colleagues who may need the income more. | Some airline employees have continued to show up reluctantly, either because they need the money or fear losing their jobs once the crisis has ebbed. Others who had once relied on extra income from loaded-up schedules now have to make do with what few flights are available. Tens of thousands more have taken unpaid leave, staying home out of necessity or concern or to free up slots for colleagues who may need the income more. |
| Already, hundreds of flight attendants and pilots have fallen ill and at least five have died from the coronavirus, according to the labor unions that represent them. And even though the industry secured $25 billion from the federal government to pay employees through September, the future remains bleak. | Already, hundreds of flight attendants and pilots have fallen ill and at least five have died from the coronavirus, according to the labor unions that represent them. And even though the industry secured $25 billion from the federal government to pay employees through September, the future remains bleak. |
| Many airlines are likely to emerge from the crisis with fewer employees, and a full recovery isn’t expected any time soon. It took several years for passenger volume to rebound after the terrorist attacks in 2001, a shock less severe than the current crisis, which is seen by many as the worst in the history of aviation. | Many airlines are likely to emerge from the crisis with fewer employees, and a full recovery isn’t expected any time soon. It took several years for passenger volume to rebound after the terrorist attacks in 2001, a shock less severe than the current crisis, which is seen by many as the worst in the history of aviation. |
| The devastation arrived abruptly in late February as new bookings started to plummet and cancellations began to surge. Less than two months later, air travel has fallen to new lows. On Tuesday, for the first time since the Transportation Security Administration was formed after the Sept. 11 attacks, the agency screened fewer than 100,000 travelers, pilots, flight attendants and airport and airline workers at its checkpoints. On the same day last year, it screened more than two million people. | The devastation arrived abruptly in late February as new bookings started to plummet and cancellations began to surge. Less than two months later, air travel has fallen to new lows. On Tuesday, for the first time since the Transportation Security Administration was formed after the Sept. 11 attacks, the agency screened fewer than 100,000 travelers, pilots, flight attendants and airport and airline workers at its checkpoints. On the same day last year, it screened more than two million people. |
| Airlines have slashed service dramatically, but they still run thousands of daily flights. On Tuesday, for example, there were nearly 8,000 flights in the United States, compared with nearly 35,000 a year ago, according to the aviation data provider OAG. The industry is cutting more, but must maintain minimum service to many destinations under the conditions Congress imposed on the grants earmarked for airline employees. | Airlines have slashed service dramatically, but they still run thousands of daily flights. On Tuesday, for example, there were nearly 8,000 flights in the United States, compared with nearly 35,000 a year ago, according to the aviation data provider OAG. The industry is cutting more, but must maintain minimum service to many destinations under the conditions Congress imposed on the grants earmarked for airline employees. |
| The uncertain future of the industry factored into Ms. Choma’s thinking last Sunday. By the time she walked through her desolate hotel lobby that afternoon she had regained her resolve. She would continue to do what she’s done since she became a flight attendant right out of college 11 years ago. | The uncertain future of the industry factored into Ms. Choma’s thinking last Sunday. By the time she walked through her desolate hotel lobby that afternoon she had regained her resolve. She would continue to do what she’s done since she became a flight attendant right out of college 11 years ago. |
| “I don’t know if it’s stupid or crazy but I just feel like I’m supposed to be here doing this work, taking these five or 10 people where they need to go,” she said. “It’s like a guttural, instinctive reaction that this is what I’m supposed to be doing right now.” | “I don’t know if it’s stupid or crazy but I just feel like I’m supposed to be here doing this work, taking these five or 10 people where they need to go,” she said. “It’s like a guttural, instinctive reaction that this is what I’m supposed to be doing right now.” |
| Flight attendants at major airlines are typically guaranteed a minimum amount of work, which they can then trade among themselves to make more money or to take more time off. Some routinely put in extra hours, though that option has largely disappeared. In 2018, more than 119,000 flight attendants were working in the United States, earning a median annual salary of $56,000, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. That same year, there were more than 124,000 pilots, with a median salary of more than $115,000. | Flight attendants at major airlines are typically guaranteed a minimum amount of work, which they can then trade among themselves to make more money or to take more time off. Some routinely put in extra hours, though that option has largely disappeared. In 2018, more than 119,000 flight attendants were working in the United States, earning a median annual salary of $56,000, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. That same year, there were more than 124,000 pilots, with a median salary of more than $115,000. |
| Ms. Choma, whose event and portrait photography business has suffered from cancellations, said flying gives her a sense of purpose during this unsettling time and allows her to maintain a steady income while providing relief to those who can’t or don’t want to work. | Ms. Choma, whose event and portrait photography business has suffered from cancellations, said flying gives her a sense of purpose during this unsettling time and allows her to maintain a steady income while providing relief to those who can’t or don’t want to work. |
| It’s not that she doesn’t worry about getting sick, but she’s young, healthy and has no children. Having grown up with a mother who was a flight attendant for nearly two decades, Ms. Choma also long ago came to terms with the risks of the job. | It’s not that she doesn’t worry about getting sick, but she’s young, healthy and has no children. Having grown up with a mother who was a flight attendant for nearly two decades, Ms. Choma also long ago came to terms with the risks of the job. |
| “That sounds really dark, but having that worry that something bad might happen at work has always been somewhere in my head,” she said. “It’s just amplified right now, but I think consoling myself through those fears is a skill set I’ve already developed.” | “That sounds really dark, but having that worry that something bad might happen at work has always been somewhere in my head,” she said. “It’s just amplified right now, but I think consoling myself through those fears is a skill set I’ve already developed.” |
| While Ms. Choma said her employer had generally been good about providing crew members with gloves and masks, flight attendants and pilots at several major airlines, many of whom requested anonymity for fear of losing their jobs, said they have had to take their own supplies to work. Even when airlines have committed to providing protective equipment, many have run into the same supply problems that have plagued hospitals across the country. | While Ms. Choma said her employer had generally been good about providing crew members with gloves and masks, flight attendants and pilots at several major airlines, many of whom requested anonymity for fear of losing their jobs, said they have had to take their own supplies to work. Even when airlines have committed to providing protective equipment, many have run into the same supply problems that have plagued hospitals across the country. |
| “There is this real sort of conflict among our ranks of wanting to do the job, wanting to do what’s necessary for our nation, and yet saying, ‘What are you doing to make sure that we’re actually safe on the job and that the risk of exposure is minimized?’” said Sara Nelson, president of the Association of Flight Attendants union. | “There is this real sort of conflict among our ranks of wanting to do the job, wanting to do what’s necessary for our nation, and yet saying, ‘What are you doing to make sure that we’re actually safe on the job and that the risk of exposure is minimized?’” said Sara Nelson, president of the Association of Flight Attendants union. |
| The union, which represents workers at Alaska Airlines, United Airlines and more than a dozen other companies, has called on the administration and airlines to prohibit all leisure travel. The Air Line Pilots Association, which represents more than 63,000 pilots at Delta Air Lines, United and other carriers, has asked the Federal Aviation Administration to mandate routine cockpit cleaning and require airlines to quickly inform employees who have come into contact with individuals who are or may be infected. | The union, which represents workers at Alaska Airlines, United Airlines and more than a dozen other companies, has called on the administration and airlines to prohibit all leisure travel. The Air Line Pilots Association, which represents more than 63,000 pilots at Delta Air Lines, United and other carriers, has asked the Federal Aviation Administration to mandate routine cockpit cleaning and require airlines to quickly inform employees who have come into contact with individuals who are or may be infected. |
| “Those crew members need to know that they’ve been exposed so that they can protect their own health, their family’s health and that they don’t spread the illness to customers or other crew members or employees,” said Lauren Metz, a pilot for Delta and a spokeswoman for the Delta Master Executive Council, a unit of the pilots association. | “Those crew members need to know that they’ve been exposed so that they can protect their own health, their family’s health and that they don’t spread the illness to customers or other crew members or employees,” said Lauren Metz, a pilot for Delta and a spokeswoman for the Delta Master Executive Council, a unit of the pilots association. |
| Updated July 7, 2020 | |
| The coronavirus can stay aloft for hours in tiny droplets in stagnant air, infecting people as they inhale, mounting scientific evidence suggests. This risk is highest in crowded indoor spaces with poor ventilation, and may help explain super-spreading events reported in meatpacking plants, churches and restaurants. It’s unclear how often the virus is spread via these tiny droplets, or aerosols, compared with larger droplets that are expelled when a sick person coughs or sneezes, or transmitted through contact with contaminated surfaces, said Linsey Marr, an aerosol expert at Virginia Tech. Aerosols are released even when a person without symptoms exhales, talks or sings, according to Dr. Marr and more than 200 other experts, who have outlined the evidence in an open letter to the World Health Organization. | |
| Common symptoms include fever, a dry cough, fatigue and difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. Some of these symptoms overlap with those of the flu, making detection difficult, but runny noses and stuffy sinuses are less common. The C.D.C. has also added chills, muscle pain, sore throat, headache and a new loss of the sense of taste or smell as symptoms to look out for. Most people fall ill five to seven days after exposure, but symptoms may appear in as few as two days or as many as 14 days. | Common symptoms include fever, a dry cough, fatigue and difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. Some of these symptoms overlap with those of the flu, making detection difficult, but runny noses and stuffy sinuses are less common. The C.D.C. has also added chills, muscle pain, sore throat, headache and a new loss of the sense of taste or smell as symptoms to look out for. Most people fall ill five to seven days after exposure, but symptoms may appear in as few as two days or as many as 14 days. |
| Scientists around the country have tried to identify everyday materials that do a good job of filtering microscopic particles. In recent tests, HEPA furnace filters scored high, as did vacuum cleaner bags, fabric similar to flannel pajamas and those of 600-count pillowcases. Other materials tested included layered coffee filters and scarves and bandannas. These scored lower, but still captured a small percentage of particles. | Scientists around the country have tried to identify everyday materials that do a good job of filtering microscopic particles. In recent tests, HEPA furnace filters scored high, as did vacuum cleaner bags, fabric similar to flannel pajamas and those of 600-count pillowcases. Other materials tested included layered coffee filters and scarves and bandannas. These scored lower, but still captured a small percentage of particles. |
| A commentary published this month on the website of the British Journal of Sports Medicine points out that covering your face during exercise “comes with issues of potential breathing restriction and discomfort” and requires “balancing benefits versus possible adverse events.” Masks do alter exercise, says Cedric X. Bryant, the president and chief science officer of the American Council on Exercise, a nonprofit organization that funds exercise research and certifies fitness professionals. “In my personal experience,” he says, “heart rates are higher at the same relative intensity when you wear a mask.” Some people also could experience lightheadedness during familiar workouts while masked, says Len Kravitz, a professor of exercise science at the University of New Mexico. | A commentary published this month on the website of the British Journal of Sports Medicine points out that covering your face during exercise “comes with issues of potential breathing restriction and discomfort” and requires “balancing benefits versus possible adverse events.” Masks do alter exercise, says Cedric X. Bryant, the president and chief science officer of the American Council on Exercise, a nonprofit organization that funds exercise research and certifies fitness professionals. “In my personal experience,” he says, “heart rates are higher at the same relative intensity when you wear a mask.” Some people also could experience lightheadedness during familiar workouts while masked, says Len Kravitz, a professor of exercise science at the University of New Mexico. |
| The steroid, dexamethasone, is the first treatment shown to reduce mortality in severely ill patients, according to scientists in Britain. The drug appears to reduce inflammation caused by the immune system, protecting the tissues. In the study, dexamethasone reduced deaths of patients on ventilators by one-third, and deaths of patients on oxygen by one-fifth. | The steroid, dexamethasone, is the first treatment shown to reduce mortality in severely ill patients, according to scientists in Britain. The drug appears to reduce inflammation caused by the immune system, protecting the tissues. In the study, dexamethasone reduced deaths of patients on ventilators by one-third, and deaths of patients on oxygen by one-fifth. |
| The coronavirus emergency relief package gives many American workers paid leave if they need to take time off because of the virus. It gives qualified workers two weeks of paid sick leave if they are ill, quarantined or seeking diagnosis or preventive care for coronavirus, or if they are caring for sick family members. It gives 12 weeks of paid leave to people caring for children whose schools are closed or whose child care provider is unavailable because of the coronavirus. It is the first time the United States has had widespread federally mandated paid leave, and includes people who don’t typically get such benefits, like part-time and gig economy workers. But the measure excludes at least half of private-sector workers, including those at the country’s largest employers, and gives small employers significant leeway to deny leave. | The coronavirus emergency relief package gives many American workers paid leave if they need to take time off because of the virus. It gives qualified workers two weeks of paid sick leave if they are ill, quarantined or seeking diagnosis or preventive care for coronavirus, or if they are caring for sick family members. It gives 12 weeks of paid leave to people caring for children whose schools are closed or whose child care provider is unavailable because of the coronavirus. It is the first time the United States has had widespread federally mandated paid leave, and includes people who don’t typically get such benefits, like part-time and gig economy workers. But the measure excludes at least half of private-sector workers, including those at the country’s largest employers, and gives small employers significant leeway to deny leave. |
| So far, the evidence seems to show it does. A widely cited paper published in April suggests that people are most infectious about two days before the onset of coronavirus symptoms and estimated that 44 percent of new infections were a result of transmission from people who were not yet showing symptoms. Recently, a top expert at the World Health Organization stated that transmission of the coronavirus by people who did not have symptoms was “very rare,” but she later walked back that statement. | So far, the evidence seems to show it does. A widely cited paper published in April suggests that people are most infectious about two days before the onset of coronavirus symptoms and estimated that 44 percent of new infections were a result of transmission from people who were not yet showing symptoms. Recently, a top expert at the World Health Organization stated that transmission of the coronavirus by people who did not have symptoms was “very rare,” but she later walked back that statement. |
| Touching contaminated objects and then infecting ourselves with the germs is not typically how the virus spreads. But it can happen. A number of studies of flu, rhinovirus, coronavirus and other microbes have shown that respiratory illnesses, including the new coronavirus, can spread by touching contaminated surfaces, particularly in places like day care centers, offices and hospitals. But a long chain of events has to happen for the disease to spread that way. The best way to protect yourself from coronavirus — whether it’s surface transmission or close human contact — is still social distancing, washing your hands, not touching your face and wearing masks. | Touching contaminated objects and then infecting ourselves with the germs is not typically how the virus spreads. But it can happen. A number of studies of flu, rhinovirus, coronavirus and other microbes have shown that respiratory illnesses, including the new coronavirus, can spread by touching contaminated surfaces, particularly in places like day care centers, offices and hospitals. But a long chain of events has to happen for the disease to spread that way. The best way to protect yourself from coronavirus — whether it’s surface transmission or close human contact — is still social distancing, washing your hands, not touching your face and wearing masks. |
| A study by European scientists is the first to document a strong statistical link between genetic variations and Covid-19, the illness caused by the coronavirus. Having Type A blood was linked to a 50 percent increase in the likelihood that a patient would need to get oxygen or to go on a ventilator, according to the new study. | A study by European scientists is the first to document a strong statistical link between genetic variations and Covid-19, the illness caused by the coronavirus. Having Type A blood was linked to a 50 percent increase in the likelihood that a patient would need to get oxygen or to go on a ventilator, according to the new study. |
| If air travel is unavoidable, there are some steps you can take to protect yourself. Most important: Wash your hands often, and stop touching your face. If possible, choose a window seat. A study from Emory University found that during flu season, the safest place to sit on a plane is by a window, as people sitting in window seats had less contact with potentially sick people. Disinfect hard surfaces. When you get to your seat and your hands are clean, use disinfecting wipes to clean the hard surfaces at your seat like the head and arm rest, the seatbelt buckle, the remote, screen, seat back pocket and the tray table. If the seat is hard and nonporous or leather or pleather, you can wipe that down, too. (Using wipes on upholstered seats could lead to a wet seat and spreading of germs rather than killing them.) | If air travel is unavoidable, there are some steps you can take to protect yourself. Most important: Wash your hands often, and stop touching your face. If possible, choose a window seat. A study from Emory University found that during flu season, the safest place to sit on a plane is by a window, as people sitting in window seats had less contact with potentially sick people. Disinfect hard surfaces. When you get to your seat and your hands are clean, use disinfecting wipes to clean the hard surfaces at your seat like the head and arm rest, the seatbelt buckle, the remote, screen, seat back pocket and the tray table. If the seat is hard and nonporous or leather or pleather, you can wipe that down, too. (Using wipes on upholstered seats could lead to a wet seat and spreading of germs rather than killing them.) |
| If you’ve been exposed to the coronavirus or think you have, and have a fever or symptoms like a cough or difficulty breathing, call a doctor. They should give you advice on whether you should be tested, how to get tested, and how to seek medical treatment without potentially infecting or exposing others. | If you’ve been exposed to the coronavirus or think you have, and have a fever or symptoms like a cough or difficulty breathing, call a doctor. They should give you advice on whether you should be tested, how to get tested, and how to seek medical treatment without potentially infecting or exposing others. |
| It was harder to stay safe early in the crisis, when planes were often relatively full and tensions ran high. But the few people still traveling are wary of interacting with others. | It was harder to stay safe early in the crisis, when planes were often relatively full and tensions ran high. But the few people still traveling are wary of interacting with others. |
| Many of those who continue to fly do so out of necessity, Ms. Metz and Ms. Choma said. One man on a flight with Ms. Choma was traveling home to San Francisco from a visit in Chicago with his father, who was dying of cancer, she said. On another flight, a woman was leaving an abusive husband. Ms. Metz recently transported nearly 75 passengers, many of whom had been stuck on a quarantined cruise ship. | Many of those who continue to fly do so out of necessity, Ms. Metz and Ms. Choma said. One man on a flight with Ms. Choma was traveling home to San Francisco from a visit in Chicago with his father, who was dying of cancer, she said. On another flight, a woman was leaving an abusive husband. Ms. Metz recently transported nearly 75 passengers, many of whom had been stuck on a quarantined cruise ship. |
| For flight crews, the pandemic has altered life in other ways. With airports and their destinations often virtually shut down, planning trips is more difficult. | For flight crews, the pandemic has altered life in other ways. With airports and their destinations often virtually shut down, planning trips is more difficult. |
| One recent Thursday morning, Ms. Choma spent 45 minutes in bed researching the weather and news at her destination, knowing she probably would have a long walk to find dinner. The bag that she normally packs with fresh food and snacks now holds longer-lasting items like Campbell’s Chunky Classic Chicken Noodle Soup, packets of tuna, and blueberry and chocolate coconut Rxbars. | One recent Thursday morning, Ms. Choma spent 45 minutes in bed researching the weather and news at her destination, knowing she probably would have a long walk to find dinner. The bag that she normally packs with fresh food and snacks now holds longer-lasting items like Campbell’s Chunky Classic Chicken Noodle Soup, packets of tuna, and blueberry and chocolate coconut Rxbars. |
| “It’s stuff that if I got stuck somewhere, if something really went bad and they shut down everything, that I’d be OK,” she said. | “It’s stuff that if I got stuck somewhere, if something really went bad and they shut down everything, that I’d be OK,” she said. |
| There are some small comforts in this new reality. On a recent trip to Southern California, Ms. Metz checked into a hotel she often stays at and was assigned a prized room with a view of the San Diego Bay. For Ms. Choma, an hourlong commute now takes 15 minutes, in part because she’s allowed to park closer to the airport instead of in a lot that’s a shuttle ride away. | There are some small comforts in this new reality. On a recent trip to Southern California, Ms. Metz checked into a hotel she often stays at and was assigned a prized room with a view of the San Diego Bay. For Ms. Choma, an hourlong commute now takes 15 minutes, in part because she’s allowed to park closer to the airport instead of in a lot that’s a shuttle ride away. |
| On that recent Thursday, Ms. Choma left the house that she shares with roommates, got in her car and pulled into a spot near Terminal 2 at San Francisco International Airport. There, she put on her lipstick and breezed past the security checkpoint. The quiet of the airport amplified the click of her heels and the squeak of the wheels on her bag, sounds that would normally be drowned out by the crowds. | On that recent Thursday, Ms. Choma left the house that she shares with roommates, got in her car and pulled into a spot near Terminal 2 at San Francisco International Airport. There, she put on her lipstick and breezed past the security checkpoint. The quiet of the airport amplified the click of her heels and the squeak of the wheels on her bag, sounds that would normally be drowned out by the crowds. |
| “It’s like you’re just waiting for the hammer to drop or waiting for the rug to get pulled from under you,” she said. “How far is this going to go? Where is this going to go? What are the airlines going to look like after this?” | “It’s like you’re just waiting for the hammer to drop or waiting for the rug to get pulled from under you,” she said. “How far is this going to go? Where is this going to go? What are the airlines going to look like after this?” |
| At the terminal, Ms. Choma grabbed a cup of coffee from the Napa Farms Market, which is usually so busy that she doesn’t have time to stop. She boarded Flight 1080, bound for Washington. Typically, the plane can seat over 150 passengers, but there were just 12 along with six crew members, she said. | At the terminal, Ms. Choma grabbed a cup of coffee from the Napa Farms Market, which is usually so busy that she doesn’t have time to stop. She boarded Flight 1080, bound for Washington. Typically, the plane can seat over 150 passengers, but there were just 12 along with six crew members, she said. |
| The passengers kept to themselves, so Ms. Choma caught up with her colleagues and then took in the scene. | The passengers kept to themselves, so Ms. Choma caught up with her colleagues and then took in the scene. |
| “It’s just really still in the air,” she said. “And you look down on the ground and everything is clearer than you’ve ever seen it. The oceans are bluer, the lakes are bluer, the grass is greener. That might just be a spring thing, but I swear the air is clearer than it’s ever been before. Or maybe it’s just because I’m able to look out a window.” | “It’s just really still in the air,” she said. “And you look down on the ground and everything is clearer than you’ve ever seen it. The oceans are bluer, the lakes are bluer, the grass is greener. That might just be a spring thing, but I swear the air is clearer than it’s ever been before. Or maybe it’s just because I’m able to look out a window.” |