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| U.S. and Iran Exchange More Threats as Democrats Question Timing of Strike | U.S. and Iran Exchange More Threats as Democrats Question Timing of Strike |
| (about 2 hours later) | |
| WASHINGTON — The United States and Iran exchanged escalating military threats on Friday as President Trump warned that he was “prepared to take whatever action is necessary” if Iran threatened Americans and Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, vowed to exact vengeance for the killing on Mr. Trump’s order of Iran’s most valued general. | WASHINGTON — The United States and Iran exchanged escalating military threats on Friday as President Trump warned that he was “prepared to take whatever action is necessary” if Iran threatened Americans and Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, vowed to exact vengeance for the killing on Mr. Trump’s order of Iran’s most valued general. |
| Although the president insisted that he took the action to avoid a war with Iran, the continuing threats further rattled foreign capitals, global markets and Capitol Hill, where Democrats demanded more information about the strike and Mr. Trump’s grounds for taking such a provocative move without consulting Congress. | Although the president insisted that he took the action to avoid a war with Iran, the continuing threats further rattled foreign capitals, global markets and Capitol Hill, where Democrats demanded more information about the strike and Mr. Trump’s grounds for taking such a provocative move without consulting Congress. |
| Democrats also pressed questions about the attack’s timing and whether it was meant to deflect attention from the president’s expected impeachment trial this month in the Senate. They said he risked suspicion that he was taking action overseas to distract from his political troubles at home, as in the political movie “Wag the Dog.” | Democrats also pressed questions about the attack’s timing and whether it was meant to deflect attention from the president’s expected impeachment trial this month in the Senate. They said he risked suspicion that he was taking action overseas to distract from his political troubles at home, as in the political movie “Wag the Dog.” |
| But Mr. Trump, speaking to reporters in a hastily arranged appearance at Mar-a-Lago, his Florida resort, asserted that Maj. Gen. Qassim Suleimani, who directed Iranian paramilitary forces throughout the Middle East, “was plotting imminent and sinister attacks on American diplomats and military personnel, but we caught him in the act and terminated him.” | But Mr. Trump, speaking to reporters in a hastily arranged appearance at Mar-a-Lago, his Florida resort, asserted that Maj. Gen. Qassim Suleimani, who directed Iranian paramilitary forces throughout the Middle East, “was plotting imminent and sinister attacks on American diplomats and military personnel, but we caught him in the act and terminated him.” |
| Gen. Mark A. Milley, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Secretary of State Mike Pompeo echoed Mr. Trump’s remarks, as did Robert C. O’Brien, the national security adviser. But General Milley, Mr. Pompeo, Mr. O’Brien and other senior administration officials did not describe any threats that were different from what American officials say General Suleimani had been orchestrating for years. | Gen. Mark A. Milley, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Secretary of State Mike Pompeo echoed Mr. Trump’s remarks, as did Robert C. O’Brien, the national security adviser. But General Milley, Mr. Pompeo, Mr. O’Brien and other senior administration officials did not describe any threats that were different from what American officials say General Suleimani had been orchestrating for years. |
| Democrats questioned the lack of specifics about any new threat that would justify Mr. Trump’s order to kill General Suleimani, which both Presidents Barack Obama and George W. Bush had rejected as too risky. | Democrats questioned the lack of specifics about any new threat that would justify Mr. Trump’s order to kill General Suleimani, which both Presidents Barack Obama and George W. Bush had rejected as too risky. |
| “What always kept both Democratic and Republican presidents from targeting Suleimani himself was the simple question: Was the strike worth the likely retaliation and the potential to pull us into protracted conflict?” Representative Elissa Slotkin, Democrat of Michigan and a former C.I.A. analyst and Pentagon official, said in a statement. “The two administrations I worked for both determined that the ultimate ends didn’t justify the means.” | “What always kept both Democratic and Republican presidents from targeting Suleimani himself was the simple question: Was the strike worth the likely retaliation and the potential to pull us into protracted conflict?” Representative Elissa Slotkin, Democrat of Michigan and a former C.I.A. analyst and Pentagon official, said in a statement. “The two administrations I worked for both determined that the ultimate ends didn’t justify the means.” |
| In Baghdad, the State Department urged American citizens to leave Iraq immediately, citing “heightened tensions.” The American Embassy, which had been under siege by pro-Iranian protesters chanting “Death to America” in recent days, suspended consular operations. | In Baghdad, the State Department urged American citizens to leave Iraq immediately, citing “heightened tensions.” The American Embassy, which had been under siege by pro-Iranian protesters chanting “Death to America” in recent days, suspended consular operations. |
| “U.S. citizens should not approach the Embassy,” the State Department warned on Twitter. Iraq’s Parliament is set to meet on Saturday and could consider a measure to expel all United States forces from the country for the first time since 2003. | “U.S. citizens should not approach the Embassy,” the State Department warned on Twitter. Iraq’s Parliament is set to meet on Saturday and could consider a measure to expel all United States forces from the country for the first time since 2003. |
| At Fort Bragg, N.C., some 3,500 members of the 82nd Airborne, ordered to the Middle East this week, prepared to deploy to Kuwait. | At Fort Bragg, N.C., some 3,500 members of the 82nd Airborne, ordered to the Middle East this week, prepared to deploy to Kuwait. |
| On Wall Street, the stock market fell as oil prices jumped after the news of the general’s death: The price of Brent oil, the international benchmark, surged in the early hours of Hong Kong trading to nearly $70 a barrel — an increase of $3. | On Wall Street, the stock market fell as oil prices jumped after the news of the general’s death: The price of Brent oil, the international benchmark, surged in the early hours of Hong Kong trading to nearly $70 a barrel — an increase of $3. |
| The immediate increase in the price of oil was among the largest since an attack on a critical Saudi oil installation in September that temporarily knocked out 5 percent of the world’s supply. | The immediate increase in the price of oil was among the largest since an attack on a critical Saudi oil installation in September that temporarily knocked out 5 percent of the world’s supply. |
| Mr. Trump said that the killing early Friday of General Suleimani, the commander of Iran’s powerful Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps, was long overdue, though he insisted he did not want a larger fight with Iran. | Mr. Trump said that the killing early Friday of General Suleimani, the commander of Iran’s powerful Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps, was long overdue, though he insisted he did not want a larger fight with Iran. |
| “We took action last night to stop a war,” the president said. “We did not take action to start a war.” But moments later, he warned Iran that the American military had “already fully identified” potential targets for further attacks “if Americans anywhere are threatened.” | “We took action last night to stop a war,” the president said. “We did not take action to start a war.” But moments later, he warned Iran that the American military had “already fully identified” potential targets for further attacks “if Americans anywhere are threatened.” |
| By early evening, as he came under growing criticism for what his critics called a reckless national security gamble, Mr. Trump said he wanted to contain the conflict. | By early evening, as he came under growing criticism for what his critics called a reckless national security gamble, Mr. Trump said he wanted to contain the conflict. |
| “We do not seek war, we do not seek nation-building, we do not seek regime change,” Mr. Trump told a gathering of his evangelical supporters in Miami, seeming to draw a contrast with the 2003 American-led invasion of Iraq. | “We do not seek war, we do not seek nation-building, we do not seek regime change,” Mr. Trump told a gathering of his evangelical supporters in Miami, seeming to draw a contrast with the 2003 American-led invasion of Iraq. |
| Hours earlier, Ayatollah Khamenei had warned Mr. Trump that there would be consequences for General Suleimani’s death, who died after an American MQ-9 Reaper drone fired missiles at his convoy as it was leaving Baghdad International Airport. | Hours earlier, Ayatollah Khamenei had warned Mr. Trump that there would be consequences for General Suleimani’s death, who died after an American MQ-9 Reaper drone fired missiles at his convoy as it was leaving Baghdad International Airport. |
| “His departure to God does not end his path or his mission,” Ayatollah Khamenei said in a statement, “but a forceful revenge awaits the criminals who have his blood and the blood of the other martyrs last night on their hands.” | “His departure to God does not end his path or his mission,” Ayatollah Khamenei said in a statement, “but a forceful revenge awaits the criminals who have his blood and the blood of the other martyrs last night on their hands.” |
| Writing on Twitter earlier in the day, Mr. Trump suggested that General Suleimani “got caught” preparing to hit American targets. | Writing on Twitter earlier in the day, Mr. Trump suggested that General Suleimani “got caught” preparing to hit American targets. |
| “General Qassem Soleimani has killed or badly wounded thousands of Americans over an extended period of time, and was plotting to kill many more…but got caught!” Mr. Trump tweeted, using a different spelling of the general’s name. “He was directly and indirectly responsible for the death of millions of people, including the recent large number of PROTESTERS killed in Iran itself.” | “General Qassem Soleimani has killed or badly wounded thousands of Americans over an extended period of time, and was plotting to kill many more…but got caught!” Mr. Trump tweeted, using a different spelling of the general’s name. “He was directly and indirectly responsible for the death of millions of people, including the recent large number of PROTESTERS killed in Iran itself.” |
| An American official said diplomats in Baghdad were nervous about the embassy being the target of retaliation, but noted that Iran had many options, and an embassy attack by pro-Iran militias was only one of them. The embassy is among the most fortified American outposts in the world, and there are other less-guarded targets that Iran could choose. | An American official said diplomats in Baghdad were nervous about the embassy being the target of retaliation, but noted that Iran had many options, and an embassy attack by pro-Iran militias was only one of them. The embassy is among the most fortified American outposts in the world, and there are other less-guarded targets that Iran could choose. |
| The White House approved the strike on General Suleimani after a rocket attack last Friday on an Iraqi military base outside Kirkuk killed an American civilian contractor and injured other American and Iraqi personnel, according to an American official who insisted on anonymity to discuss internal decision making. The Joint Special Operations Command spent the next several days looking for an opportunity. | The White House approved the strike on General Suleimani after a rocket attack last Friday on an Iraqi military base outside Kirkuk killed an American civilian contractor and injured other American and Iraqi personnel, according to an American official who insisted on anonymity to discuss internal decision making. The Joint Special Operations Command spent the next several days looking for an opportunity. |
| The option that was eventually approved depended on General Suleimani’s arrival on Thursday at the Baghdad airport. If he was met by Iraqi officials, the American official said, the strike would be called off. But the official said it turned out to be a “clean party,” and the strike was approved. | The option that was eventually approved depended on General Suleimani’s arrival on Thursday at the Baghdad airport. If he was met by Iraqi officials, the American official said, the strike would be called off. But the official said it turned out to be a “clean party,” and the strike was approved. |
| Briefing reporters on Friday, Mr. O’Brien cited Mr. Trump’s “constitutional authorities as commander in chief to defend our nation” from attacks like those he said General Suleimani had been plotting. He also cited Congress’s 2002 Authorization for Use of Military Force. That measure was approved by Congress to grant the administration of President George W. Bush the legal authority to wage war on Saddam Hussein and the government of Iraq. | |
| The strike touched off an immediate debate in Washington, with Republicans hailing the action as a decisive blow against a longtime enemy with American blood on his hands and Democrats expressing concern that the president was risking a new war in the Middle East. | The strike touched off an immediate debate in Washington, with Republicans hailing the action as a decisive blow against a longtime enemy with American blood on his hands and Democrats expressing concern that the president was risking a new war in the Middle East. |
| As a private citizen, Mr. Trump repeatedly accused Mr. Obama of preparing to go to war with Iran to bolster his re-election chances in 2012. As president, Mr. Trump has questioned his own intelligence agencies and peddled repeated falsehoods, a record that could undermine the administration’s credibility on the highly delicate subject. | As a private citizen, Mr. Trump repeatedly accused Mr. Obama of preparing to go to war with Iran to bolster his re-election chances in 2012. As president, Mr. Trump has questioned his own intelligence agencies and peddled repeated falsehoods, a record that could undermine the administration’s credibility on the highly delicate subject. |
| Democratic leaders complained that Mr. Trump acted without consulting or even telling Congress first. The president responded by retweeting a post comparing Senator Chuck Schumer of New York, the Democratic leader, to the Iranians. | Democratic leaders complained that Mr. Trump acted without consulting or even telling Congress first. The president responded by retweeting a post comparing Senator Chuck Schumer of New York, the Democratic leader, to the Iranians. |
| A post by Dinesh D’Souza, a conservative commentator who was pardoned by Mr. Trump for a campaign finance violation, scoffed at Mr. Schumer’s complaint that he was not told in advance. “Neither were the Iranians, and for pretty much the same reason,” Mr. D’Souza wrote in the tweet reposted by Mr. Trump. | A post by Dinesh D’Souza, a conservative commentator who was pardoned by Mr. Trump for a campaign finance violation, scoffed at Mr. Schumer’s complaint that he was not told in advance. “Neither were the Iranians, and for pretty much the same reason,” Mr. D’Souza wrote in the tweet reposted by Mr. Trump. |
| John R. Bolton, the hawkish former national security adviser who left his job in September after clashes with Mr. Trump on Iran and other issues, offered “congratulations” on the killing of General Suleimani and said it was a “decisive blow” against the Quds Force. Posting on Twitter, he added that he hoped that this was the “first step to regime change in Tehran.” | John R. Bolton, the hawkish former national security adviser who left his job in September after clashes with Mr. Trump on Iran and other issues, offered “congratulations” on the killing of General Suleimani and said it was a “decisive blow” against the Quds Force. Posting on Twitter, he added that he hoped that this was the “first step to regime change in Tehran.” |
| Senator Mitch McConnell, Republican of Kentucky and the majority leader, said that a classified briefing was being arranged for all senators next week and that everyone should welcome the demise of General Suleimani. “For too long, this evil man operated without constraint, and countless innocents have suffered for it,” Mr. McConnell said Friday on the Senate floor. “Now his terrorist leadership has been ended.” | Senator Mitch McConnell, Republican of Kentucky and the majority leader, said that a classified briefing was being arranged for all senators next week and that everyone should welcome the demise of General Suleimani. “For too long, this evil man operated without constraint, and countless innocents have suffered for it,” Mr. McConnell said Friday on the Senate floor. “Now his terrorist leadership has been ended.” |
| Democrats said Mr. Trump’s move could further involve the United States in Middle East conflict rather than pull out as he has promised. “President Trump came into office saying he wanted to end America’s wars in the Middle East, but today we are closer to war with Iran than ever before and the Administration’s reckless policy over the last 3 years has brought us to the brink,” Senator Chris Van Hollen of Maryland tweeted. | Democrats said Mr. Trump’s move could further involve the United States in Middle East conflict rather than pull out as he has promised. “President Trump came into office saying he wanted to end America’s wars in the Middle East, but today we are closer to war with Iran than ever before and the Administration’s reckless policy over the last 3 years has brought us to the brink,” Senator Chris Van Hollen of Maryland tweeted. |
| General Suleimani, the driving force behind Iranian-sponsored attacks and operations over two decades around the region, including in Iraq, Syria, Yemen and Lebanon, was considered perhaps the second-most powerful figure in Iran, after Ayatollah Khamenei. | General Suleimani, the driving force behind Iranian-sponsored attacks and operations over two decades around the region, including in Iraq, Syria, Yemen and Lebanon, was considered perhaps the second-most powerful figure in Iran, after Ayatollah Khamenei. |
| Mr. Pompeo dismissed concerns raised by American allies, who expressed fear of a wider war in the Middle East. A French minister suggested that “we are waking up in a more dangerous world” after the strike. | Mr. Pompeo dismissed concerns raised by American allies, who expressed fear of a wider war in the Middle East. A French minister suggested that “we are waking up in a more dangerous world” after the strike. |
| “Yeah, well, the French are just wrong about that,” Mr. Pompeo said. “The world is a much safer place today. And I can assure you Americans in the region are much safer today after the demise of Qassim Suleimani.” | “Yeah, well, the French are just wrong about that,” Mr. Pompeo said. “The world is a much safer place today. And I can assure you Americans in the region are much safer today after the demise of Qassim Suleimani.” |
| A top Chinese Communist Party official, Yang Jiechi, told Mr. Pompeo in a telephone call that China, Iran’s most powerful partner, was “highly concerned” about the situation in the Middle East and that “differences should be resolved through dialogue,” Zhao Lijian, a Foreign Ministry official, tweeted. | A top Chinese Communist Party official, Yang Jiechi, told Mr. Pompeo in a telephone call that China, Iran’s most powerful partner, was “highly concerned” about the situation in the Middle East and that “differences should be resolved through dialogue,” Zhao Lijian, a Foreign Ministry official, tweeted. |
| Presidents Emmanuel Macron of France and Vladimir V. Putin of Russia spoke by telephone and agreed to try to “prevent a new and dangerous escalation of tensions,” according to a summary issued by Mr. Macron’s office. The French president also stressed the fight against the Islamic State should be a priority, as well as efforts to get Iran to return to compliance on the 2015 nuclear agreement, from which Mr. Trump withdrew but that Russia, China and three European nations still support. | Presidents Emmanuel Macron of France and Vladimir V. Putin of Russia spoke by telephone and agreed to try to “prevent a new and dangerous escalation of tensions,” according to a summary issued by Mr. Macron’s office. The French president also stressed the fight against the Islamic State should be a priority, as well as efforts to get Iran to return to compliance on the 2015 nuclear agreement, from which Mr. Trump withdrew but that Russia, China and three European nations still support. |
| The decision to hit General Suleimani complicates relations with Iraq’s government, which has tried to balance itself between the United States and Iran. | The decision to hit General Suleimani complicates relations with Iraq’s government, which has tried to balance itself between the United States and Iran. |
| A senior Iraqi official said Friday that there was a good chance the Iraqi Parliament would vote to force American troops to leave the country. Top Iraqi leaders earlier had wanted to accommodate the troop presence because of the persistent threat from the Islamic State and other regional security matters. | A senior Iraqi official said Friday that there was a good chance the Iraqi Parliament would vote to force American troops to leave the country. Top Iraqi leaders earlier had wanted to accommodate the troop presence because of the persistent threat from the Islamic State and other regional security matters. |
| On Friday afternoon, the State Department announced it was designating a prominent Iraqi militia supported by Iran as a foreign terrorist organization, in what appeared to be a policy extension of the strike on Mr. Suleimani. The move paved the way for harder American actions against the militia, Aas’ib Ahl al-Haq. | On Friday afternoon, the State Department announced it was designating a prominent Iraqi militia supported by Iran as a foreign terrorist organization, in what appeared to be a policy extension of the strike on Mr. Suleimani. The move paved the way for harder American actions against the militia, Aas’ib Ahl al-Haq. |
| The State Department also designated the leaders of the militia, the brothers Qais al-Khazali and Laith al-Khazali, as global terrorists. The group received training and financing from the Quds Force, the elite unit led by Mr. Suleimani, the department said. | The State Department also designated the leaders of the militia, the brothers Qais al-Khazali and Laith al-Khazali, as global terrorists. The group received training and financing from the Quds Force, the elite unit led by Mr. Suleimani, the department said. |
| Dalia Dassa Kaye, an Iran expert at the RAND Corporation, a research organization, said the killing of General Suleimani was a “major escalation beyond proxy conflict to a direct conflict with Iran that is likely to be viewed in existential terms on Iran’s side,” especially in the wider context of Mr. Trump’s continuing sanctions campaign to isolate Iran. | Dalia Dassa Kaye, an Iran expert at the RAND Corporation, a research organization, said the killing of General Suleimani was a “major escalation beyond proxy conflict to a direct conflict with Iran that is likely to be viewed in existential terms on Iran’s side,” especially in the wider context of Mr. Trump’s continuing sanctions campaign to isolate Iran. |
| She added that likely costs included a rupture with the Iraqi government, which would weaken the fight against the Islamic State; a further alienation of American allies who have been seeking de-escalation this year between Western nations and Iran; and growing challenges to containing Iran’s nuclear ambitions. | She added that likely costs included a rupture with the Iraqi government, which would weaken the fight against the Islamic State; a further alienation of American allies who have been seeking de-escalation this year between Western nations and Iran; and growing challenges to containing Iran’s nuclear ambitions. |
| “Just because the U.S. can take punitive actions doesn’t mean it should,” she said. | “Just because the U.S. can take punitive actions doesn’t mean it should,” she said. |
| Michael Crowley, Peter Baker and Edward Wong reported from Washington, and Maggie Haberman from Palm Beach, Fla. Reporting was contributed by Catie Edmondson, Thomas Gibbons-Neff and Lara Jakes from Washington, and Farnaz Fassihi from New York. | Michael Crowley, Peter Baker and Edward Wong reported from Washington, and Maggie Haberman from Palm Beach, Fla. Reporting was contributed by Catie Edmondson, Thomas Gibbons-Neff and Lara Jakes from Washington, and Farnaz Fassihi from New York. |