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Qassim Suleimani, Iranian General, Cast Long Shadow Over Middle East Qassim Suleimani, Iranian General, Cast Long Shadow Over Middle East
(about 2 hours later)
In July 2018, after President Trump warned Iran’s president not to threaten the United States, a rejoinder came not from the Iranian leader but from a military figure perhaps even more powerful.In July 2018, after President Trump warned Iran’s president not to threaten the United States, a rejoinder came not from the Iranian leader but from a military figure perhaps even more powerful.
“It is beneath the dignity of our president to respond to you,” Maj. Gen. Qassim Suleimani declared in a speech in western Iran. “I, as a soldier, respond to you.”“It is beneath the dignity of our president to respond to you,” Maj. Gen. Qassim Suleimani declared in a speech in western Iran. “I, as a soldier, respond to you.”
On Friday, General Suleimani was reported killed in an airstrike in Baghdad.On Friday, General Suleimani was reported killed in an airstrike in Baghdad.
The general, a once-shadowy figure who enjoyed celebrity status among the hard-line conservatives in Iran, was a figure of intense interest to people both inside and outside the country.The general, a once-shadowy figure who enjoyed celebrity status among the hard-line conservatives in Iran, was a figure of intense interest to people both inside and outside the country.
It is not just that he was in charge of Iranian intelligence gathering and covert military operations, and regarded as one of its most cunning and autonomous military figures. He was also believed to be very close to the country’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei — and seen as a potential future leader of Iran.It is not just that he was in charge of Iranian intelligence gathering and covert military operations, and regarded as one of its most cunning and autonomous military figures. He was also believed to be very close to the country’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei — and seen as a potential future leader of Iran.
That General Suleimani was in Iraq when he was killed at age 62, at the Baghdad International Airport, was not surprising.That General Suleimani was in Iraq when he was killed at age 62, at the Baghdad International Airport, was not surprising.
He was in charge of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps’ Quds Force, a special forces unit that undertakes Iranian missions in other countries. He had been named to lead it in the late 1990s.He was in charge of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps’ Quds Force, a special forces unit that undertakes Iranian missions in other countries. He had been named to lead it in the late 1990s.
In that role, General Suleimani was believed to be the chief strategist behind Iran’s military ventures and influence in Syria, Iraq and elsewhere in the region and beyond. He was considered the most effective military intelligence official in the region.In that role, General Suleimani was believed to be the chief strategist behind Iran’s military ventures and influence in Syria, Iraq and elsewhere in the region and beyond. He was considered the most effective military intelligence official in the region.
A senior Iraqi intelligence official once told American officials in Baghdad that General Suleimani had described himself as the “sole authority for Iranian actions in Iraq.”A senior Iraqi intelligence official once told American officials in Baghdad that General Suleimani had described himself as the “sole authority for Iranian actions in Iraq.”
In his speech denouncing President Trump, he was even less discreet — and openly mocking. American officials had learned to see General Suleimani as a formidable adversary.
“We are near you, where you can’t even imagine,” he said. “We are ready. We are the man of this arena.”
Well before the speech, American officials had learned to see General Suleimani as a formidable adversary.
After the 2003 American-led invasion of Iraq that toppled Saddam Hussein, the United States accused General Suleimani of plotting attacks on American soldiers.After the 2003 American-led invasion of Iraq that toppled Saddam Hussein, the United States accused General Suleimani of plotting attacks on American soldiers.
The general worked to expand Iran’s influence in Iraq, tying down the American military. The Iranian government was determined to retain its influence in the region and felt threatened by expanding American military presence on its western and eastern flanks.The general worked to expand Iran’s influence in Iraq, tying down the American military. The Iranian government was determined to retain its influence in the region and felt threatened by expanding American military presence on its western and eastern flanks.
And in 2011, the Treasury Department placed him on a sanctions blacklist, accusing him of complicity in what American officials called a plot to kill the Saudi ambassador to Washington.And in 2011, the Treasury Department placed him on a sanctions blacklist, accusing him of complicity in what American officials called a plot to kill the Saudi ambassador to Washington.
But at times, adversary looked more like ally, however tenuous the relationship. American officials also cooperated with the Iranian general in Iraq to reverse gains made by the Islamic State — a mutual enemy.But at times, adversary looked more like ally, however tenuous the relationship. American officials also cooperated with the Iranian general in Iraq to reverse gains made by the Islamic State — a mutual enemy.
At the height of the Iraq War, as the Quds Force under General Suleimani armed and trained Shiite militias in Iraq, former American officials have said the general was stoking violence and then mediating the conflict, so he could make himself indispensable and keep the Iraqis off balance.At the height of the Iraq War, as the Quds Force under General Suleimani armed and trained Shiite militias in Iraq, former American officials have said the general was stoking violence and then mediating the conflict, so he could make himself indispensable and keep the Iraqis off balance.
According to a June 2008 cable written by Ryan C. Crocker, then the American ambassador to Baghdad, General Suleimani played a role in brokering a cease-fire that enabled the battered Shiite militias in the Sadr City neighborhood of Baghdad, which Iran was supporting, to withdraw.According to a June 2008 cable written by Ryan C. Crocker, then the American ambassador to Baghdad, General Suleimani played a role in brokering a cease-fire that enabled the battered Shiite militias in the Sadr City neighborhood of Baghdad, which Iran was supporting, to withdraw.
In 2015, General Suleimani was in the northern Iraqi city of Tikrit, commanding Iraqi Shiite militias that were trying to recapture it from ISIS fighters. American warplanes belatedly joined that campaign.In 2015, General Suleimani was in the northern Iraqi city of Tikrit, commanding Iraqi Shiite militias that were trying to recapture it from ISIS fighters. American warplanes belatedly joined that campaign.
General Suleimani also caught the imagination of ordinary Iranians. He came to prominence during Iran’s bloody eight-year war with Iraq. As a Revolutionary Guards’ commander, he gained a reputation for leading reconnaissance missions behind Iraqi lines.General Suleimani also caught the imagination of ordinary Iranians. He came to prominence during Iran’s bloody eight-year war with Iraq. As a Revolutionary Guards’ commander, he gained a reputation for leading reconnaissance missions behind Iraqi lines.
“For Qassim Suleimani, the Iran-Iraq war never really ended,” Mr. Crocker once said in an interview. “No human being could have come through such a World War I-style conflict and not have been forever affected. His strategic goal was an outright victory over Iraq, and if that was not possible, to create and influence a weak Iraq.”“For Qassim Suleimani, the Iran-Iraq war never really ended,” Mr. Crocker once said in an interview. “No human being could have come through such a World War I-style conflict and not have been forever affected. His strategic goal was an outright victory over Iraq, and if that was not possible, to create and influence a weak Iraq.”