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Queen's Speech 2019: What can we expect? Queen's Speech: What is on Boris Johnson's to-do list?
(1 day later)
On Monday Elizabeth II will deliver her 65th Queen's Speech to Parliament, outlining the government's plans and 22 bills. So what can we expect? Sitting on the Sovereign's Throne, Elizabeth II delivered the 65th Queen's Speech of her reign to Parliament earlier.
The speech outlined the government's agenda for the coming parliamentary session, with 26 bills - pieces of proposed legislation - spanning health, education, defence, technology, transport and crime, as well as Brexit.
Here's what the Queen's Speech contained, and what it may mean in practice.
BrexitBrexit
The main piece of legislation will be the Withdrawal Agreement Bill, to be voted on if Boris Johnson agrees a Brexit deal with the EU this week. What the speech said: "My government intends to work towards a new partnership with the European Union, based on free trade and friendly co-operation."
Other bills will focus on "access to innovative medicines" and opening up markets to "create jobs throughout the UK" following Brexit, Downing Street says. What it means: If Boris Johnson can secure a deal this week - which is backed by MPs - he will then need to pass the European Union Agreement Bill, ratifying it into UK law.
Her Majesty also spoke of "new regimes" post-Brexit for fisheries, agriculture and trade and a new immigration system. All of these require new laws.
Law and order
What the speech said: "My government is committed to addressing violent crime, and to strengthening public confidence in the criminal justice system."
What it means: Law and order dominated the government's announcements. They included separate bills covering sentencing, foreign national criminals, extradition, serious violence, prisoners and police protections.
The extradition bill would create powers to immediately arrest suspected criminals who are in the UK but wanted in other "trusted" countries.
The sentencing bill would push back the automatic release point for violent and sexual offenders from half-way to two-thirds of the way through a sentence.
A Foreign Nationals Offenders Bill would increase the maximum punishment for those who return to the UK in breach of a deportation order.
RailRail
A bill proposing scrapping the rail franchise system - the contracting out of services that was introduced when the system was privatised in the 1990s - will be included in the speech. What the speech said: "Proposals on railway reform will be brought forward."
What it means: Ministers are signalling that a new commercial model for the railways will arrive in 2020, replacing the existing franchised system - with more details to be published soon.
NHSNHS
Plans to update the Mental Health Act and for an investigations body to improve patient safety will be unveiled, according to newspaper reports. What the speech said: "New laws will be taken forward to help implement the National Health Service's Long Term Plan in England."
Justice What it means: On top of a renewed commitment to the plan - first published under Theresa May - the government will focus on improving mental health care and will bring in new laws aimed at improving patient safety and increasing the number of clinical trials for new drugs.
At the Conservative Party conference, Justice Secretary Robert Buckland pledged to increase the time served in prison for those found guilty of the most serious violent and sexual offences. Health is devolved, so Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have other plans.
This is likely to come alongside proposals to offer more support to those affected by serious crime. Adult social care
Crime What the speech said: "My government will bring forward proposals to reform adult social care in England to ensure dignity in old age."
Home Secretary Priti Patel has said the government will bring in sentences that will make people "think twice" before assaulting a police officer. What it means: In the long term, ministers are promising a further consultation - in the form of a green paper - on reforming the existing system.
There could also be a new "police covenant" - a promise recognising the service and sacrifice of officers - to be enshrined in law. In the shorter term, local authorities could be allowed to increase council tax by an extra 2% to raise £500m towards paying for care for the elderly.
EnvironmentEnvironment
A bill aimed at setting binding targets on air pollution and cutting plastic use will be introduced. What the speech said: "For the first time ever, environmental principles will be enshrined into law."
What it means: Recalling especially pollutant vehicles, charges for certain single-use plastics and protecting trees are just some of the measures being considered in a new environment bill.
There is also a strong focus on animal welfare, with bills pledged increasing the sentence for animal cruelty.
DevolutionDevolution
The government says it is prioritising enhanced devolution, with more metropolitan mayors, greater powers for existing mayors and more control locally of how money is spent or prioritised. What the speech said: "A white paper will be published to set out my government's ambitions for unleashing regional potential in England, and to enable decisions that affect local people to be made at a local level."
Legislation will likely follow a white paper - consultation document - laying out the PM's intentions. What it means: The government is not committing to specific new laws in this area, but the policy paper is expected to expand the number, powers and funding of local mayors in England.
International issues Grenfell and Windrush
Named after the Russian lawyer who uncovered large-scale tax fraud by his compatriots, Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab wants to bring in a "Magnitsky law" to place visa bans and asset freezes on those responsible for severe human rights abuse. What the speech said: "My Ministers... will bring forward laws to implement new building safety standards."
What it means: With the continuing fall-out from the Grenfell disaster in 2017, ministers plan to put into law a new safety framework for high-rise housing blocks.
It would include giving local residents more of a say and putting in place strong significant sanctions for house builders that don't meet the safety standards.
The government also plans to pass a new law to secure the compensation scheme for victims of the Windrush scandal.
Drones and tips
What the speech said on drones: "An aviation bill will provide for the effective and efficient management of the UK's airspace."
What it means: A bill would give police more powers to tackle unlawful use of drones and other model aircraft following last year's high-profile disruption at Gatwick airport.
What the speech said on tips: "Take steps to make work fairer, introducing measures that will support those working hard."
What it means: This is a popular measure, welcomed by Labour, that would force employers in England and Wales to distribute all tips to workers without deductions.
ID for voting
What the speech said: "My government will take steps to protect the integrity of democracy and the electoral system."
What it means: A new law is being touted which would require people to show photo ID to vote in UK elections.
Labour says this is an attempt to "rig" the next election, by suppressing turnout among younger and ethnic minority voters.
Carried-over billsCarried-over bills
There are four pieces of legislation that will be in the Queen's Speech because they were "carried over" from the last parliamentary session. There are four pieces of legislation that were "carried over" from the last session.
These include a bill supporting the delivery of the Commonwealth Games in Birmingham in 2022, one for the next stage of the HS2 rail link and another aimed at helping victims of domestic abuse. This means the government has decided to carry on from where they left off before prorogation, rather than starting from scratch.
The four include the Domestic Abuse Bill, which has cross-party support and started its journey through Parliament at the beginning of October.
What next?What next?
After four or five days of debate MPs also vote on the Queen's Speech and any amendments made by MPs. After six days of debate, MPs will vote on the Queen's Speech and any amendments made by MPs.
The last PM to lose such a vote was Stanley Baldwin in 1924. Boris Johnson, who does not have a majority in the Commons, is at risk of potential defeat. The last PM to lose such a vote was Stanley Baldwin in 1924.