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| 2 Giuliani Associates Tied to Ukraine Scandal Arrested on Campaign Finance Charges | 2 Giuliani Associates Tied to Ukraine Scandal Arrested on Campaign Finance Charges |
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| WASHINGTON — Two associates of the president’s private lawyer Rudolph W. Giuliani, who helped fund efforts to investigate one of President Trump’s political rivals, were charged with violating campaign finance laws in a new criminal case that touched on their work in Ukraine and alleged financial ties to Russia. | WASHINGTON — Two associates of the president’s private lawyer Rudolph W. Giuliani, who helped fund efforts to investigate one of President Trump’s political rivals, were charged with violating campaign finance laws in a new criminal case that touched on their work in Ukraine and alleged financial ties to Russia. |
| The F.B.I. arrested the two men, Lev Parnas and Igor Fruman, who are also important witnesses in the House’s impeachment inquiry, as they were trying to board a Frankfurt-bound flight with one-way tickets on Wednesday night at Dulles International Airport in Virginia. | The F.B.I. arrested the two men, Lev Parnas and Igor Fruman, who are also important witnesses in the House’s impeachment inquiry, as they were trying to board a Frankfurt-bound flight with one-way tickets on Wednesday night at Dulles International Airport in Virginia. |
| The four-count indictment came as Mr. Trump continued to defend his pressure campaign, in which Mr. Giuliani figured prominently, to get Ukraine’s government to open investigations that could benefit him politically. Their effort is already the subject of an impeachment inquiry, and the new indictments suggest the first criminal implications of the shadow foreign policy being pushed by Mr. Giuliani on behalf of the president. | The four-count indictment came as Mr. Trump continued to defend his pressure campaign, in which Mr. Giuliani figured prominently, to get Ukraine’s government to open investigations that could benefit him politically. Their effort is already the subject of an impeachment inquiry, and the new indictments suggest the first criminal implications of the shadow foreign policy being pushed by Mr. Giuliani on behalf of the president. |
| “This investigation is about corrupt behavior — deliberate lawbreaking,” said William F. Sweeney Jr., the top agent in the F.B.I.’s New York office. | “This investigation is about corrupt behavior — deliberate lawbreaking,” said William F. Sweeney Jr., the top agent in the F.B.I.’s New York office. |
| The indictment connected Mr. Parnas and Mr. Fruman to an effort to remove the United States ambassador to Ukraine, Marie L. Yovanovitch, from her post. Ms. Yovanovitch was recalled last spring after coming under criticism from many allies of Mr. Trump. House Democrats are looking into whether her removal was linked to Mr. Trump’s efforts to gain politically helpful information in Ukraine. | The indictment connected Mr. Parnas and Mr. Fruman to an effort to remove the United States ambassador to Ukraine, Marie L. Yovanovitch, from her post. Ms. Yovanovitch was recalled last spring after coming under criticism from many allies of Mr. Trump. House Democrats are looking into whether her removal was linked to Mr. Trump’s efforts to gain politically helpful information in Ukraine. |
| According to the indictment released on Thursday, Mr. Parnas and Mr. Fruman, who previously drew the attention of the Federal Election Commission for donating $325,000 to a pro-Trump super PAC last year, donated money to and pledged to raise additional funds in 2018 for a member of Congress who, while not named in the indictment, is identified in campaign finance filings as Representative Pete Sessions, Republican of Texas. | According to the indictment released on Thursday, Mr. Parnas and Mr. Fruman, who previously drew the attention of the Federal Election Commission for donating $325,000 to a pro-Trump super PAC last year, donated money to and pledged to raise additional funds in 2018 for a member of Congress who, while not named in the indictment, is identified in campaign finance filings as Representative Pete Sessions, Republican of Texas. |
| Mr. Parnas then asked Mr. Sessions for his help in pressing the Trump administration to remove Ms. Yovanovitch. | Mr. Parnas then asked Mr. Sessions for his help in pressing the Trump administration to remove Ms. Yovanovitch. |
| The indictment said Mr. Parnas acted, “at least in part, at the request of one or more Ukrainian government officials.” The indictment named no Ukrainian officials, but Ms. Yovanovitch’s main critic in the Ukrainian government was Yuriy Lutsenko, then the nation’s prosecutor general. | The indictment said Mr. Parnas acted, “at least in part, at the request of one or more Ukrainian government officials.” The indictment named no Ukrainian officials, but Ms. Yovanovitch’s main critic in the Ukrainian government was Yuriy Lutsenko, then the nation’s prosecutor general. |
| “They sought political influence not only to advance their own financial interests, but to advance the political interests of at least one foreign official — a Ukrainian government official who sought the dismissal of the U.S. ambassador to Ukraine,” Geoffrey S. Berman, the United States attorney for the Southern District of New York, said at a news conference announcing the charges. | “They sought political influence not only to advance their own financial interests, but to advance the political interests of at least one foreign official — a Ukrainian government official who sought the dismissal of the U.S. ambassador to Ukraine,” Geoffrey S. Berman, the United States attorney for the Southern District of New York, said at a news conference announcing the charges. |
| “Protecting the integrity of our elections — and protecting our elections from unlawful foreign influence — are core functions of our campaign finance laws,” he said. | “Protecting the integrity of our elections — and protecting our elections from unlawful foreign influence — are core functions of our campaign finance laws,” he said. |
| Mr. Parnas and Mr. Fruman illegally funneled money through a company they set up to mask themselves as its sources, then gave the money to the pro-Trump super PAC, America First Action, the indictment said. | Mr. Parnas and Mr. Fruman illegally funneled money through a company they set up to mask themselves as its sources, then gave the money to the pro-Trump super PAC, America First Action, the indictment said. |
| Prosecutors said Mr. Parnas and Mr. Fruman, along with two other men indicted on Thursday, David Correia and Andrey Kukushkin, also funneled money with ties to Russia to state and federal candidates in exchange for potential influence, according to court papers. The men wanted to set up recreational marijuana businesses in Nevada and other states, and were seeking political help to get access to the necessary licenses. | Prosecutors said Mr. Parnas and Mr. Fruman, along with two other men indicted on Thursday, David Correia and Andrey Kukushkin, also funneled money with ties to Russia to state and federal candidates in exchange for potential influence, according to court papers. The men wanted to set up recreational marijuana businesses in Nevada and other states, and were seeking political help to get access to the necessary licenses. |
| A federal judge in Alexandria, Va., set bail on Thursday for Mr. Parnas and Mr. Fruman at $1 million each. Prosecutors argued that they were flight risks. | |
| Dressed in T-shirts, Mr. Fruman and Mr. Parnas were represented by two lawyers who defended Paul Manafort, Mr. Trump’s onetime campaign chairman who was convicted of financial fraud in the same courthouse last year. The lawyers, Kevin M. Downing and Thomas Zehnle, said they were only representing the men for the hearing; neither has hired a lawyer, they said. | |
| Another hearing was scheduled for Thursday in New York, where the charges were filed. Both men face four felony charges. Three counts each carry a maximum penalty of five years each, while the fourth charge caries a maximum penalty of 20 years. | |
| Mr. Correia was still at large but was expected to turn himself in, according to a law enforcement official. | Mr. Correia was still at large but was expected to turn himself in, according to a law enforcement official. |
| Mr. Kukushkin appeared briefly in federal court in San Francisco, where the government argued that he was a flight risk who should not be granted bail, citing his connections to overseas wealth, his multiple properties in the Bay Area and his refusal to turn over his Ukrainian passport. His lawyer, Alan Dressler, did not immediately respond to a request for comment. | Mr. Kukushkin appeared briefly in federal court in San Francisco, where the government argued that he was a flight risk who should not be granted bail, citing his connections to overseas wealth, his multiple properties in the Bay Area and his refusal to turn over his Ukrainian passport. His lawyer, Alan Dressler, did not immediately respond to a request for comment. |
| Hours after the indictment was unsealed, House impeachment investigators doubled down on their own efforts to speak to Mr. Parnas and Mr. Fruman, issuing subpoenas compelling them to answer questions about their work with Mr. Giuliani in Ukraine. | Hours after the indictment was unsealed, House impeachment investigators doubled down on their own efforts to speak to Mr. Parnas and Mr. Fruman, issuing subpoenas compelling them to answer questions about their work with Mr. Giuliani in Ukraine. |
| The subpoenas, which instruct them to appear on Wednesday, makes no mention of the federal indictment, which may complicate their ability or willingness to cooperate with the impeachment investigation. Facing criminal charges for work that appears to have at least some connection to the subject of the impeachment inquiry, they may choose to assert Fifth Amendment rights. | The subpoenas, which instruct them to appear on Wednesday, makes no mention of the federal indictment, which may complicate their ability or willingness to cooperate with the impeachment investigation. Facing criminal charges for work that appears to have at least some connection to the subject of the impeachment inquiry, they may choose to assert Fifth Amendment rights. |
| Attorney General William P. Barr visited the United States attorney’s office in Manhattan on Thursday morning as part of a scheduled trip to see prosecutors in New York this week. He was briefed on the campaign finance case throughout the year and was notified of the charges and arrests ahead of time, a Justice Department official said. | Attorney General William P. Barr visited the United States attorney’s office in Manhattan on Thursday morning as part of a scheduled trip to see prosecutors in New York this week. He was briefed on the campaign finance case throughout the year and was notified of the charges and arrests ahead of time, a Justice Department official said. |
| Mr. Parnas and Mr. Fruman aided Mr. Giuliani’s efforts to gin up investigations in Ukraine into former Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. and his son Hunter Biden, among other potentially politically beneficial investigations for Mr. Trump. | Mr. Parnas and Mr. Fruman aided Mr. Giuliani’s efforts to gin up investigations in Ukraine into former Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. and his son Hunter Biden, among other potentially politically beneficial investigations for Mr. Trump. |
| Mr. Trump spoke by phone with President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine on July 25 and pressed for help from Ukraine in looking into the Bidens and the origins of the special counsel’s investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 election. House Democrats and an anonymous whistle-blower have said this was an abuse of his office for personal gain. | Mr. Trump spoke by phone with President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine on July 25 and pressed for help from Ukraine in looking into the Bidens and the origins of the special counsel’s investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 election. House Democrats and an anonymous whistle-blower have said this was an abuse of his office for personal gain. |
| The defendants named in the indictment on Thursday were charged with making illegal campaign contributions. | The defendants named in the indictment on Thursday were charged with making illegal campaign contributions. |
| The indictment called one element of the case a “foreign national donor scheme” in which the defendants conspired to make political donations, funded by someone identified only as “Foreign National-1” who had “Russian roots.” | The indictment called one element of the case a “foreign national donor scheme” in which the defendants conspired to make political donations, funded by someone identified only as “Foreign National-1” who had “Russian roots.” |
| The goal, according to the indictment, was to funnel money “to politicians and candidates for federal and state offices to gain influence with candidates as to policies that would benefit a future business venture.” | The goal, according to the indictment, was to funnel money “to politicians and candidates for federal and state offices to gain influence with candidates as to policies that would benefit a future business venture.” |
| The arrangement involved an attempt to seek licenses to sell legal marijuana in Nevada, but the defendants missed the deadline to apply for the licenses — “two months too late to the game unless we change the rules,” Mr. Kukushkin told the foreign national in late October 2018, according to the indictment. | The arrangement involved an attempt to seek licenses to sell legal marijuana in Nevada, but the defendants missed the deadline to apply for the licenses — “two months too late to the game unless we change the rules,” Mr. Kukushkin told the foreign national in late October 2018, according to the indictment. |
| Mr. Kukushkin noted that a state political candidate in Nevada, identified in the indictment as “Candidate-1," would be in a position to change the rules, if elected. Days later, Mr. Fruman donated $10,000 to the candidate’s campaign, which campaign finance records identify as Wesley Karl Duncan, a Republican running at the time for the Nevada attorney general seat, which he lost to a Democrat. | Mr. Kukushkin noted that a state political candidate in Nevada, identified in the indictment as “Candidate-1," would be in a position to change the rules, if elected. Days later, Mr. Fruman donated $10,000 to the candidate’s campaign, which campaign finance records identify as Wesley Karl Duncan, a Republican running at the time for the Nevada attorney general seat, which he lost to a Democrat. |
| Mr. Duncan said he learned of the indictment on Thursday and immediately directed his campaign treasurer to return Mr. Fruman’s contribution. “I had no idea Mr. Fruman was acting unlawfully,” Mr. Duncan said in a statement. | |
| Mr. Fruman also donated $10,000 on Nov. 1 to a second unnamed candidate, according to the indictment. Campaign records identified the candidate as Adam Laxalt, the former Nevada attorney general who was running for the governor’s seat and lost. Mr. Laxalt, who was at the White House on Tuesday for a Presidential Medal of Freedom ceremony, has been the subject of recent talk about running in a primary race against Representative Mark Amodei, one of a growing number of Republicans who support the House impeachment inquiry. Mr. Amodei has not said that Mr. Trump should be impeached, but that Congress should “follow the facts.” | |
| Mr. Fruman “came to a Las Vegas fund-raiser. Adam doesn’t know the man,” said a spokesman for Mr. Laxalt, Andy Matthews. He did not immediately respond to questions about Mr. Fruman’s campaign contribution. | |
| Mr. Parnas and Mr. Fruman also pledged to raise funds for Mr. Sessions of Texas, identified as “Congressman-1” in the indictment, according to a person familiar with the matter. The men asked Mr. Sessions, who then was the chairman of the powerful House Rules Committee, for his help in removing Ms. Yovanovitch, according to the indictment. | Mr. Parnas and Mr. Fruman also pledged to raise funds for Mr. Sessions of Texas, identified as “Congressman-1” in the indictment, according to a person familiar with the matter. The men asked Mr. Sessions, who then was the chairman of the powerful House Rules Committee, for his help in removing Ms. Yovanovitch, according to the indictment. |
| Impeachment investigators are also intensely interested in her removal. Mr. Sessions lost his re-election bid in 2018. | Impeachment investigators are also intensely interested in her removal. Mr. Sessions lost his re-election bid in 2018. |
| The indictment said Mr. Parnas and Mr. Kukushkin, who was arrested in San Francisco, are Ukrainian-born Americans, while Mr. Fruman was born in Belarus and became an American citizen. Mr. Correia is American-born. | The indictment said Mr. Parnas and Mr. Kukushkin, who was arrested in San Francisco, are Ukrainian-born Americans, while Mr. Fruman was born in Belarus and became an American citizen. Mr. Correia is American-born. |
| Mr. Parnas and Mr. Kukushkin were expected to appear Thursday in court in Northern Virginia, according to a spokesman in the United States attorney’s office in Manhattan. | Mr. Parnas and Mr. Kukushkin were expected to appear Thursday in court in Northern Virginia, according to a spokesman in the United States attorney’s office in Manhattan. |
| Mr. Parnas and Mr. Fruman have acted as emissaries in Ukraine for Mr. Giuliani as he has sought to uncover information about, and encourage investigations into, Mr. Trump’s rivals, including Mr. Biden. | Mr. Parnas and Mr. Fruman have acted as emissaries in Ukraine for Mr. Giuliani as he has sought to uncover information about, and encourage investigations into, Mr. Trump’s rivals, including Mr. Biden. |
| Mr. Parnas, who has known Mr. Giuliani for years, worked with Mr. Fruman to connect Mr. Giuliani to Ukrainian prosecutors who provided information to Mr. Giuliani, as The New York Times revealed in May. | Mr. Parnas, who has known Mr. Giuliani for years, worked with Mr. Fruman to connect Mr. Giuliani to Ukrainian prosecutors who provided information to Mr. Giuliani, as The New York Times revealed in May. |
| House Democrats are interested in whether Mr. Trump and Mr. Giuliani viewed the former ambassador to Ukraine as an impediment to attempts to pressure Ukraine to undertake the investigations they desired. Ms. Yovanovitch is scheduled to appear Friday on Capitol Hill, but she remains an employee of the State Department, which could try to stop her testimony. House Democrats are prepared to issue a subpoena if it does. | House Democrats are interested in whether Mr. Trump and Mr. Giuliani viewed the former ambassador to Ukraine as an impediment to attempts to pressure Ukraine to undertake the investigations they desired. Ms. Yovanovitch is scheduled to appear Friday on Capitol Hill, but she remains an employee of the State Department, which could try to stop her testimony. House Democrats are prepared to issue a subpoena if it does. |
| Mr. Parnas and Mr. Fruman are based in South Florida, and are executives of an energy company that donated $325,000 to a pro-Trump super PAC last year, prompting a Federal Election Commission complaint by a nonpartisan campaign finance watchdog accusing the men and the company of violating campaign finance laws. According to the indictment, not long before the large donation, Mr. Parnas and Mr. Fruman created a limited liability company called Global Energy Products, which they used to funnel large contributions. | Mr. Parnas and Mr. Fruman are based in South Florida, and are executives of an energy company that donated $325,000 to a pro-Trump super PAC last year, prompting a Federal Election Commission complaint by a nonpartisan campaign finance watchdog accusing the men and the company of violating campaign finance laws. According to the indictment, not long before the large donation, Mr. Parnas and Mr. Fruman created a limited liability company called Global Energy Products, which they used to funnel large contributions. |
| Last month, Mr. Giuliani sought to minimize the significance of the campaign finance inquiry into the two men and said it was resolved. And on Thursday, he questioned the timing of the indictment. “All I can tell you about this arrest is, it comes at a very suspicious time,” he said. | Last month, Mr. Giuliani sought to minimize the significance of the campaign finance inquiry into the two men and said it was resolved. And on Thursday, he questioned the timing of the indictment. “All I can tell you about this arrest is, it comes at a very suspicious time,” he said. |
| Mr. Parnas’s and Mr. Fruman’s lawyer, John M. Dowd, who previously represented Mr. Trump in the special counsel’s inquiry, did not immediately respond to a request for comment. | Mr. Parnas’s and Mr. Fruman’s lawyer, John M. Dowd, who previously represented Mr. Trump in the special counsel’s inquiry, did not immediately respond to a request for comment. |
| The Wall Street Journal first reported the charges. | The Wall Street Journal first reported the charges. |
| Eileen Sullivan and Adam Goldman reported from Washington, and William K. Rashbaum from New York. Reporting was contributed by Nicholas Fandos, Katie Benner and Kenneth P. Vogel from Washington; Maggie Haberman from New York; Kate Conger from San Francisco and Zach Montague from Alexandria, Va. Susan Beachy contributed research. |