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Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded for Exoplanet Discovery and Cosmology Advances Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded for Cosmology and Exoplanet Discoveries
(32 minutes later)
The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded jointly to James Peebles, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz for their contributions to the understanding of the evolution of the universe and the Earth’s place in the cosmos.The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded jointly to James Peebles, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz for their contributions to the understanding of the evolution of the universe and the Earth’s place in the cosmos.
Professor Peebles was awarded half the prize, while Professor Mayor and Professor Queloz shared their portion, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced in Stockholm on Tuesday.Professor Peebles was awarded half the prize, while Professor Mayor and Professor Queloz shared their portion, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced in Stockholm on Tuesday.
Professor Peebles’s work, which began in the 1960s, focused on theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology. Through his work and new ways of observing the universe, cosmology evolved into a more precise, mathematical science.Professor Peebles’s work, which began in the 1960s, focused on theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology. Through his work and new ways of observing the universe, cosmology evolved into a more precise, mathematical science.
Professor Mayor and Professor Queloz were the first to identify an exoplanet orbiting a star similar to our sun — 50 light years away.Professor Mayor and Professor Queloz were the first to identify an exoplanet orbiting a star similar to our sun — 50 light years away.
Professor Peebles’s work on physical cosmology “enriched the entire field of research,” according to the Royal Swedish Academy of Science, and laid a foundation for the transformation of the science of cosmology over the past 50 years, “from speculation to science.”Professor Peebles’s work on physical cosmology “enriched the entire field of research,” according to the Royal Swedish Academy of Science, and laid a foundation for the transformation of the science of cosmology over the past 50 years, “from speculation to science.”
The framework became the basis of our contemporary ideas about the universe.The framework became the basis of our contemporary ideas about the universe.
The discovery of the first planet outside of our solar system, announced by Professor Mayor and Professor Queloz in 1995, revolutionized astronomy. More than 4,000 exoplanets have since been discovered in the Milky Way galaxy. The discovery of the first planet outside of our solar system, announced by Professor Mayor and Professor Queloz in 1995, revolutionized astronomy. More than 4,000 exoplanets have since been discovered in the Milky Way galaxy.
The professors’ team discovered this exoplanet — 51 Pegasi b, a gaseous ball comparable to our solar system’s own gas giant Jupiter — using custom instruments at the Haute-Provence Observatory in southern France.The professors’ team discovered this exoplanet — 51 Pegasi b, a gaseous ball comparable to our solar system’s own gas giant Jupiter — using custom instruments at the Haute-Provence Observatory in southern France.
James Peebles is the Albert Einstein professor of science at Princeton. On his webpage, he notes that, “I continue to work in physical cosmology, with preference for underappreciated issues. They are not uncommon, despite the great advances from the small science I encountered a half century ago to today’s big science.”James Peebles is the Albert Einstein professor of science at Princeton. On his webpage, he notes that, “I continue to work in physical cosmology, with preference for underappreciated issues. They are not uncommon, despite the great advances from the small science I encountered a half century ago to today’s big science.”
Michel Mayor is an astrophysicist and professor emeritus at the Department of Astronomy at the University of Geneva. He formally retired in 2007, according to the Planetary Society, but remains active as a researcher at the Observatory of Geneva.Michel Mayor is an astrophysicist and professor emeritus at the Department of Astronomy at the University of Geneva. He formally retired in 2007, according to the Planetary Society, but remains active as a researcher at the Observatory of Geneva.
Didier Queloz is a professor of physics at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University, and at the University of Geneva, where he is “at the origin of the exoplanet revolution in astrophysics.”Didier Queloz is a professor of physics at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University, and at the University of Geneva, where he is “at the origin of the exoplanet revolution in astrophysics.”
Professor Peebles, who spoke to reporters by phone during the announcement of the award, offered advice to young people eager to enter science.Professor Peebles, who spoke to reporters by phone during the announcement of the award, offered advice to young people eager to enter science.
“You should enter it for the love of the science,” he said. “The prizes and awards, they are charming, very much appreciated, but that’s not part of your plans. You should enter science because you are fascinated by it — that’s what I did.”“You should enter it for the love of the science,” he said. “The prizes and awards, they are charming, very much appreciated, but that’s not part of your plans. You should enter science because you are fascinated by it — that’s what I did.”
He also noted that despite deeper understanding of the formation of the universe gathered by his research, the nature of dark matter and energy still remains quite mysterious.He also noted that despite deeper understanding of the formation of the universe gathered by his research, the nature of dark matter and energy still remains quite mysterious.
“Although we have made great advances in understanding the nature of the evolution of our universe, there are still many open questions,” Professor Peebles said.“Although we have made great advances in understanding the nature of the evolution of our universe, there are still many open questions,” Professor Peebles said.
He said honoring both the theoretical discoveries he had made and the observations of his fellow honorees, Professor Mayor and Professor Queloz, was important because it reflected the relationship between the two advances.He said honoring both the theoretical discoveries he had made and the observations of his fellow honorees, Professor Mayor and Professor Queloz, was important because it reflected the relationship between the two advances.
The prize last year went to Arthur Ashkin of the United States, Gérard Mourou of France and Donna Strickland of Canada for their work with lasers and microscopy, developing tools such as optical tweezers and chirped pulse amplification.The prize last year went to Arthur Ashkin of the United States, Gérard Mourou of France and Donna Strickland of Canada for their work with lasers and microscopy, developing tools such as optical tweezers and chirped pulse amplification.
Dr. Strickland was only the third woman to win the prize.Dr. Strickland was only the third woman to win the prize.
The prize for medicine and physiology was awarded to William G. Kaelin Jr., Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza for their work in discovering how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability.The prize for medicine and physiology was awarded to William G. Kaelin Jr., Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza for their work in discovering how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry will be announced on Wednesday in Sweden. Read about last year’s winners, Frances H. Arnold, George P. Smith and Gregory P. Winter.The Nobel Prize in Chemistry will be announced on Wednesday in Sweden. Read about last year’s winners, Frances H. Arnold, George P. Smith and Gregory P. Winter.
The 2018 and 2019 Nobel Prizes in Literature will be announced on Thursday in Sweden. The prize last year was postponed after the husband of an academy member was accused, and ultimately convicted, of rape — a crisis that led to the departure of several board members and required the intervention of the King of Sweden. Read about 2017’s winner, Kazuo Ishiguro.The 2018 and 2019 Nobel Prizes in Literature will be announced on Thursday in Sweden. The prize last year was postponed after the husband of an academy member was accused, and ultimately convicted, of rape — a crisis that led to the departure of several board members and required the intervention of the King of Sweden. Read about 2017’s winner, Kazuo Ishiguro.
The Nobel Peace Prize will be announced on Friday in Norway. Read about last year’s winners, Nadia Murad and Denis Mukwege.The Nobel Peace Prize will be announced on Friday in Norway. Read about last year’s winners, Nadia Murad and Denis Mukwege.
The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science will be announced on Monday in Sweden. Read about last year’s winners, William Nordhaus and Paul Romer.The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science will be announced on Monday in Sweden. Read about last year’s winners, William Nordhaus and Paul Romer.