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| China National Day Live Updates: Drones, Floats and Hong Kong Talk | |
| (32 minutes later) | |
| To the report of a 70-gun salute, 15,000 soldiers goose-stepped along Chang An Avenue — the Street of Eternal Peace — as an enormous military parade kicked off in Beijing. | To the report of a 70-gun salute, 15,000 soldiers goose-stepped along Chang An Avenue — the Street of Eternal Peace — as an enormous military parade kicked off in Beijing. |
| The parade, commemorating 70 years of Communist Party rule in China, was overseen by the top leader, Xi Jinping, and is one of the largest in modern Chinese history. It included 100,000 performers and was the capstone of a week of events meant to celebrate the country’s rapid emergence as a global power. | The parade, commemorating 70 years of Communist Party rule in China, was overseen by the top leader, Xi Jinping, and is one of the largest in modern Chinese history. It included 100,000 performers and was the capstone of a week of events meant to celebrate the country’s rapid emergence as a global power. |
| In his opening speech before the parade, Mr. Xi quickly hit on the theme of Hong Kong, the semiautonomous territory that has been roiled by anti-government protests for months. | In his opening speech before the parade, Mr. Xi quickly hit on the theme of Hong Kong, the semiautonomous territory that has been roiled by anti-government protests for months. |
| “No force can shake the status of our great motherland, no force can obstruct the advance of the Chinese people and Chinese nation,” Mr. Xi said speaking from Tiananmen, or the Gate of Heavenly Peace, which overlooks the square. | “No force can shake the status of our great motherland, no force can obstruct the advance of the Chinese people and Chinese nation,” Mr. Xi said speaking from Tiananmen, or the Gate of Heavenly Peace, which overlooks the square. |
| Mr. Xi said that China would “maintain the lasting prosperity and stability” of Hong Kong and Macau. He made no mention of the months of strife in Hong Kong, but his words left no mistake that Hong Kong is on the mind of Chinese leaders today. | Mr. Xi said that China would “maintain the lasting prosperity and stability” of Hong Kong and Macau. He made no mention of the months of strife in Hong Kong, but his words left no mistake that Hong Kong is on the mind of Chinese leaders today. |
| Mr. Xi also used the occasion to emphasize his vision of narrative of national unity and rejuvenation under party rule. “No power can stop the progress of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation,” he said. | Mr. Xi also used the occasion to emphasize his vision of narrative of national unity and rejuvenation under party rule. “No power can stop the progress of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation,” he said. |
| In the tradition of past parades, Mr. Xi, wearing a Mao-style suit, stood in the open sunroof of a Chinese-made Red Flag limousine as he reviewed the troops. He called out “Greetings, Comrades,” and “Comrades, you are working hard!” The troops responded in unison: “Greetings, Chairman” and “Serve the people!” | In the tradition of past parades, Mr. Xi, wearing a Mao-style suit, stood in the open sunroof of a Chinese-made Red Flag limousine as he reviewed the troops. He called out “Greetings, Comrades,” and “Comrades, you are working hard!” The troops responded in unison: “Greetings, Chairman” and “Serve the people!” |
| The display of high-powered weaponry is always a highlight of the parade, but its usefulness for assessing China’s military has diminished over the years with ever-advancing satellite technology able to scour the country’s bases, airfields and ports. | The display of high-powered weaponry is always a highlight of the parade, but its usefulness for assessing China’s military has diminished over the years with ever-advancing satellite technology able to scour the country’s bases, airfields and ports. |
| China shocked the world when it showed off intercontinental ballistic missiles for the first time in 1984 during the 35th National Day parade. But this year, experts at the Foundation for Strategic Research in France were able to spot the latest addition to its arsenal weeks ago from afar. | China shocked the world when it showed off intercontinental ballistic missiles for the first time in 1984 during the 35th National Day parade. But this year, experts at the Foundation for Strategic Research in France were able to spot the latest addition to its arsenal weeks ago from afar. |
| That missile — which is known as the DF-41 and can carry 10 nuclear warheads and strike anywhere in the United States — made its first public appearance on Tuesday but has been known to American officials for years. | That missile — which is known as the DF-41 and can carry 10 nuclear warheads and strike anywhere in the United States — made its first public appearance on Tuesday but has been known to American officials for years. |
| Other new weapons included a supersonic reconnaissance drone, the WZ-8, and a wing-shaped stealthy drone called Sharp Sword. Both are intended to support naval operations. China has been racing to catch up with the American Navy, shifting the balance of power in the South China Sea and farther out in the Pacific. Two submarine drones were also put on display. | Other new weapons included a supersonic reconnaissance drone, the WZ-8, and a wing-shaped stealthy drone called Sharp Sword. Both are intended to support naval operations. China has been racing to catch up with the American Navy, shifting the balance of power in the South China Sea and farther out in the Pacific. Two submarine drones were also put on display. |
| The parade included 15,000 soldiers and sailors, 160 aircraft, and 580 tanks and other mobile weapons, according to military commanders, who emphasized that the all of the weapons were made in China and already operational. | The parade included 15,000 soldiers and sailors, 160 aircraft, and 580 tanks and other mobile weapons, according to military commanders, who emphasized that the all of the weapons were made in China and already operational. |
| Mr. Xi, who is commander-in-chief of the People’s Liberation Army, has overseen a sweeping military reorganization that has created a smaller but more modern and capable military force. | Mr. Xi, who is commander-in-chief of the People’s Liberation Army, has overseen a sweeping military reorganization that has created a smaller but more modern and capable military force. |
| Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, Communist Party leaders have established a kind of liturgy for how to celebrate the anniversary, including the role of the military. This year’s anniversary, the 70th, is expected to follow that script. | Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, Communist Party leaders have established a kind of liturgy for how to celebrate the anniversary, including the role of the military. This year’s anniversary, the 70th, is expected to follow that script. |
| But President Xi Jinping has also created new ways to put himself and his message of patriotic obedience to the fore, including in this year’s buildup to the military parade. Mr. Xi featured prominently on Monday in a recently established ritual: a ceremony in Tiananmen Square to mark Martyr’s Day, a holiday established in 2014 to honor those who have given their lives to the Communist Party’s cause. He also paid his respects at Mao Zedong’s mausoleum. | But President Xi Jinping has also created new ways to put himself and his message of patriotic obedience to the fore, including in this year’s buildup to the military parade. Mr. Xi featured prominently on Monday in a recently established ritual: a ceremony in Tiananmen Square to mark Martyr’s Day, a holiday established in 2014 to honor those who have given their lives to the Communist Party’s cause. He also paid his respects at Mao Zedong’s mausoleum. |
| In his speech on Tuesday, Mr. Xi referred to Mao Zedong but did not mention his predecessors as Chinese leaders even as two previous presidents, Hu Jintao and Jiang Zemin, stood nearby listening to the address. Instead, Mr. Xi’s focus was on the theme of “national rejuvenation” that he has made his own since taking office in 2012. | In his speech on Tuesday, Mr. Xi referred to Mao Zedong but did not mention his predecessors as Chinese leaders even as two previous presidents, Hu Jintao and Jiang Zemin, stood nearby listening to the address. Instead, Mr. Xi’s focus was on the theme of “national rejuvenation” that he has made his own since taking office in 2012. |
| “On this day 70 years ago on this spot, Comrade Mao Zedong announced to the world the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and the Chinese people henceforth had stood up,” Mr. Xi said. “This great event utterly transformed the tragic face of China for over a century of modern history when it was poor, weak and bullied.” | “On this day 70 years ago on this spot, Comrade Mao Zedong announced to the world the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and the Chinese people henceforth had stood up,” Mr. Xi said. “This great event utterly transformed the tragic face of China for over a century of modern history when it was poor, weak and bullied.” |
| (In fact, Mao did not make his famous remark about the Chinese people standing up in his speech at Tiananmen on Oct. 1. He used a similar phrase in a speech no long before.) | (In fact, Mao did not make his famous remark about the Chinese people standing up in his speech at Tiananmen on Oct. 1. He used a similar phrase in a speech no long before.) |
| “The Chinese nation advanced along the grand road toward achieving its great rejuvenation,” Mr. Xi said. | “The Chinese nation advanced along the grand road toward achieving its great rejuvenation,” Mr. Xi said. |
| Antigovernment protesters are planning demonstrations in Hong Kong on Tuesday that could descend into violence and clashes with the police. | Antigovernment protesters are planning demonstrations in Hong Kong on Tuesday that could descend into violence and clashes with the police. |
| Organizers expect tens of thousands of people to take to the streets despite the government’s refusal to grant a permit for a public assembly. Instead, bands of protesters will gather across different districts in a show of resistance to the Communist Party. | Organizers expect tens of thousands of people to take to the streets despite the government’s refusal to grant a permit for a public assembly. Instead, bands of protesters will gather across different districts in a show of resistance to the Communist Party. |
| On Tuesday morning, police stopped two dozen antigovernment protesters dressed in black and holding a banner that read “End one-party dictatorship.” The protesters had tried to march to the Golden Bauhinia Square in the downtown Wan Chai district where the government was holding a flag-raising ceremony. The police used pepper spray to break them up and handcuffed a few protesters after some of them scuffled briefly with a small group of pro-government supporters. | On Tuesday morning, police stopped two dozen antigovernment protesters dressed in black and holding a banner that read “End one-party dictatorship.” The protesters had tried to march to the Golden Bauhinia Square in the downtown Wan Chai district where the government was holding a flag-raising ceremony. The police used pepper spray to break them up and handcuffed a few protesters after some of them scuffled briefly with a small group of pro-government supporters. |
| The police said officers arrested 16 people in the morning for unlawful assembly and possession of offensive weapons. | The police said officers arrested 16 people in the morning for unlawful assembly and possession of offensive weapons. |
| The protesters also chanted slogans referring to the Chinese military’s June 4, 1989 military crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrations on Tiananmen Square, one of the most sensitive chapters in Chinese history. | The protesters also chanted slogans referring to the Chinese military’s June 4, 1989 military crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrations on Tiananmen Square, one of the most sensitive chapters in Chinese history. |
| Near Hong Kong’s famed Victoria Harbour, police in green fatigues walked along the waterfront, keeping a wary eye out for protests. For security reasons, the authorities canceled fireworks and did away with an outdoor viewing area and instead had local dignitaries gather in a convention center to watch a live broadcast of the flag-raising ceremony. Two government helicopters carrying China’s national flag and Hong Kong’s flag flew over the harbor. | |
| The city’s No. 2 leader, Chief Secretary Matthew Cheung, who presided over the event, said the government was sparing no effort to restore peace. | The city’s No. 2 leader, Chief Secretary Matthew Cheung, who presided over the event, said the government was sparing no effort to restore peace. |
| “Shocked and saddened by the violence that has turned the city that we call home into an unfamiliar place, Hong Kong people desperately yearn to get out of the existing gridlock,” Mr. Cheung said. | “Shocked and saddened by the violence that has turned the city that we call home into an unfamiliar place, Hong Kong people desperately yearn to get out of the existing gridlock,” Mr. Cheung said. |
| The government has worked with “its greatest sincerity” to resolve the impasse, he said, pointing to its efforts to set up channels for communication with the public. | The government has worked with “its greatest sincerity” to resolve the impasse, he said, pointing to its efforts to set up channels for communication with the public. |
| Chinese hard-liners have long feared that hostile foreign forces are using Hong Kong as a base of subversion against the mainland and top officials do not want anything to overshadow their National Day celebrations. The Hong Kong police force on Monday arrested two high-profile democracy activists in connection with the storming of Hong Kong legislative office on July 1 by a small group of confrontational protesters. | Chinese hard-liners have long feared that hostile foreign forces are using Hong Kong as a base of subversion against the mainland and top officials do not want anything to overshadow their National Day celebrations. The Hong Kong police force on Monday arrested two high-profile democracy activists in connection with the storming of Hong Kong legislative office on July 1 by a small group of confrontational protesters. |
| Street violence has increased over the course of the protests, and the local police have made more than 1,700 arrests since June. Police officers have also deployed tear gas, pepper spray and rubber bullets against the demonstrators, in a use of force that many protesters have described as excessive. | Street violence has increased over the course of the protests, and the local police have made more than 1,700 arrests since June. Police officers have also deployed tear gas, pepper spray and rubber bullets against the demonstrators, in a use of force that many protesters have described as excessive. |
| The authorities closed or planned to close about a dozen subway stations in areas that protesters had said they would target. On Monday, the police warned of unrest on Tuesday. “We are on the verge of extreme danger,” John Tse, chief superintendent of the Police Public Relations Branch, said at a news conference. | The authorities closed or planned to close about a dozen subway stations in areas that protesters had said they would target. On Monday, the police warned of unrest on Tuesday. “We are on the verge of extreme danger,” John Tse, chief superintendent of the Police Public Relations Branch, said at a news conference. |
| Police officials sought to warn off those who might attend demonstrations by disclosing what they said was intelligence suggesting “hard-core violent protesters” were preparing to set fire to gas stations or perhaps incite those with suicidal tendencies to kill police officers. Some, they suggested, might commit mayhem disguised as police. | |
| “All acts are one step closer to terrorism,” Mr. Tse said. | “All acts are one step closer to terrorism,” Mr. Tse said. |
| The Communist Party controls many things in China but one thing that it could not rein in today was the pollution. | The Communist Party controls many things in China but one thing that it could not rein in today was the pollution. |
| Beijing woke on Tuesday to a pall of smog and dust ahead of the parade — despite the usual government diktats that have ensured blue skies on important holidays in the past. | Beijing woke on Tuesday to a pall of smog and dust ahead of the parade — despite the usual government diktats that have ensured blue skies on important holidays in the past. |
| Industries north of the Yellow River were shut down, including a glass tempering factory in Shijiazhuang, south of Beijing, which confirmed that it had closed for the holidays five days ago and will remain shut until Friday. Construction sites in Beijing also went idle. Trucks were barred from the city center. | Industries north of the Yellow River were shut down, including a glass tempering factory in Shijiazhuang, south of Beijing, which confirmed that it had closed for the holidays five days ago and will remain shut until Friday. Construction sites in Beijing also went idle. Trucks were barred from the city center. |
| To no avail. The air quality index reached 154, a level that is considered unhealthy. Outdoor activity is not recommended, which has been the case for several days now. | To no avail. The air quality index reached 154, a level that is considered unhealthy. Outdoor activity is not recommended, which has been the case for several days now. |
| Tiananmen Square was packed with dignitaries, party members and foreign journalists. Access was tightly controlled. Many Chinese attendees were from government offices, top universities and state-owned enterprises. | Tiananmen Square was packed with dignitaries, party members and foreign journalists. Access was tightly controlled. Many Chinese attendees were from government offices, top universities and state-owned enterprises. |
| “It is a great honor to attend,” said Zhou Wenli, a university physics instructor. “It’s a special chance.” | “It is a great honor to attend,” said Zhou Wenli, a university physics instructor. “It’s a special chance.” |
| Ushers instructed the visitors on the proper demeanor they should adopt. “Remember that you’ll be on television so have a friendly expression,” one usher told a group of university administrators. “Laugh and have fun!” | Ushers instructed the visitors on the proper demeanor they should adopt. “Remember that you’ll be on television so have a friendly expression,” one usher told a group of university administrators. “Laugh and have fun!” |
| Visitors needed little encouragement. They waved Chinese flags at the banks of cameras, especially one on a wire that flew back and forth across the boulevard on a wire. | Visitors needed little encouragement. They waved Chinese flags at the banks of cameras, especially one on a wire that flew back and forth across the boulevard on a wire. |
| The order and pageantry of the parade in Beijing offer a stark contrast to a spectacle of different sort expected in Hong Kong. Some residents of the semiautonomous territory plan to turn the holiday into a day of protest, demonstrating against the central government and calling for police accountability and democratic reforms. | The order and pageantry of the parade in Beijing offer a stark contrast to a spectacle of different sort expected in Hong Kong. Some residents of the semiautonomous territory plan to turn the holiday into a day of protest, demonstrating against the central government and calling for police accountability and democratic reforms. |
| For those of us who have been in China for a long time, the parades reflect China’s changing times and fortunes. In 1984, when I was a 22-year-old student at Peking University, we were told late in September that we would be going to Tiananmen Square to help celebrate the 35th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic. | |
| This was the first big celebration after the end of the Cultural Revolution — although Deng Xiaoping had taken power in 1978, the affair the next year had been relatively low key. But now, with economic reforms having kicked in, Deng’s government was eager to show off its accomplishments. | |
| I remember a very real sense of excitement in the air. We mainly milled around on the square and walked right up to the parade as it went past, clapping and waving. | |
| There was little security, and people joined in — most famously when some university students began to yell out “Xiaoping, ni hao!” (“Hello Xiaoping!”) to the elderly leader. For the first time since the 1950s, China had a stable government that had put economic development ahead of politics, and people appreciated it. | |
| At the time we felt that the floats were a bit corny. I took a picture of one showing how industrial production had rocketed up 50 percent since Deng took power. But the successes were real. | |
| I ended up attending the next big parade, too. This was 1999, and it was the first to have a military element since the 1984 parade — the army’s crushing of the Tiananmen uprising in 1989 had made that year’s events a sober affair. | |
| But by 1999, China was taking off economically and leaders were eager to show their country’s newfound wealth and might. This has been the overall trend since then — ever more mighty and technically impressive parades, but perhaps without the naïve enthusiasm of the 1980s. Or perhaps this is just nostalgia on my part. | |
| — Ian Johnson | |
| One of the guests of honor at today’s parade will be Carrie Lam, Hong Kong’s beleaguered chief executive. | One of the guests of honor at today’s parade will be Carrie Lam, Hong Kong’s beleaguered chief executive. |
| Because Mrs. Lam had sent out invitations to a flag-raising ceremony and reception in Hong Kong on Tuesday, her decision to travel to Beijing appeared to have been made at the last minute. It was unclear why her plans had changed. | Because Mrs. Lam had sent out invitations to a flag-raising ceremony and reception in Hong Kong on Tuesday, her decision to travel to Beijing appeared to have been made at the last minute. It was unclear why her plans had changed. |
| The 200-plus-person delegation that accompanied Mrs. Lam on an Air China flight to Beijing on Monday did not include any legislators from the city’s pro-democracy legislative minority. | The 200-plus-person delegation that accompanied Mrs. Lam on an Air China flight to Beijing on Monday did not include any legislators from the city’s pro-democracy legislative minority. |
| That breaks with the custom of two previous trips to Beijing by Mrs. Lam’s predecessors, and pro-democracy supporters called the snub deliberate. | That breaks with the custom of two previous trips to Beijing by Mrs. Lam’s predecessors, and pro-democracy supporters called the snub deliberate. |
| There are banners that proclaim a new era for “Xi Jinping thought with Chinese characteristics!” And others that exhort citizens to “closely unite around the party center led by Comrade Xi Jinping.” | |
| In addition to tugging at nostalgic heartstrings, these banners have been a boon to the many small print shops around Beijing. | |
| One of those is run by Liang Qiangju. In the 18 years that she has run her print shop, Ms. Liang has not seen as much business as in recent months. | |
| “We get more orders of red flags, banners, posters and commemorative books than in previous years,” Ms. Liang said. It seemed as though every day this summer new orders were coming in for banners from clients like local neighborhood bureaus, big companies, and government departments. | |
| For weeks, details of the military parade in Beijing were guarded like a national secret. Residents near the parade route were ordered to close their curtains each night at 8 p.m. and rehearsals took place at midnight. | For weeks, details of the military parade in Beijing were guarded like a national secret. Residents near the parade route were ordered to close their curtains each night at 8 p.m. and rehearsals took place at midnight. |
| The tops of some of the colorful parade floats could be seen poking over the gates at Workers’ Stadium, but residents who dared to take a look were shooed away by security guards. | The tops of some of the colorful parade floats could be seen poking over the gates at Workers’ Stadium, but residents who dared to take a look were shooed away by security guards. |
| Ahead of the holiday, the authorities imposed measures around the country, particularly in Beijing, to ensure that the festivities were uninterrupted. | Ahead of the holiday, the authorities imposed measures around the country, particularly in Beijing, to ensure that the festivities were uninterrupted. |
| The area around Tiananmen Square was put on lockdown, and residents who live on nearby streets were told to remain at home for the parade’s duration. Passenger trains underwent security checks, and all unauthorized flying objects — including racing pigeons — were banned. | |
| The authorities also policed cyberspace. Internet access in the city was throttled and Weibo, the popular microblogging site, said it would delete content that “distorts” or “insults” Chinese history. | |
| Reporting was contributed by Russell Goldman, Gillian Wong, Keith Bradsher, Mike Ives, Andrew Jacobs, Li Yuan, Elsie Chen, Tiffany May and Elaine Yu in Hong Kong, and Christopher Buckley, Steven Lee Myers, Alexandra Stevenson, Edward Wong and Ian Johnson in Beijing. Claire Fu and Albee Zhang contributed research in Beijing. |