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| Mark Esper Confirmed as Trump’s Defense Secretary | Mark Esper Confirmed as Trump’s Defense Secretary |
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| WASHINGTON — The Senate overwhelmingly confirmed Mark T. Esper as secretary of defense on Tuesday, ending the longest period by far that the Pentagon had been without a permanent leader. | WASHINGTON — The Senate overwhelmingly confirmed Mark T. Esper as secretary of defense on Tuesday, ending the longest period by far that the Pentagon had been without a permanent leader. |
| Mr. Esper, an Army infantryman who fought in the Persian Gulf war of 1991 before becoming a lobbyist for the military contractor Raytheon, replaces Jim Mattis, who resigned in December during a dispute over pulling American troops out of Syria. | Mr. Esper, an Army infantryman who fought in the Persian Gulf war of 1991 before becoming a lobbyist for the military contractor Raytheon, replaces Jim Mattis, who resigned in December during a dispute over pulling American troops out of Syria. |
| In receiving the lopsided 90-to-8 Senate nod, Mr. Esper succeeded where Patrick M. Shanahan, President Trump’s original pick to replace Mr. Mattis, did not; Mr. Shanahan abruptly resigned last month, before his Senate confirmation hearing was even scheduled, after news reports revealed details of his 2011 divorce. | In receiving the lopsided 90-to-8 Senate nod, Mr. Esper succeeded where Patrick M. Shanahan, President Trump’s original pick to replace Mr. Mattis, did not; Mr. Shanahan abruptly resigned last month, before his Senate confirmation hearing was even scheduled, after news reports revealed details of his 2011 divorce. |
| Mr. Esper, 55, now takes control of the country’s 1.2 million active-duty troops and one of the largest militaries in the world as the Trump administration is wrestling with the results of its so-called maximum pressure campaign of economic sanctions on Iran, which has prodded the two adversaries closer to military confrontation. | Mr. Esper, 55, now takes control of the country’s 1.2 million active-duty troops and one of the largest militaries in the world as the Trump administration is wrestling with the results of its so-called maximum pressure campaign of economic sanctions on Iran, which has prodded the two adversaries closer to military confrontation. |
| “Having a Senate-confirmed secretary of defense, especially one of this quality, could not come a moment too soon,” Senator Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, the majority leader, said in a floor speech on Tuesday. He called Mr. Esper a “well-prepared nominee” who will face a world “full of serious threats to America, to our allies and to our interests.” | “Having a Senate-confirmed secretary of defense, especially one of this quality, could not come a moment too soon,” Senator Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, the majority leader, said in a floor speech on Tuesday. He called Mr. Esper a “well-prepared nominee” who will face a world “full of serious threats to America, to our allies and to our interests.” |
| Mr. Esper will add his voice to the senior Trump national security advisers seeking to influence the president on a range of issues, including how to end the war in Afghanistan, and how to negotiate with Turkey, a longtime North Atlantic Treaty Organization ally, as it defies American wishes in buying a missile system from Russia. | Mr. Esper will add his voice to the senior Trump national security advisers seeking to influence the president on a range of issues, including how to end the war in Afghanistan, and how to negotiate with Turkey, a longtime North Atlantic Treaty Organization ally, as it defies American wishes in buying a missile system from Russia. |
| How influential Mr. Esper will be is one of the biggest questions facing the new defense secretary. Mr. Mattis was widely viewed as a voice of reason and global stability in a chaotic administration, but those very views helped to poison his relationship with Mr. Trump and led to his resignation. | How influential Mr. Esper will be is one of the biggest questions facing the new defense secretary. Mr. Mattis was widely viewed as a voice of reason and global stability in a chaotic administration, but those very views helped to poison his relationship with Mr. Trump and led to his resignation. |
| Mr. Shanahan, a former Boeing executive, by contrast, was seen as far more amenable to White House directives. | Mr. Shanahan, a former Boeing executive, by contrast, was seen as far more amenable to White House directives. |
| Unlike Mr. Shanahan, Mr. Esper joins Mr. Trump’s senior advisers with a solid background in military affairs and a broad understanding of the alliances that the United States has maintained throughout the Cold War era. But the exit of Mr. Mattis and the Pentagon’s seven months without a permanent secretary have diminished the department’s voice in internal White House meetings. | Unlike Mr. Shanahan, Mr. Esper joins Mr. Trump’s senior advisers with a solid background in military affairs and a broad understanding of the alliances that the United States has maintained throughout the Cold War era. But the exit of Mr. Mattis and the Pentagon’s seven months without a permanent secretary have diminished the department’s voice in internal White House meetings. |
| Meanwhile, the national security adviser, John R. Bolton, and Secretary of State Mike Pompeo — who was a former West Point classmate of Mr. Esper — have largely run national security policy in the months since Mr. Mattis departed. Mr. Esper’s challenge, national security experts said, will be to work to get the Pentagon’s views represented among those strong personalities. | Meanwhile, the national security adviser, John R. Bolton, and Secretary of State Mike Pompeo — who was a former West Point classmate of Mr. Esper — have largely run national security policy in the months since Mr. Mattis departed. Mr. Esper’s challenge, national security experts said, will be to work to get the Pentagon’s views represented among those strong personalities. |
| “The protracted period without a permanent defense secretary has created a vacuum,” Carl Tobias, a law professor at the University of Richmond, said in an email. “That situation has decreased D.O.D.’s influence on critical matters involving national security and military affairs and limited D.O.D.’s ability to affect important policymaking generally and on specific issues,” especially Iran, China and North Korea. | “The protracted period without a permanent defense secretary has created a vacuum,” Carl Tobias, a law professor at the University of Richmond, said in an email. “That situation has decreased D.O.D.’s influence on critical matters involving national security and military affairs and limited D.O.D.’s ability to affect important policymaking generally and on specific issues,” especially Iran, China and North Korea. |
| “The president needs the best advice, particularly on national security, from numerous perspectives, partly as a counterbalance to the apparently outsized recent influence being exercised by Pompeo, Bolton and perhaps others in the White House and Trump’s orbit,” Mr. Tobias said. He said that need “may help explain the unusually bipartisan, overwhelming confirmation vote that Esper secured.” | “The president needs the best advice, particularly on national security, from numerous perspectives, partly as a counterbalance to the apparently outsized recent influence being exercised by Pompeo, Bolton and perhaps others in the White House and Trump’s orbit,” Mr. Tobias said. He said that need “may help explain the unusually bipartisan, overwhelming confirmation vote that Esper secured.” |
| Indeed, Mr. Esper’s confirmation process was largely fast and smooth, reflecting lawmakers’ eagerness for stability at the Pentagon. | Indeed, Mr. Esper’s confirmation process was largely fast and smooth, reflecting lawmakers’ eagerness for stability at the Pentagon. |
| But during his confirmation hearing, some Democrats, including Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts, raised questions about Mr. Esper’s ties to the defense industry. Ms. Warren, who is running for president in 2020, in particular was critical of Mr. Esper’s refusal to recuse himself from all matters involving Raytheon once he becomes defense secretary. She voted against his confirmation. | But during his confirmation hearing, some Democrats, including Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts, raised questions about Mr. Esper’s ties to the defense industry. Ms. Warren, who is running for president in 2020, in particular was critical of Mr. Esper’s refusal to recuse himself from all matters involving Raytheon once he becomes defense secretary. She voted against his confirmation. |
| In fact, five of the eight senators — all Democrats — voting against Mr. Esper are presidential aspirants in 2020: Cory Booker of New Jersey, Kirsten Gillibrand of New York, Kamala Harris of California, Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota and Ms. Warren. | In fact, five of the eight senators — all Democrats — voting against Mr. Esper are presidential aspirants in 2020: Cory Booker of New Jersey, Kirsten Gillibrand of New York, Kamala Harris of California, Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota and Ms. Warren. |
| The confirmation of Mr. Esper, who was sworn in later Tuesday, does not end the leadership void at the Pentagon, which still has no permanent deputy secretary of defense. David Norquist, Mr. Trump’s nominee for that job, is scheduled for his own Senate hearing on Wednesday. | |
| Meanwhile, the vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Gen. Paul Selva, is retiring on Friday, but the man nominated by the president to replace him, Gen. John E. Hyten, has been embroiled in sexual misconduct allegations that could torpedo his chances of gaining Senate confirmation. | Meanwhile, the vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Gen. Paul Selva, is retiring on Friday, but the man nominated by the president to replace him, Gen. John E. Hyten, has been embroiled in sexual misconduct allegations that could torpedo his chances of gaining Senate confirmation. |
| Mr. Esper’s rise to the top job also signals the ascent of the Army, after several years in which Marines have largely run the Defense Department. Mr. Mattis was a four-star Marine general, as is Gen. Joseph F. Dunford Jr., the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, whose term expires in October. | Mr. Esper’s rise to the top job also signals the ascent of the Army, after several years in which Marines have largely run the Defense Department. Mr. Mattis was a four-star Marine general, as is Gen. Joseph F. Dunford Jr., the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, whose term expires in October. |
| Mr. Trump has nominated Gen. Mark A. Milley of the Army to replace General Dunford. | Mr. Trump has nominated Gen. Mark A. Milley of the Army to replace General Dunford. |