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Could there be an early general election? | Could there be an early general election? |
(about 3 hours later) | |
MPs have rejected Prime Minister Boris Johnson's attempt to hold an early general election on 12 December. | |
But why does the PM want an election and what are his remaining options? | |
Why does Boris Johnson want an early election? | Why does Boris Johnson want an early election? |
The next general election is not due until 2022, but the PM wants an early election to try to restore the Conservative Party's majority. | |
While an early election carries risks, Mr Johnson hopes to win more seats in the House of Commons, to make it easier to pass a Brexit deal. | |
How quickly can an election happen? | How quickly can an election happen? |
Once an election is called, there has to be a gap of at least five weeks before polling day. | Once an election is called, there has to be a gap of at least five weeks before polling day. |
That is because the law requires Parliament to dissolve 25 working days beforehand. | |
At this point, MPs lose their status and campaign for re-election, if they choose to stand again. | |
So, in order for polling day to take place on Mr Johnson's preferred date of 12 December, the election would have to be triggered before 6 November. | |
Why hasn't an election already been called? | Why hasn't an election already been called? |
Mr Johnson can't just decide to hold an early election. He needs the support of two-thirds of all MPs - at least 434. This is a legal requirement, set out under the Fixed-term Parliaments Act. | |
The latest rejection by MPs on Monday night comes after Mr Johnson lost two previous attempts last month to trigger an early election. | |
Labour says it will support an early election, but only once the risk of a no-deal Brexit is "off the table". | |
Had the PM secured enough votes, he would have then recommended the day of the election to the Queen. | |
Despite losing the vote, there are other options the government can pursue. | |
Bypass the Fixed-term Parliaments Act | Bypass the Fixed-term Parliaments Act |
The government plans to get round the two-thirds threshold by introducing a very short law that fixes the date of the election as 12 December. | |
The advantage of this route - from the government's point of view - is that it would only require a simple majority of MPs to support it rather than two-thirds. MPs are set to vote on it on Tuesday. | |
The SNP and Liberal Democrats had already discussed the idea of a similar bill - although they want a different date. Under their plan, both parties had said they would propose a law on Tuesday that sets an election for Monday 9 December - three days earlier than Mr Johnson's preferred date. | |
It is not yet clear if they might switch to support the government's bill. | |
If an election was held on 9 December, it would be the first time since 1931 that a UK election had not been held on a Thursday. | |
If an election was brought via this route - either for 9 or 12 December - it would need to clear all stages in the House of Commons and the House of Lords. There is also a risk the law could be altered if MPs or peers propose changes - such as allowing 16 and 17-year-olds to vote. | |
Labour calls a motion of no confidence | Labour calls a motion of no confidence |
Rather than the government, it could be the opposition that initiates an early election. This could happen if Labour proposed a no-confidence vote. | Rather than the government, it could be the opposition that initiates an early election. This could happen if Labour proposed a no-confidence vote. |
This would give all MPs a vote on whether they wanted the current government to continue. | This would give all MPs a vote on whether they wanted the current government to continue. |
Only a simple majority would be needed. | Only a simple majority would be needed. |
If it succeeded, opposition parties would be allowed two weeks to come together to try to form an alternative government. If this happened, Mr Johnson would be expected to resign and a new prime minister would take over. | If it succeeded, opposition parties would be allowed two weeks to come together to try to form an alternative government. If this happened, Mr Johnson would be expected to resign and a new prime minister would take over. |
But if nothing was resolved during those two weeks, the Fixed-term Parliaments Act says a general election would be automatically triggered. | But if nothing was resolved during those two weeks, the Fixed-term Parliaments Act says a general election would be automatically triggered. |
Under this scenario, an election would take place at least seven weeks after a no-confidence vote was passed. That's because two weeks would be taken up by opposition parties trying to form a government, plus a further five weeks to dissolve Parliament for the campaign. | Under this scenario, an election would take place at least seven weeks after a no-confidence vote was passed. That's because two weeks would be taken up by opposition parties trying to form a government, plus a further five weeks to dissolve Parliament for the campaign. |
This would leave 19 December as the earliest possible date - a week after Mr Johnson's preferred date. | This would leave 19 December as the earliest possible date - a week after Mr Johnson's preferred date. |
Government calls a motion of no confidence in itself | Government calls a motion of no confidence in itself |
If the government felt it had no other way of forcing an early election, it could in theory call a motion of no confidence in itself. | If the government felt it had no other way of forcing an early election, it could in theory call a motion of no confidence in itself. |
In order for it to succeed, Conservative MPs would have to vote to bring down their own government. | In order for it to succeed, Conservative MPs would have to vote to bring down their own government. |
While such a tactic might appear extreme to outside observers, it would trigger an automatic early election - as long as opposition parties failed to form an alternative government within the 14 days. | While such a tactic might appear extreme to outside observers, it would trigger an automatic early election - as long as opposition parties failed to form an alternative government within the 14 days. |
As such, this option would be extremely high risk. | As such, this option would be extremely high risk. |
Brexit explained | Brexit explained |
Brexit - British exit - refers to the UK leaving the EU. A public vote was held in June 2016 to decide whether the UK should leave or remain. | Brexit - British exit - refers to the UK leaving the EU. A public vote was held in June 2016 to decide whether the UK should leave or remain. |