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| Democrats Diverge on Economy and Immigration in First Debate | Democrats Diverge on Economy and Immigration in First Debate |
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| MIAMI — Democratic presidential candidates leveled a stark critique of President Trump’s management of the American economy and immigration system in the first primary debate on Wednesday, but split in unmistakable terms over just how aggressively the next president should seek to transform the country along far more liberal lines. | |
| Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts set the tone for the party’s progressive wing, declaring in her first answer of the night that the economy was tilted overwhelmingly toward the wealthy, diagnosing that as “corruption, pure and simple.” She was joined by two other lesser known candidates seeking to grab attention — Julián Castro, the former housing secretary, and Mayor Bill de Blasio of New York — in challenging other candidates from the left on matters like health care and border control. | Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts set the tone for the party’s progressive wing, declaring in her first answer of the night that the economy was tilted overwhelmingly toward the wealthy, diagnosing that as “corruption, pure and simple.” She was joined by two other lesser known candidates seeking to grab attention — Julián Castro, the former housing secretary, and Mayor Bill de Blasio of New York — in challenging other candidates from the left on matters like health care and border control. |
| “We need to attack it head on,” Ms. Warren said in reference to what she described as a rigged system. “And we need to make structural change in our government, in our economy and in our country.” | “We need to attack it head on,” Ms. Warren said in reference to what she described as a rigged system. “And we need to make structural change in our government, in our economy and in our country.” |
| But other candidates proceeded more cautiously: Without criticizing Ms. Warren or other liberal populists by name, Senator Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota suggested that certain ambitious progressive plans — to provide free college tuition, for instance, or to treat unlawful border crossings as a civil rather than criminal offense — might go too far. | But other candidates proceeded more cautiously: Without criticizing Ms. Warren or other liberal populists by name, Senator Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota suggested that certain ambitious progressive plans — to provide free college tuition, for instance, or to treat unlawful border crossings as a civil rather than criminal offense — might go too far. |
| And Senator Cory Booker of New Jersey, while endorsing broad liberal aims, suggested he would take a determined but pragmatic approach to pursuing goals like the creation of a single-payer health care system. | And Senator Cory Booker of New Jersey, while endorsing broad liberal aims, suggested he would take a determined but pragmatic approach to pursuing goals like the creation of a single-payer health care system. |
| The debate at moments became a free-for-all of cross talk between candidates desperate to wedge their personalities and signature ideas into brief snippets of television airtime. But even the disagreements were squarely over matters of policy substance: There were no personal attacks or criticisms of character, and nothing resembling the Trump-style personal taunts that came to define the last crowded presidential primary, waged between Republicans in 2016. | The debate at moments became a free-for-all of cross talk between candidates desperate to wedge their personalities and signature ideas into brief snippets of television airtime. But even the disagreements were squarely over matters of policy substance: There were no personal attacks or criticisms of character, and nothing resembling the Trump-style personal taunts that came to define the last crowded presidential primary, waged between Republicans in 2016. |
| There were Democrats boasting about their executive résumés — Gov. Jay Inslee of Washington trumpeted the laws he had personally enacted as governor, on matters like health care and abortion rights — and those who focused on sharing aspects of their personal biographies; Ms. Klobuchar, for instance, spoke of her father attending community college, and former Representative John Delaney of Maryland, a wealthy businessman, emphasized his more modest roots. | There were Democrats boasting about their executive résumés — Gov. Jay Inslee of Washington trumpeted the laws he had personally enacted as governor, on matters like health care and abortion rights — and those who focused on sharing aspects of their personal biographies; Ms. Klobuchar, for instance, spoke of her father attending community college, and former Representative John Delaney of Maryland, a wealthy businessman, emphasized his more modest roots. |
| And, perhaps mindful of the debate’s South Florida venue, several took pains to flaunt their Spanish-language skills, particularly when it came time to discuss immigration. Among those were Mr. Booker, Mr. Castro and former Representative Beto O’Rourke of Texas. | And, perhaps mindful of the debate’s South Florida venue, several took pains to flaunt their Spanish-language skills, particularly when it came time to discuss immigration. Among those were Mr. Booker, Mr. Castro and former Representative Beto O’Rourke of Texas. |
| “The situation now is unacceptable,” Mr. Booker said in Spanish, of the crisis unfolding on the Mexican border. “This president has attacked, he has demonized immigrants. I am going to change this.” | “The situation now is unacceptable,” Mr. Booker said in Spanish, of the crisis unfolding on the Mexican border. “This president has attacked, he has demonized immigrants. I am going to change this.” |
| Mr. Castro, the former mayor of San Antonio, dominated the segment devoted to immigration, repeatedly promoting his proposal to decriminalize illegal immigration — a policy that Ms. Warren has adopted in recent days and that Republicans have gleefully highlighted to argue that Democrats support open borders. | Mr. Castro, the former mayor of San Antonio, dominated the segment devoted to immigration, repeatedly promoting his proposal to decriminalize illegal immigration — a policy that Ms. Warren has adopted in recent days and that Republicans have gleefully highlighted to argue that Democrats support open borders. |
| Turning to Mr. O’Rourke, whose 2018 Senate bid and presidential candidacy have overshadowed him, Mr. Castro asked his fellow Texan why he would not support making illegal immigration a civil offense. | Turning to Mr. O’Rourke, whose 2018 Senate bid and presidential candidacy have overshadowed him, Mr. Castro asked his fellow Texan why he would not support making illegal immigration a civil offense. |
| “I just think it’s a mistake, Beto,” Mr. Castro said. | “I just think it’s a mistake, Beto,” Mr. Castro said. |
| Mr. O’Rourke noted that he had introduced legislation in Congress to decriminalize “those seeking asylum” and said that he had unveiled comprehensive immigration overhaul. | Mr. O’Rourke noted that he had introduced legislation in Congress to decriminalize “those seeking asylum” and said that he had unveiled comprehensive immigration overhaul. |
| But Mr. Castro interjected that that was insufficient to only relieve those seeking asylum from criminal penalty because many of those charged for crossing the border illegally were “undocumented immigrants.” | But Mr. Castro interjected that that was insufficient to only relieve those seeking asylum from criminal penalty because many of those charged for crossing the border illegally were “undocumented immigrants.” |
| When the debate turned to tech companies, Mr. Booker stopped short of endorsing Ms. Warren’s call to break up the biggest firm, like Facebook and Google, while saying it was clear that the economy “is not working for average Americans.” | When the debate turned to tech companies, Mr. Booker stopped short of endorsing Ms. Warren’s call to break up the biggest firm, like Facebook and Google, while saying it was clear that the economy “is not working for average Americans.” |
| When Mr. Booker was reminded that he had attacked Ms. Warren this year for naming some of the corporations she would break up, he said “I don’t think we disagree,” adding that he also felt strongly about “the need to check corporate consolidation.” | When Mr. Booker was reminded that he had attacked Ms. Warren this year for naming some of the corporations she would break up, he said “I don’t think we disagree,” adding that he also felt strongly about “the need to check corporate consolidation.” |
| A more clarifying moment came when the moderators asked the 10 candidates which of them would support eliminating private health insurance as part of a single-payer health care plan: Only Ms. Warren and Mr. de Blasio of New York raised their hands. | A more clarifying moment came when the moderators asked the 10 candidates which of them would support eliminating private health insurance as part of a single-payer health care plan: Only Ms. Warren and Mr. de Blasio of New York raised their hands. |
| “I am just simply concerned about kicking half of Americans off their health insurance in just four years,” said Ms. Klobuchar, linking her more incremental approach to that of former President Barack Obama. | “I am just simply concerned about kicking half of Americans off their health insurance in just four years,” said Ms. Klobuchar, linking her more incremental approach to that of former President Barack Obama. |
| However, Ms. Warren won loud applause from the audience when she called health care “a human right” and, without mentioning any of her rival’s names, said that those against “Medicare for all” were really telling Americans that “they just won’t fight for it.” | However, Ms. Warren won loud applause from the audience when she called health care “a human right” and, without mentioning any of her rival’s names, said that those against “Medicare for all” were really telling Americans that “they just won’t fight for it.” |
| Trying to win attention from liberal voters, Mr. de Blasio went even further, interrupting the explanation by Mr. O’Rourke about why he was opposed to ending private insurance. | Trying to win attention from liberal voters, Mr. de Blasio went even further, interrupting the explanation by Mr. O’Rourke about why he was opposed to ending private insurance. |
| “How can you defend a system that’s not working?” Mr. de Blasio demanded. | “How can you defend a system that’s not working?” Mr. de Blasio demanded. |
| For the most part, though, the contenders trumpeted their own proposals and résumés while training their fire on Mr. Trump and Republican economic policies, which they said were favoring the wealthy. | For the most part, though, the contenders trumpeted their own proposals and résumés while training their fire on Mr. Trump and Republican economic policies, which they said were favoring the wealthy. |
| “He says wind turbines cause cancer, we know they cause jobs,” Mr. Inslee of Washington said. | “He says wind turbines cause cancer, we know they cause jobs,” Mr. Inslee of Washington said. |
| The debate came at a moment when party activists were unified on the urgency of ejecting Mr. Trump from the White House but deeply divided over the best approach. | The debate came at a moment when party activists were unified on the urgency of ejecting Mr. Trump from the White House but deeply divided over the best approach. |
| Dating to the day after Mr. Trump’s inauguration, when millions of women marched in American cities, Democratic contempt for the president has produced a supercharged liberal activism — and prompted a new level of engagement culminating in last year’s elections, which saw the largest turnout for a midterm campaign in a half-century. | Dating to the day after Mr. Trump’s inauguration, when millions of women marched in American cities, Democratic contempt for the president has produced a supercharged liberal activism — and prompted a new level of engagement culminating in last year’s elections, which saw the largest turnout for a midterm campaign in a half-century. |
| This energy has carried over into 2019, as many of the Democratic hopefuls have attracted unusually large crowds at early rallies and forums, large numbers of small-dollar donors and hundreds of volunteers who are already following every dip and rise in the race. | This energy has carried over into 2019, as many of the Democratic hopefuls have attracted unusually large crowds at early rallies and forums, large numbers of small-dollar donors and hundreds of volunteers who are already following every dip and rise in the race. |
| [We tracked down the 2020 Democrats and asked them the same set of questions. Watch them answer.] | [We tracked down the 2020 Democrats and asked them the same set of questions. Watch them answer.] |
| But for many of the party’s primary voters, the back-to-back debates represented their first extended look at the Democrats’ historically large, and diverse, field. On Wednesday, 10 of the candidates took the stage at a performing arts center in Miami and another 10 were set to follow on Thursday, an accommodation that still left out a few contenders. | But for many of the party’s primary voters, the back-to-back debates represented their first extended look at the Democrats’ historically large, and diverse, field. On Wednesday, 10 of the candidates took the stage at a performing arts center in Miami and another 10 were set to follow on Thursday, an accommodation that still left out a few contenders. |
| The initial debates were not expected to pique the sort of broad interest that the first Republican face-off did four years ago, when the anticipation of seeing a bombastic reality television star on a political debate stage drew 24 million viewers. But the forums could bring more definition to the Democratic contest. | The initial debates were not expected to pique the sort of broad interest that the first Republican face-off did four years ago, when the anticipation of seeing a bombastic reality television star on a political debate stage drew 24 million viewers. But the forums could bring more definition to the Democratic contest. |
| So far, the race has been chiefly defined by a central question: Should Democrats rally behind former Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr., a moderate who is the field’s best-known candidate, or find a more progressive alternative. While Mr. Biden has proved to be resilient in the polls since entering the race in April, thanks in large part to his appeal with older and moderate Democrats, he is a fragile front-runner and has already seen his advantage ebb in Iowa and New Hampshire. | So far, the race has been chiefly defined by a central question: Should Democrats rally behind former Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr., a moderate who is the field’s best-known candidate, or find a more progressive alternative. While Mr. Biden has proved to be resilient in the polls since entering the race in April, thanks in large part to his appeal with older and moderate Democrats, he is a fragile front-runner and has already seen his advantage ebb in Iowa and New Hampshire. |
| In recent weeks he has also come under fire from some in his party, including many of his rivals, for only reluctantly embracing public funding for abortion, and for speaking fondly of making policy in a Senate that included a pair of notorious segregationists. | In recent weeks he has also come under fire from some in his party, including many of his rivals, for only reluctantly embracing public funding for abortion, and for speaking fondly of making policy in a Senate that included a pair of notorious segregationists. |
| Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont has retained much of the grass-roots and financial network that powered him to unexpected success in the 2016 Democratic race, but he has struggled to expand his appeal beyond his committed supporters. | Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont has retained much of the grass-roots and financial network that powered him to unexpected success in the 2016 Democratic race, but he has struggled to expand his appeal beyond his committed supporters. |
| That is in part because the party’s left flank now has a wealth of alternatives, including Ms. Warren, who has recently surged in a number of surveys — partly at Mr. Sanders’s expense — after months of laying out a series of ambitious policy proposals. But not all of these candidates will be on the same stage this week. | That is in part because the party’s left flank now has a wealth of alternatives, including Ms. Warren, who has recently surged in a number of surveys — partly at Mr. Sanders’s expense — after months of laying out a series of ambitious policy proposals. But not all of these candidates will be on the same stage this week. |
| [The latest data and analysis to keep track of who’s leading the race to be the Democratic nominee.] | [The latest data and analysis to keep track of who’s leading the race to be the Democratic nominee.] |
| For Wednesday’s forum, Ms. Warren looms well above the other nine candidates flanking her on either side. She has gained considerable strength as a champion for the party’s progressive wing, stitching together a still-developing coalition heavy on young people, women and educated liberals. In some national and early-state polls, Ms. Warren has caught up with Mr. Sanders as the second-place challenger to Mr. Biden, or come close to doing so. | For Wednesday’s forum, Ms. Warren looms well above the other nine candidates flanking her on either side. She has gained considerable strength as a champion for the party’s progressive wing, stitching together a still-developing coalition heavy on young people, women and educated liberals. In some national and early-state polls, Ms. Warren has caught up with Mr. Sanders as the second-place challenger to Mr. Biden, or come close to doing so. |
| Yet Ms. Warren, an agile and at times cutting rhetorician known for her facility with facts and statistical data, still faces skepticism from influential constituencies in the party, particularly about her ability to win the general election. The debates offered her a chance both to show Democratic voters that she is capable of defending her liberal policy proposals before a wide audience, and to project the kind of flinty resilience that might give Democrats confidence she can hold her own against a president who has reveled in attacking her personally. | Yet Ms. Warren, an agile and at times cutting rhetorician known for her facility with facts and statistical data, still faces skepticism from influential constituencies in the party, particularly about her ability to win the general election. The debates offered her a chance both to show Democratic voters that she is capable of defending her liberal policy proposals before a wide audience, and to project the kind of flinty resilience that might give Democrats confidence she can hold her own against a president who has reveled in attacking her personally. |
| [Sign up for our politics newsletter and join the conversation around the 2020 presidential race.] | [Sign up for our politics newsletter and join the conversation around the 2020 presidential race.] |
| For many — perhaps most — of the other candidates on stage on Wednesday, the debate appeared to be less a test of momentum than a bid for relevance. No other candidate has broken the 5-percent mark in recent Democratic primary polls, and at least one, Mr. O’Rourke, has seen his support fade steadily since the beginning of the year. | For many — perhaps most — of the other candidates on stage on Wednesday, the debate appeared to be less a test of momentum than a bid for relevance. No other candidate has broken the 5-percent mark in recent Democratic primary polls, and at least one, Mr. O’Rourke, has seen his support fade steadily since the beginning of the year. |
| Mr. O’Rourke and his fellow Texan, Mr. Castro, the former federal housing secretary, have increasingly focused on immigration as a campaign theme, highlighting their distinctive border-state credentials — and in Mr. Castro’s case, his Latino identity. | Mr. O’Rourke and his fellow Texan, Mr. Castro, the former federal housing secretary, have increasingly focused on immigration as a campaign theme, highlighting their distinctive border-state credentials — and in Mr. Castro’s case, his Latino identity. |
| Mr. Trump’s pledge to begin a mass roundup of families residing illegally in the United States had the potential to thrust immigration even more squarely into the center of the Democratic primary contest. Several of the candidates used their trip to South Florida to visit a local detention center for unaccompanied migrant children. | Mr. Trump’s pledge to begin a mass roundup of families residing illegally in the United States had the potential to thrust immigration even more squarely into the center of the Democratic primary contest. Several of the candidates used their trip to South Florida to visit a local detention center for unaccompanied migrant children. |
| “What is happening here in Homestead is wrong,” Ms. Warren said outside the detention center on Wednesday, hours before the debate. “And we will fight it with everything we have.” | “What is happening here in Homestead is wrong,” Ms. Warren said outside the detention center on Wednesday, hours before the debate. “And we will fight it with everything we have.” |
| Perhaps no other candidate was as grateful for the chance to demonstrate his oratory for a large audience as Mr. Booker. He has electrified activists at candidate forums and assembled a strong early-state organization, but he has languished in the polls in part because of his inability to draw attention on the internet and on television. | Perhaps no other candidate was as grateful for the chance to demonstrate his oratory for a large audience as Mr. Booker. He has electrified activists at candidate forums and assembled a strong early-state organization, but he has languished in the polls in part because of his inability to draw attention on the internet and on television. |
| Ms. Klobuchar has similarly struggled to find traction. She has trumpeted her three Senate victories in a Midwestern state that nearly fell to Mr. Trump in 2016, and argued that few other candidates in the field match her record of legislative accomplishments. But she has yet to distinguish herself in a field of better-known and more liberal candidates. | Ms. Klobuchar has similarly struggled to find traction. She has trumpeted her three Senate victories in a Midwestern state that nearly fell to Mr. Trump in 2016, and argued that few other candidates in the field match her record of legislative accomplishments. But she has yet to distinguish herself in a field of better-known and more liberal candidates. |
| Mr. Inslee has staked his candidacy on climate change as a singular concern, proposing sweeping energy and environmental plans and vowing to dedicate his presidency to enacting them. | Mr. Inslee has staked his candidacy on climate change as a singular concern, proposing sweeping energy and environmental plans and vowing to dedicate his presidency to enacting them. |
| Other long-shot candidates have tried to break through in less policy-oriented ways: Mr. Blasio, for instance, has positioned himself generally on the left and sought out opportunities to criticize Mr. Biden. Mr. Delaney has adopted a mirror image of that approach, branding himself as a business-friendly centrist and an unapologetic antagonist to Mr. Sanders; he has sharply criticized Mr. Sanders’s Medicare for All Act. | Other long-shot candidates have tried to break through in less policy-oriented ways: Mr. Blasio, for instance, has positioned himself generally on the left and sought out opportunities to criticize Mr. Biden. Mr. Delaney has adopted a mirror image of that approach, branding himself as a business-friendly centrist and an unapologetic antagonist to Mr. Sanders; he has sharply criticized Mr. Sanders’s Medicare for All Act. |