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| China Sentences a Canadian, Robert Lloyd Schellenberg, to Death | China Sentences a Canadian, Robert Lloyd Schellenberg, to Death |
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| BEIJING — China’s diplomatic clash with Canada escalated sharply on Monday, when a Chinese court swiftly sentenced a Canadian to death for drug smuggling at the end of a one-day retrial that was ordered weeks after a Chinese executive was arrested in British Columbia. | BEIJING — China’s diplomatic clash with Canada escalated sharply on Monday, when a Chinese court swiftly sentenced a Canadian to death for drug smuggling at the end of a one-day retrial that was ordered weeks after a Chinese executive was arrested in British Columbia. |
| The court in northeastern China announced the death penalty against the Canadian, Robert Lloyd Schellenberg, after a retrial that lasted one day, and gave no indication that his sentence might be reduced to prison time. Mr. Schellenberg’s fate is likely to become a volatile factor in diplomacy between Beijing and Ottawa after the Canadian authorities arrested a Chinese technology executive last month. | The court in northeastern China announced the death penalty against the Canadian, Robert Lloyd Schellenberg, after a retrial that lasted one day, and gave no indication that his sentence might be reduced to prison time. Mr. Schellenberg’s fate is likely to become a volatile factor in diplomacy between Beijing and Ottawa after the Canadian authorities arrested a Chinese technology executive last month. |
| Last month, a court ordered a retrial of Mr. Schellenberg after he appealed a 15-year prison sentence for smuggling methamphetamines. But against a backdrop of sharply increased tensions between China and Canada, the court sided with prosecutors who called for a stiffer sentence. | Last month, a court ordered a retrial of Mr. Schellenberg after he appealed a 15-year prison sentence for smuggling methamphetamines. But against a backdrop of sharply increased tensions between China and Canada, the court sided with prosecutors who called for a stiffer sentence. |
| “The evidence is compelling and ample, and the criminal charges are well founded,” the Dalian Intermediate People’s Court said, according to an official account published online. “Schellenberg was a principal culprit.” | “The evidence is compelling and ample, and the criminal charges are well founded,” the Dalian Intermediate People’s Court said, according to an official account published online. “Schellenberg was a principal culprit.” |
| Mr. Schellenberg’s aunt, Lauri Nelson-Jones, who has acted as a spokeswoman for his family, said by telephone from Marylandthe decision was the “worst-case scenario,” adding that “our worst fears were realized.” She said she was trying to contact his immediate family. | Mr. Schellenberg’s aunt, Lauri Nelson-Jones, who has acted as a spokeswoman for his family, said by telephone from Marylandthe decision was the “worst-case scenario,” adding that “our worst fears were realized.” She said she was trying to contact his immediate family. |
| “I didn’t think we’d get a verdict this fast,” Ms. Nelson-Jones said. “It’s shocking, especially from a North American view of how things go.” | “I didn’t think we’d get a verdict this fast,” Ms. Nelson-Jones said. “It’s shocking, especially from a North American view of how things go.” |
| At the trial on Monday, the prosectors and the judges laid out an account of a failed drug-smuggling operation that was starkly at odds with Mr. Schellenberg’s testimony. | At the trial on Monday, the prosectors and the judges laid out an account of a failed drug-smuggling operation that was starkly at odds with Mr. Schellenberg’s testimony. |
| He had told the court that he was a “tourist visiting China and framed by criminals,” China’s central television broadcaster said in an online report. | He had told the court that he was a “tourist visiting China and framed by criminals,” China’s central television broadcaster said in an online report. |
| But the court saw Mr. Schellenberg as a knowing and skilled participant in the smuggling scheme, which involved trying to ship nearly 500 pounds of methamphetamines to Australia in pellets stuffed inside tires. | But the court saw Mr. Schellenberg as a knowing and skilled participant in the smuggling scheme, which involved trying to ship nearly 500 pounds of methamphetamines to Australia in pellets stuffed inside tires. |
| The court report said that Mr. Schellenberg had assessed the equipment for the planned crime — including tires, tubes and containers — and suggested delaying the drug shipment to allow for more preparation. | The court report said that Mr. Schellenberg had assessed the equipment for the planned crime — including tires, tubes and containers — and suggested delaying the drug shipment to allow for more preparation. |
| Mr. Schellenberg’s unusually swift appeal hearing and retrial came after the Chinese government was incensed by the December arrest in Vancouver, British Columbia, of Meng Wanzhou, the chief financial officer of Huawei, a Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturer. | Mr. Schellenberg’s unusually swift appeal hearing and retrial came after the Chinese government was incensed by the December arrest in Vancouver, British Columbia, of Meng Wanzhou, the chief financial officer of Huawei, a Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturer. |
| Before the retrial, Mr. Schellenberg’s family had voiced fears that he would become a bargaining chip for Beijing to seek Ms. Meng’s release, Ms. Nelson-Jones said. | Before the retrial, Mr. Schellenberg’s family had voiced fears that he would become a bargaining chip for Beijing to seek Ms. Meng’s release, Ms. Nelson-Jones said. |
| “He’s become a pawn,” she said. “We can only guess, but that is definitely what it looks like, and that is incredibly worrisome.” | “He’s become a pawn,” she said. “We can only guess, but that is definitely what it looks like, and that is incredibly worrisome.” |
| Mr. Schellenberg appears to be the first North American sentenced to death in China in recent times. The sentence must still be examined and ratified by the country’s highest court, the Supreme People’s Court. | Mr. Schellenberg appears to be the first North American sentenced to death in China in recent times. The sentence must still be examined and ratified by the country’s highest court, the Supreme People’s Court. |
| Last month, before imposing the death sentence on Mr. Schellenberg, the Chinese authorities arrested two other Canadians: Michael Kovrig, a former diplomat; and Michael Spavor, a businessman. | Last month, before imposing the death sentence on Mr. Schellenberg, the Chinese authorities arrested two other Canadians: Michael Kovrig, a former diplomat; and Michael Spavor, a businessman. |
| Those men have been accused of “endangering national security,” a sweeping charge that can include espionage. The police, however, have not announced any specific allegations, and the two men remain in secret detention, denied visits from lawyers and family members. | Those men have been accused of “endangering national security,” a sweeping charge that can include espionage. The police, however, have not announced any specific allegations, and the two men remain in secret detention, denied visits from lawyers and family members. |
| On Monday, a spokeswoman for the Chinese Foreign Ministry, Hua Chunying, said Mr. Kovrig did not have diplomatic immunity, rejecting a comment from Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of Canada, who on Friday suggested that Mr. Kovrig had such protection. | On Monday, a spokeswoman for the Chinese Foreign Ministry, Hua Chunying, said Mr. Kovrig did not have diplomatic immunity, rejecting a comment from Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of Canada, who on Friday suggested that Mr. Kovrig had such protection. |
| Mr. Kovrig, who works for the International Crisis Group, is on leave from Global Affairs Canada, the country’s foreign service. The International Crisis Group, which gives advice on solving conflicts, has adamantly denied that Mr. Kovrig did anything to harm China. | Mr. Kovrig, who works for the International Crisis Group, is on leave from Global Affairs Canada, the country’s foreign service. The International Crisis Group, which gives advice on solving conflicts, has adamantly denied that Mr. Kovrig did anything to harm China. |
| Some foreign experts have said China’s swift action in all three cases appeared intended to pressure Canada to free Ms. Meng and return her to China, rather than sending her to the United States. The prospect that Mr. Schellenberg could be executed created a potent threat, they said. | Some foreign experts have said China’s swift action in all three cases appeared intended to pressure Canada to free Ms. Meng and return her to China, rather than sending her to the United States. The prospect that Mr. Schellenberg could be executed created a potent threat, they said. |
| “Sending the case back for retrial gives China the opportunity to threaten death and to drag out that threat for as long as necessary,” Donald Clarke, a professor at the George Washington University Law School who is an expert on Chinese law, wrote in a commentary last week for Lawfare, a national security blog. | “Sending the case back for retrial gives China the opportunity to threaten death and to drag out that threat for as long as necessary,” Donald Clarke, a professor at the George Washington University Law School who is an expert on Chinese law, wrote in a commentary last week for Lawfare, a national security blog. |
| “The case appears to reinforce the message, previously suggested by the detentions of Canadians Michael Kovrig and Michael Spavor, that China views the holding of human hostages as an acceptable way to conduct diplomacy,” Professor Clarke wrote. | “The case appears to reinforce the message, previously suggested by the detentions of Canadians Michael Kovrig and Michael Spavor, that China views the holding of human hostages as an acceptable way to conduct diplomacy,” Professor Clarke wrote. |
| Before his arrest in 2014, Mr. Schellenberg, 36, had been an adventurous traveler who used earnings from working in Alberta’s oil fields to pay for his travels in Asia, Ms. Nelson-Jones said by telephone. | Before his arrest in 2014, Mr. Schellenberg, 36, had been an adventurous traveler who used earnings from working in Alberta’s oil fields to pay for his travels in Asia, Ms. Nelson-Jones said by telephone. |
| Mr. Schellenberg grew up in Abbotsford, British Columbia, surrounded by a large extended family. He kept in irregular contact with his family as he roamed around Asia, especially Thailand, Ms. Nelson-Jones said. | Mr. Schellenberg grew up in Abbotsford, British Columbia, surrounded by a large extended family. He kept in irregular contact with his family as he roamed around Asia, especially Thailand, Ms. Nelson-Jones said. |
| “He called and told his dad — my brother — that he was heading off to China, and it was just like, ‘O.K., whatever,’” she said. About a month later, Mr. Schellenberg’s family learned that he had been arrested. | “He called and told his dad — my brother — that he was heading off to China, and it was just like, ‘O.K., whatever,’” she said. About a month later, Mr. Schellenberg’s family learned that he had been arrested. |
| Mr. Schellenberg was detained for 15 months before his first trial, and it took an additional 32 months before a court declared him guilty and sentenced him to 15 years in prison. | Mr. Schellenberg was detained for 15 months before his first trial, and it took an additional 32 months before a court declared him guilty and sentenced him to 15 years in prison. |
| The tempo of Mr. Schellenberg’s case has accelerated since Ms. Meng’s arrest. She is out on bail and under house arrest in Canada until the courts there decide whether she can be extradited to the United States. American prosecutors have accused her of fraudulent bank transactions related to business deals with Iran that violated United States sanctions. | The tempo of Mr. Schellenberg’s case has accelerated since Ms. Meng’s arrest. She is out on bail and under house arrest in Canada until the courts there decide whether she can be extradited to the United States. American prosecutors have accused her of fraudulent bank transactions related to business deals with Iran that violated United States sanctions. |
| At Mr. Schellenberg’s appeal hearing last month, prosecutors said that emerging evidence indicated he had played a bigger role in a drug trafficking network, and so his initial sentence was too light. | At Mr. Schellenberg’s appeal hearing last month, prosecutors said that emerging evidence indicated he had played a bigger role in a drug trafficking network, and so his initial sentence was too light. |
| At the retrial, prosecutors produced a witness, Xu Qing, to testify against the Canadian. But Mr. Schellenberg said he was unwittingly recruited into the scheme by Mr. Xu, reported Agence France-Presse, one of three foreign news outlets allowed into the court. | At the retrial, prosecutors produced a witness, Xu Qing, to testify against the Canadian. But Mr. Schellenberg said he was unwittingly recruited into the scheme by Mr. Xu, reported Agence France-Presse, one of three foreign news outlets allowed into the court. |
| “He is an international drug smuggler and a liar,” Mr. Schellenberg said, according to the agency. | “He is an international drug smuggler and a liar,” Mr. Schellenberg said, according to the agency. |
| The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs has denied that Mr. Schellenberg’s trial and the arrests of Mr. Kovrig and Mr. Spavor have anything to do with Ms. Meng’s arrest. At a news briefing on Friday, a spokesman for the ministry, Lu Kang, said critics should not undermine Chinese law for political purposes. | The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs has denied that Mr. Schellenberg’s trial and the arrests of Mr. Kovrig and Mr. Spavor have anything to do with Ms. Meng’s arrest. At a news briefing on Friday, a spokesman for the ministry, Lu Kang, said critics should not undermine Chinese law for political purposes. |
| “If there are no violations, I do hope that these people won’t just for their own sake politicize legal issues,” Mr. Lu said. | “If there are no violations, I do hope that these people won’t just for their own sake politicize legal issues,” Mr. Lu said. |
| But Chinese officials have diluted that argument by suggesting that their government was engaged in “defense” after the arrest of Ms. Meng. In an op-ed for a Canadian newspaper last week, the Chinese ambassador to Ottawa, Lu Shaye, said that the calls to release Mr. Kovrig and Mr. Spavor amounted to an assertion of “Western egotism and white supremacy.” | But Chinese officials have diluted that argument by suggesting that their government was engaged in “defense” after the arrest of Ms. Meng. In an op-ed for a Canadian newspaper last week, the Chinese ambassador to Ottawa, Lu Shaye, said that the calls to release Mr. Kovrig and Mr. Spavor amounted to an assertion of “Western egotism and white supremacy.” |
| “They said that by arresting two Canadian citizens as retaliation for Canada’s detention of Meng, China was bullying Canada,” Mr. Lu wrote. “To those people, China’s self-defense is an offense to Canada.” | “They said that by arresting two Canadian citizens as retaliation for Canada’s detention of Meng, China was bullying Canada,” Mr. Lu wrote. “To those people, China’s self-defense is an offense to Canada.” |
| In recent years, Chinese courts have repeatedly made the point that foreigners will not be treated differently from Chinese nationals when determining sentences for drug convictions. Even so, death sentences for citizens of Western countries are rare in drug trafficking cases. | In recent years, Chinese courts have repeatedly made the point that foreigners will not be treated differently from Chinese nationals when determining sentences for drug convictions. Even so, death sentences for citizens of Western countries are rare in drug trafficking cases. |
| Between 2009 and 2015, China executed at least 19 foreigners for drug trafficking, according to John Kamm, chairman of the Dui Hua Foundation, a group based in San Francisco that monitors human rights in China. | Between 2009 and 2015, China executed at least 19 foreigners for drug trafficking, according to John Kamm, chairman of the Dui Hua Foundation, a group based in San Francisco that monitors human rights in China. |
| That figure included five South Koreans, three Japanese and a French national. In 2009, China executed a British man, Akmal Shaikh, 53, for drug smuggling, despite appeals for clemency on the grounds of mental illness from his family and the British prime minister at the time. | That figure included five South Koreans, three Japanese and a French national. In 2009, China executed a British man, Akmal Shaikh, 53, for drug smuggling, despite appeals for clemency on the grounds of mental illness from his family and the British prime minister at the time. |
| Mr. Kamm said he was astonished by the speed and severity of the sentence against Mr. Schellenberg. Mr. Kamm noted that Hu Xijin, the editor of the Global Times, a nationalist Chinese newspaper, had warned before the sentencing that if Canada went ahead with Ms. Meng’s extradition to the United States, “China’s revenge will be far worse than detaining a Canadian.” | Mr. Kamm said he was astonished by the speed and severity of the sentence against Mr. Schellenberg. Mr. Kamm noted that Hu Xijin, the editor of the Global Times, a nationalist Chinese newspaper, had warned before the sentencing that if Canada went ahead with Ms. Meng’s extradition to the United States, “China’s revenge will be far worse than detaining a Canadian.” |