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| Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded to U.S., French and Canadian Scientists | Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded to U.S., French and Canadian Scientists |
| (35 minutes later) | |
| The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded on Tuesday to Arthur Ashkin of the United States, and to Gérard Mourou of France and Donna Strickland of Canada. | The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded on Tuesday to Arthur Ashkin of the United States, and to Gérard Mourou of France and Donna Strickland of Canada. |
| The Nobel committee recognized the scientists for their work in using light to make miniature tools. Dr. Ashkin invented “optical tweezers,” which use pressure from a highly focused laser beam to allow researchers to hold microscopic objects steady. Dr. Strickland and Dr. Mourou developed a method of generating high-intensity, ultrashort laser pulses, known as chirped pulse amplification. | |
| Dr. Mourou’s and Dr. Strickland’s work on high-intensity lasers has had a wide range of real-world applications, including in eye surgery and in manufacturing. Dr. Ashkin’s optical tweezers, allowing scientists to control the movement of tiny things, has been especially important in biological research on viruses and other microbes. | |
| The committee cited work that Dr. Ashkin, 96, did from the 1960s — shortly after lasers were first invented — to the 1980s, while he was at Bell Laboratories in New Jersey. | |
| Dr. Strickland, 59, only the third woman to win the Physics prize, is an associate professor at the University of Waterloo in Canada. Dr. Mourou, 74, is a professor at the École Polytechnique in France. They did their groundbreaking work together while at the University of Rochester in the 1980s. | |
| Rainer Weiss, Kip Thorne and Barry Barish were recognized for the detection of ripples in space-time known as gravitational waves, which were predicted by Albert Einstein a century ago but had never been directly seen. The Royal Swedish Academy called it “a discovery that shook the world.” | Rainer Weiss, Kip Thorne and Barry Barish were recognized for the detection of ripples in space-time known as gravitational waves, which were predicted by Albert Einstein a century ago but had never been directly seen. The Royal Swedish Academy called it “a discovery that shook the world.” |
| James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Monday, for a discovery that the body’s immune system can be used to attack cancer cells. | James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Monday, for a discovery that the body’s immune system can be used to attack cancer cells. |
| • The Nobel Prize in Chemistry will be announced on Wednesday in Sweden. Read about last year’s winners, Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson. | • The Nobel Prize in Chemistry will be announced on Wednesday in Sweden. Read about last year’s winners, Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson. |
| • The Nobel Peace Prize will be announced on Friday in Norway. Read about last year’s winner, the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons. | • The Nobel Peace Prize will be announced on Friday in Norway. Read about last year’s winner, the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons. |
| • The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science will be announced on Monday in Sweden. Read about last year’s winner, Richard H. Thaler. | • The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science will be announced on Monday in Sweden. Read about last year’s winner, Richard H. Thaler. |
| • The Nobel Prize in Literature has been postponed. The institution that chooses the laureate is embroiled in a scandal involving allegations of sexual misconduct, financial malpractice and repeated leaks — a crisis that led to the departure of several board members and required the intervention of the king of Sweden. Two laureates might be announced next year. Read about last year’s winner, Kazuo Ishiguro. | • The Nobel Prize in Literature has been postponed. The institution that chooses the laureate is embroiled in a scandal involving allegations of sexual misconduct, financial malpractice and repeated leaks — a crisis that led to the departure of several board members and required the intervention of the king of Sweden. Two laureates might be announced next year. Read about last year’s winner, Kazuo Ishiguro. |