French Turn on Macron, as They Grow Impatient for Results

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/23/world/europe/france-emmanuel-macron.html

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CIVRAY, France — The cheese lady, the melon man, the retiree downing his morning glass, the olive seller, the housewife sipping coffee and the village mayor submerged by constituents’ unpaid bills — all agreed that their country’s president, Emmanuel Macron, was letting them down.

“Oh, it’s a very good government! A very good government for the rich, who are kicking the poor out into the street! It’s not a good government for people who are actually working,” said Fernand Aso, 60, who sells olives and relishes at the outdoor market squeezed into the little main square of Civray, a town of just a few thousand in central France.

This area, which had voted Socialist before, was among the many that took a chance on the wunderkind former investment banker. Operating outside the established political parties, Mr. Macron swept to power 17 months ago at age 39, imploding France’s ossified politics amid a yearning to move the country out of years of economic stagnation.

But if the French were willing to give the youthful, little-known Mr. Macron a chance for a time, that time appears to be running out. The bloom is off, and not just in this largely rural area of farms, light industry and suburbs surrounding Poitiers, home to a big regional university.

From villages to the district’s ancient white limestone towns, across the rolling fields of sunflowers and corn burned brown by a torrid summer, through the French heartland, and even into the cities, the judgment is largely the same: negative.

In a spate of recent polls, Mr. Macron has dropped so sharply in popularity that he dipped even below his much-derided predecessor, the hapless Socialist François Hollande. A poll released last Monday showed Mr. Macron’s approval rating at only 19 percent, while 60 percent found his achievements “negative,” nearly double the figure six months ago.

Today Civray and its environs demonstrate the souring of opinion on Mr. Macron as well as anywhere. Its representative in Parliament was one of the first to break openly with Mr. Macron’s political movement. Conversations across this emblematic region amount to a buffet of disillusionment.

“In the beginning I thought, ‘Yes, he’s young, he’s dynamic,’” said Anaïs Bonetat, 22, a waitress in an empty cafe in nearby Montmorillon. “But really, now, I see he’s just doing it his way, without even asking us.”

Mr. Macron, a product of France’s top schools, may still command respect on the world stage, where he has positioned himself as the West’s indispensable alternative to know-nothing populism. But at home the young man christened “Jupiter,” king of the gods, by the news media and aides, half in awe at his total self-confidence and lightning ascent, has fallen very far, very fast.

His sputtering descent may hold broader dangers for liberal democracy in Europe at a time when the French president — with his pro-free trade, pro-Europe policies — has set himself up as the opposing pole to the forces of nativism tearing at the European Union.

The far-right Rassemblement National, formerly the National Front, waits in the wings, polling a close second to Mr. Macron’s movement before elections for the European Parliament next year.

“I’m fearful that the extremes will have the wind in their sails,” said Michel Pain, mayor of the tiny nearby town of Saint-Maurice-la-Clouère.

A series of mini-scandals this summer — an aide was caught on video hitting a protester, while other video found Mr. Macron admonishing ordinary citizens who accost him — has not helped the president.

But the problems are about more than just image; they are substantive.

The overwhelming feeling is that Mr. Macron’s express train of pro-market reforms — lightening a protective labor code, largely doing away with a wealth tax, ending favored status for the country’s railway workers — has so far not improved the lives of ordinary French people.

Instead, those in the broad economic and social tiers below the elite complain that they are paying the price as Mr. Macron makes France more capitalist, forsaking traditions of equality and fraternity in favor of the rich.

His unforgiving countrymen, suspicious of change under the best of circumstances and rattled by globalization, migration and encroaching populism, have grown impatient with him.

Despite 18 months of reforms, the unemployment rate has barely budged and hovers over 9 percent. The economy is growing at a meager rate, around 1.7 percent.

In small-town France, where there has been a steady retreat of services, underway long before Mr. Macron took office, the negative feelings are especially sharp. They have been made more acute by his proposal to do a way with a crucial tax on which these towns depend, the lodgings tax.

“I’m a little bit perplexed. The numbers just aren’t there,” said Gilles Bosseboeuf, a retired electronics company manager who is mayor of the village of Champagné-Saint-Hilaire, outside Poitiers. “Very disappointed, in fact.”

Pollsters confirm these sentiments.

“He’s no longer seen as renewing the office of the presidency,” said Frédéric Dabi, a pollster at IFOP, the French Public Opinion Institute. “And public opinion has become extremely demanding. His reforms are seen as unjust. People are thinking that the majority isn’t benefiting.”

Mr. Macron’s defenders say that his agenda is for the long haul, and that it is too soon to pass judgment.

“We didn’t say that we were going to change the country in a year and half,” said Stanislas Guerini, a lawmaker from Paris who is a spokesman for Mr. Macron’s movement, La République en Marche (The Republic on the Move).

“If we really want to change the country deeply, we’ve got to take the time to undertake deep reforms,” Mr. Guerini said.

He pointed to what he called “weak signals” that Mr. Macron’s program was having an effect: 40 percent more youth enrolled in apprenticeship programs; 15 percent fewer disputes before labor tribunals; 15 billion euros, or $17.6 billion, invested in job training programs; a doubling of classes in troubled areas.

“All of our policies are geared toward emancipation, so that no matter where you start, you will have the same chance as anybody else,” said Hervé Berville, another spokesman for Mr. Macron’s movement. “We want people to leave poverty, not live better in poverty.”

However, many people complain that the burden of moving the economy forward has been foisted on the less fortunate of an aging population.

“Macron’s falling, and the grace period is finished,” said Mr. Pain, the mayor, who is a retired schoolteacher. “The results just aren’t there. There’s no improvement in the unemployment rate. France’s reindustrialization is not taking off.”

“They’re hitting retirees hard,” he added — a widely shared perception, and a dangerous one for Mr. Macron in a country where most retire at 62 or earlier and the ratio of retired people to workers is expected to be one to one by 2030.

Around 60 percent of retirees — those earning over $25,000 — have seen a social security tax on their state pensions increase by nearly 2 percent under Mr. Macron, while the value of their pensions is not keeping pace with inflation.

“He’s nicking money from me,” said Roger Coquillaud, 65, a retired army officer at the modest central cafe in Civray.

Facing angry reactions, the government announced this past week that it would exempt some 300,000 retirees from the tax increase.

Mr. Macron’s perceived imperious manner — in a country where toppling leaders is part of the national DNA — has only compounded the fears of social and economic slippage.

The persistent litany of complaints about him — that he is arrogant, that he doesn’t listen to the less fortunate, that he is authoritarian, that his policies favor the well-to-do — are self-reinforcing and feed on one another.

“When you’ve already got a bad opinion of a politician, the slightest thing can add to it. There’s a bad atmosphere around it,” said Jean-Michel Clément, the local representative in Parliament who broke with Mr. Macron over the president’s toughening line on immigration, and who has been effectively shut out ever since.

The cross-fertilizing element in the complaints about Mr. Macron was evident in the responses of many.

“For me, I think he’s moving further and further away from the population,” said Jean-Marie Peigner, a retired phone company worker who is now the part-time mayor of the adjoining village of Saint-Pierre-d’Exideuil. “I have quite a few who regret having voted for him.”

Among the regretful is Bernard Blanchet, 61, who directs a music school in Montmorillon.

“There’s a kind of spirit of royalism in him,” said Mr. Blanchet, who had stopped between two market stalls to discuss politics.

Mr. Macron once declared to an interviewer that the French missed their king — forgetting that they had also executed him.

“You can’t disagree with him,” Mr. Blanchet said. “It’s clear: I won’t vote for him again.”