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| Mothers working part-time hit hard by gender pay gap, study shows | Mothers working part-time hit hard by gender pay gap, study shows |
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| Women more likely to juggle work and childcare than male partners, stalling their pay progression | |
| Richard Partington | |
| Mon 5 Feb 2018 07.34 GMT | |
| First published on Mon 5 Feb 2018 00.01 GMT | |
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| Women who work part-time after having children are likely to suffer the extremes of the gender pay gap, according to fresh research showing how working mothers are missing out on pay progression. | Women who work part-time after having children are likely to suffer the extremes of the gender pay gap, according to fresh research showing how working mothers are missing out on pay progression. |
| By the time a first child has reached the age of 20, mothers earn almost a third less per hour, on average, than similarly educated fathers, according to research from the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) undertaken for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. | By the time a first child has reached the age of 20, mothers earn almost a third less per hour, on average, than similarly educated fathers, according to research from the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) undertaken for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. |
| The stark difference in pay according to gender comes as a consequence of the poorer levels of pay progression open to part-time workers – with women making up the vast majority of people taking temporary jobs, as they look to find more flexible working arrangements after having children. As a result, they miss out on earnings growth associated with staying in a permanent job. | The stark difference in pay according to gender comes as a consequence of the poorer levels of pay progression open to part-time workers – with women making up the vast majority of people taking temporary jobs, as they look to find more flexible working arrangements after having children. As a result, they miss out on earnings growth associated with staying in a permanent job. |
| There are fears that progress in closing the gender pay gap has stalled, with the latest figures showing that the average female employee currently earns around 9.1% less per hour than the average male employee. While that has come down from about 30% in the early 1990s, the difference remains high. | There are fears that progress in closing the gender pay gap has stalled, with the latest figures showing that the average female employee currently earns around 9.1% less per hour than the average male employee. While that has come down from about 30% in the early 1990s, the difference remains high. |
| About a quarter of the wage gap identified by the IFS comes as a result of mothers taking part-time work, while just a tenth of the gap is down to women taking time out of the labour market altogether for a prolonged period of time. | About a quarter of the wage gap identified by the IFS comes as a result of mothers taking part-time work, while just a tenth of the gap is down to women taking time out of the labour market altogether for a prolonged period of time. |
| The report also highlights how women’s pay suffers at the hands of a cultural norm among nuclear families whereby women more typically juggle work with looking after children than their male partners. For men, part-time employment rates were essentially unaffected by the arrival of a first child, while women were shown to be significantly more likely than men to still be in part-time jobs when their first child reaches adulthood. | The report also highlights how women’s pay suffers at the hands of a cultural norm among nuclear families whereby women more typically juggle work with looking after children than their male partners. For men, part-time employment rates were essentially unaffected by the arrival of a first child, while women were shown to be significantly more likely than men to still be in part-time jobs when their first child reaches adulthood. |
| The lack of earnings growth in part-time work has a particularly big impact for graduate women, because they would typically stand to gain the most from rising levels of pay from remaining in full-time paid work. The report found that the wage gap has not fallen at all in the last 25 years for the highest-educated women due to this trend. | The lack of earnings growth in part-time work has a particularly big impact for graduate women, because they would typically stand to gain the most from rising levels of pay from remaining in full-time paid work. The report found that the wage gap has not fallen at all in the last 25 years for the highest-educated women due to this trend. |
| The government has set a deadline for businesses with more than 250 staff to report their gender pay gap by 4 April. Some companies have already started reporting, including the BBC, which has faced sharp criticism after high-profile female employees were found to have salaries significantly lower than their male counterparts. | The government has set a deadline for businesses with more than 250 staff to report their gender pay gap by 4 April. Some companies have already started reporting, including the BBC, which has faced sharp criticism after high-profile female employees were found to have salaries significantly lower than their male counterparts. |
| Monica Costa Dias of the IFS said: “It is remarkable that periods spent in part-time work lead to virtually no wage progression at all. It should be a priority for governments and others to understand the reasons for this.” | Monica Costa Dias of the IFS said: “It is remarkable that periods spent in part-time work lead to virtually no wage progression at all. It should be a priority for governments and others to understand the reasons for this.” |
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