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| Catalonia’s Leader Seeks Talks in Standoff With Spain | |
| (about 17 hours later) | |
| BARCELONA — The leader of Catalonia said Wednesday night that he wanted a negotiated settlement to the region’s conflict with the Spanish government, but he did not offer to shelve his secessionist plan. | BARCELONA — The leader of Catalonia said Wednesday night that he wanted a negotiated settlement to the region’s conflict with the Spanish government, but he did not offer to shelve his secessionist plan. |
| The leader, Carles Puigdemont, directly addressed King Felipe VI of Spain, accusing him of endorsing the “catastrophic” policies of Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy instead of offering dialogue and reaching out to all his subjects. | The leader, Carles Puigdemont, directly addressed King Felipe VI of Spain, accusing him of endorsing the “catastrophic” policies of Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy instead of offering dialogue and reaching out to all his subjects. |
| But Mr. Puigdemont did not mention — as he had previously — plans for a unilateral declaration of independence from the rest of Spain, which would deepen an unprecedented constitutional crisis for the country. | But Mr. Puigdemont did not mention — as he had previously — plans for a unilateral declaration of independence from the rest of Spain, which would deepen an unprecedented constitutional crisis for the country. |
| Amid the standoff between the region of Catalonia and the central government in Madrid, Mr. Puigdemont adopted a conciliatory tone that could allow him to claim that he made every effort to negotiate an end to the dispute. But Mr. Rajoy has insisted that before any negotiations, Mr. Puigdemont will have to withdraw his independence plan and respect Spain’s constitutional unity. | Amid the standoff between the region of Catalonia and the central government in Madrid, Mr. Puigdemont adopted a conciliatory tone that could allow him to claim that he made every effort to negotiate an end to the dispute. But Mr. Rajoy has insisted that before any negotiations, Mr. Puigdemont will have to withdraw his independence plan and respect Spain’s constitutional unity. |
| Mr. Rajoy has emergency powers that would allow him to suspend from office Mr. Puigdemont and his fellow separatists and take control of Catalonia, but such a move carries its own risks. After a contentious independence referendum last weekend, marred by clashes between the Spanish police and Catalan voters, a large-scale intervention by Madrid could increase separatist feelings among Catalonia’s divided citizenship and unsettle other regions with a history of separatist sentiment. | Mr. Rajoy has emergency powers that would allow him to suspend from office Mr. Puigdemont and his fellow separatists and take control of Catalonia, but such a move carries its own risks. After a contentious independence referendum last weekend, marred by clashes between the Spanish police and Catalan voters, a large-scale intervention by Madrid could increase separatist feelings among Catalonia’s divided citizenship and unsettle other regions with a history of separatist sentiment. |
| “This moment requires mediation,” Mr. Puigdemont said. “We have received several offers in the last hours and we will receive more,” he added, without specifying who would serve as a mediator. So far, Catalan calls for outside help have fallen on deaf ears, with leaders of the European Union instead urging Mr. Puigdemont to respect Spain’s Constitution. | “This moment requires mediation,” Mr. Puigdemont said. “We have received several offers in the last hours and we will receive more,” he added, without specifying who would serve as a mediator. So far, Catalan calls for outside help have fallen on deaf ears, with leaders of the European Union instead urging Mr. Puigdemont to respect Spain’s Constitution. |
| In an eight-minute speech, Mr. Puigdemont switched between Catalan and Castilian Spanish and told King Felipe that “you have disappointed a lot of Catalans.” | In an eight-minute speech, Mr. Puigdemont switched between Catalan and Castilian Spanish and told King Felipe that “you have disappointed a lot of Catalans.” |
| But Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría, Spain’s deputy prime minister, defended the monarch and said that Mr. Puigdemont was taking Catalans on “a journey to nowhere,” along which “every step he takes provokes greater unrest.” | But Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría, Spain’s deputy prime minister, defended the monarch and said that Mr. Puigdemont was taking Catalans on “a journey to nowhere,” along which “every step he takes provokes greater unrest.” |
| Speaking on Spanish television minutes after Mr. Puigdemont’s address, Ms. Sáenz de Santamaría said Mr. Puigdemont lived “not only outside the law but also outside reality.” Because of Mr. Puigdemont, she said, “never have Catalonia and Spain endured a fracture like that which we are living now.” | Speaking on Spanish television minutes after Mr. Puigdemont’s address, Ms. Sáenz de Santamaría said Mr. Puigdemont lived “not only outside the law but also outside reality.” Because of Mr. Puigdemont, she said, “never have Catalonia and Spain endured a fracture like that which we are living now.” |
| Even though he did not discuss his independence plans on Wednesday, Mr. Puigdemont is still expected to submit the results of last Sunday’s referendum — which he said approved independence overwhelmingly — for a vote by the region’s Parliament, in which separatist lawmakers have a fragile majority, making passage likely, but not certain. | Even though he did not discuss his independence plans on Wednesday, Mr. Puigdemont is still expected to submit the results of last Sunday’s referendum — which he said approved independence overwhelmingly — for a vote by the region’s Parliament, in which separatist lawmakers have a fragile majority, making passage likely, but not certain. |
| Spain’s government, with the support of Spanish courts, had declared Catalonia’s referendum illegal before it was held, and a move by Mr. Puigdemont to push for a declaration of independence would be likely to provoke an even broader crackdown by the central government. | Spain’s government, with the support of Spanish courts, had declared Catalonia’s referendum illegal before it was held, and a move by Mr. Puigdemont to push for a declaration of independence would be likely to provoke an even broader crackdown by the central government. |
| Madrid has left a large contingent of Spanish national police in Catalonia after they tried to block the referendum, clashing violently with voters who believe that the region, one of Spain’s most prosperous, is entitled to a separate state because of its distinct language, history and culture. | Madrid has left a large contingent of Spanish national police in Catalonia after they tried to block the referendum, clashing violently with voters who believe that the region, one of Spain’s most prosperous, is entitled to a separate state because of its distinct language, history and culture. |
| Mr. Puigdemont could be suspended and face sedition charges. For hard-line separatists, however, Mr. Puigdemont would almost certainly be seen as a traitor if he failed to make the referendum result binding, even though only about two-fifths of the Catalan electorate cast ballots. | Mr. Puigdemont could be suspended and face sedition charges. For hard-line separatists, however, Mr. Puigdemont would almost certainly be seen as a traitor if he failed to make the referendum result binding, even though only about two-fifths of the Catalan electorate cast ballots. |
| In deciding how to respond, the Spanish government was given ample cover on Tuesday by King Felipe. In a televised address, he condemned the Catalans’ “inadmissible disloyalty” to Spain’s unity and constitution. | In deciding how to respond, the Spanish government was given ample cover on Tuesday by King Felipe. In a televised address, he condemned the Catalans’ “inadmissible disloyalty” to Spain’s unity and constitution. |
| The monarch made no reference to Sunday’s referendum, the strike and street rallies that followed, or the violent crackdown by the national police to suppress the vote. He also made no mention of possible dialogue with separatists. | The monarch made no reference to Sunday’s referendum, the strike and street rallies that followed, or the violent crackdown by the national police to suppress the vote. He also made no mention of possible dialogue with separatists. |
| King Felipe’s tough words were mostly welcomed by Spanish politicians as a strong defense of the constitutional order, as well as a mandate for Mr. Rajoy to take every emergency measure needed to stop Catalan separatism in its tracks. | King Felipe’s tough words were mostly welcomed by Spanish politicians as a strong defense of the constitutional order, as well as a mandate for Mr. Rajoy to take every emergency measure needed to stop Catalan separatism in its tracks. |
| But Irene Montero, a lawmaker from the far-left Podemos Party, said that she was very disappointed that King Felipe left out “millions of Spaniards” who believed in a negotiated settlement with Catalan separatists. | But Irene Montero, a lawmaker from the far-left Podemos Party, said that she was very disappointed that King Felipe left out “millions of Spaniards” who believed in a negotiated settlement with Catalan separatists. |
| Faced with the threat of a Catalan republic, the king reacted as a monarch unwilling to lose part of his territory, Ernesto Ekaizer, a newspaper columnist, said on Catalan television. “The speech was one-way,” Mr. Ekaizer added, to allow “Mr. Rajoy to re-establish legality” in Catalonia. | Faced with the threat of a Catalan republic, the king reacted as a monarch unwilling to lose part of his territory, Ernesto Ekaizer, a newspaper columnist, said on Catalan television. “The speech was one-way,” Mr. Ekaizer added, to allow “Mr. Rajoy to re-establish legality” in Catalonia. |
| The standoff is raising concerns in the business community, with Spain’s main stock market index losing almost 3 percent on Wednesday — its biggest one-day fall since last year’s British referendum on leaving the European Union. | The standoff is raising concerns in the business community, with Spain’s main stock market index losing almost 3 percent on Wednesday — its biggest one-day fall since last year’s British referendum on leaving the European Union. |
| Under Article 155 of Spain’s Constitution, which has not been previously used, Mr. Rajoy’s government can seize full administrative control of Catalonia. | Under Article 155 of Spain’s Constitution, which has not been previously used, Mr. Rajoy’s government can seize full administrative control of Catalonia. |
| The Constitution does not detail how far the crackdown could stretch or for how long. But Mr. Rajoy’s emergency powers range from the suspension of Catalonia’s politicians and its regional Parliament to the suspension of the Catalan autonomous police, as well as the Catalan television and radio broadcaster. | The Constitution does not detail how far the crackdown could stretch or for how long. But Mr. Rajoy’s emergency powers range from the suspension of Catalonia’s politicians and its regional Parliament to the suspension of the Catalan autonomous police, as well as the Catalan television and radio broadcaster. |
| Mr. Rajoy could then appoint new political leaders in Catalonia, for as long as he deems necessary, before calling new regional elections. The Spanish government’s current delegate in Catalonia is Enric Millo, but separatists this week demanded his resignation for condoning the police crackdown on voters, which left hundreds injured. | Mr. Rajoy could then appoint new political leaders in Catalonia, for as long as he deems necessary, before calling new regional elections. The Spanish government’s current delegate in Catalonia is Enric Millo, but separatists this week demanded his resignation for condoning the police crackdown on voters, which left hundreds injured. |
| It is also unclear how far Mr. Rajoy would want to apply Article 155 in a climate of street protests. Perhaps the most delicate issue would be how Madrid would deploy the Spanish police to substitute for officers of the Mossos d’Esquadra, Catalonia’s autonomous police force. | It is also unclear how far Mr. Rajoy would want to apply Article 155 in a climate of street protests. Perhaps the most delicate issue would be how Madrid would deploy the Spanish police to substitute for officers of the Mossos d’Esquadra, Catalonia’s autonomous police force. |
| Adding to the tensions surrounding Spain’s security forces, a judge from Spain’s national court on Wednesday summoned Josep Lluís Trapero, Catalonia’s police chief, for questioning over why he had not stopped protesters last month. Chief Trapero could himself be charged with sedition. | Adding to the tensions surrounding Spain’s security forces, a judge from Spain’s national court on Wednesday summoned Josep Lluís Trapero, Catalonia’s police chief, for questioning over why he had not stopped protesters last month. Chief Trapero could himself be charged with sedition. |
| Given Mr. Rajoy’s legal powers to stop the separatists from violating Spain’s Constitution, Mr. Puigdemont must consider whether to provoke Mr. Rajoy into a full seizure of Catalonia — or try instead to declare independence first, which could alienate more moderate separatists who are concerned about escalating the conflict. | Given Mr. Rajoy’s legal powers to stop the separatists from violating Spain’s Constitution, Mr. Puigdemont must consider whether to provoke Mr. Rajoy into a full seizure of Catalonia — or try instead to declare independence first, which could alienate more moderate separatists who are concerned about escalating the conflict. |
| Any declaration of independence would have to be voted on first in the Catalan Parliament, where separatist parties since 2015 have formed a coalition that holds 72 of the 135 seats. | Any declaration of independence would have to be voted on first in the Catalan Parliament, where separatist parties since 2015 have formed a coalition that holds 72 of the 135 seats. |
| Though Mr. Puigdemont is calling for international mediation, only a few European Union officials have spoken out, and they have called for internal Spanish dialogue. | Though Mr. Puigdemont is calling for international mediation, only a few European Union officials have spoken out, and they have called for internal Spanish dialogue. |
| On Wednesday, Frans Timmermans, the vice president of the European Commission, said that Catalonia’s regional government had “chosen to ignore the law” when organizing the referendum and that Spain had used “proportionate force” to stop the vote. | On Wednesday, Frans Timmermans, the vice president of the European Commission, said that Catalonia’s regional government had “chosen to ignore the law” when organizing the referendum and that Spain had used “proportionate force” to stop the vote. |
| “Let me be clear: Violence does not solve anything in politics,” Mr. Timmermans told the European Parliament in Strasbourg. “It is never the answer, never a solution.” But “it is a duty of any government to uphold the rule of law and this does sometimes require proportionate use of force,” he said, while also adding that it was “time to talk.” | “Let me be clear: Violence does not solve anything in politics,” Mr. Timmermans told the European Parliament in Strasbourg. “It is never the answer, never a solution.” But “it is a duty of any government to uphold the rule of law and this does sometimes require proportionate use of force,” he said, while also adding that it was “time to talk.” |
| Mr. Rajoy, meanwhile, is in charge of a minority government and is under pressure from the Ciudadanos Party — his ally in the national Parliament and a party founded to oppose Catalan secessionism — to remove Mr. Puigdemont as soon as possible. | Mr. Rajoy, meanwhile, is in charge of a minority government and is under pressure from the Ciudadanos Party — his ally in the national Parliament and a party founded to oppose Catalan secessionism — to remove Mr. Puigdemont as soon as possible. |
| While unlikely to smooth relations between Madrid and Barcelona, the capital of Catalonia, King Felipe’s intervention could also have helped rally Spain’s opposition parties around Mr. Rajoy at a time when the Socialists have been ambivalent about how far the crackdown on Catalonia’s government should stretch. | While unlikely to smooth relations between Madrid and Barcelona, the capital of Catalonia, King Felipe’s intervention could also have helped rally Spain’s opposition parties around Mr. Rajoy at a time when the Socialists have been ambivalent about how far the crackdown on Catalonia’s government should stretch. |
| On Wednesday, Margarita Robles, the parliamentary spokeswoman of the Socialist Party, told Mr. Rajoy to take full responsibility for his handling of Catalonia. Mr. Rajoy is “paid to govern, not to look into the rearview mirror to see what the opposition does,” she said. | On Wednesday, Margarita Robles, the parliamentary spokeswoman of the Socialist Party, told Mr. Rajoy to take full responsibility for his handling of Catalonia. Mr. Rajoy is “paid to govern, not to look into the rearview mirror to see what the opposition does,” she said. |