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‘Neutral Sex’ Designation Is Struck Down in France | ‘Neutral Sex’ Designation Is Struck Down in France |
(35 minutes later) | |
PARIS — France’s top court ruled on Thursday against granting an intersex person born with a genital malformation the right to be recognized by the state as being of a “neutral” sex. | PARIS — France’s top court ruled on Thursday against granting an intersex person born with a genital malformation the right to be recognized by the state as being of a “neutral” sex. |
The plaintiff, going by the name Gaëtan Schmitt, was registered at birth as a man but has argued he perceives his sexual identity as being neither female nor male. | |
Mr. Schmitt, a 66-year-old psychotherapist, first took legal action in 2015 to obtain civil status as “neutral sex.” A regional court in Tours granted him the status, but the decision was overturned on appeal by a court in Orléans in 2016. | Mr. Schmitt, a 66-year-old psychotherapist, first took legal action in 2015 to obtain civil status as “neutral sex.” A regional court in Tours granted him the status, but the decision was overturned on appeal by a court in Orléans in 2016. |
The plaintiff, who is married and has adopted a child, brought the case to the Cour de Cassation, France’s supreme court, this year. | The plaintiff, who is married and has adopted a child, brought the case to the Cour de Cassation, France’s supreme court, this year. |
The court upheld the Orléans court’s decision, ruling that the distinction between male and female was “necessary to the social and legal organization, of which it is a cornerstone,” and that the “recognition of a neutral gender” would have “deep repercussions” on French law and would entail “numerous legislative changes.” | The court upheld the Orléans court’s decision, ruling that the distinction between male and female was “necessary to the social and legal organization, of which it is a cornerstone,” and that the “recognition of a neutral gender” would have “deep repercussions” on French law and would entail “numerous legislative changes.” |
The judges did not detail what the repercussions would be. A prosecutor for the court wrote in a recommendation that it was not “up to the judge to create new legal categories of persons,” but that “such social issues necessitate a broad democratic debate.” | The judges did not detail what the repercussions would be. A prosecutor for the court wrote in a recommendation that it was not “up to the judge to create new legal categories of persons,” but that “such social issues necessitate a broad democratic debate.” |
Bertrand Périer, Mr. Schmitt’s lawyer, called the ruling a “missed opportunity.” “I don’t see why France’s social or legal organization would necessitate gender binarism,” he said in a phone interview. | Bertrand Périer, Mr. Schmitt’s lawyer, called the ruling a “missed opportunity.” “I don’t see why France’s social or legal organization would necessitate gender binarism,” he said in a phone interview. |
Unlike other sexuality-related issues, the question of whether a third category recognizing a neutral sex should exist has been subject to little debate in France. | Unlike other sexuality-related issues, the question of whether a third category recognizing a neutral sex should exist has been subject to little debate in France. |
In 2012 and 2013, the country clashed over whether to grant gay couples the right to marry, with millions of people, many of them conservative Catholics, protesting in Paris. Same-sex marriage was legalized in April 2013, after more than 100 hours of debate in Parliament. | In 2012 and 2013, the country clashed over whether to grant gay couples the right to marry, with millions of people, many of them conservative Catholics, protesting in Paris. Same-sex marriage was legalized in April 2013, after more than 100 hours of debate in Parliament. |
There was little debate over whether transsexual people should be given the right to have their sex reassigned as a civil status. A 2016 law removed conditions denounced by transgender-rights organizations as hurdles in the legal process, including having to undergo medical treatment. | There was little debate over whether transsexual people should be given the right to have their sex reassigned as a civil status. A 2016 law removed conditions denounced by transgender-rights organizations as hurdles in the legal process, including having to undergo medical treatment. |
Mr. Schmitt was raised by his parents as a boy because his mother had wanted one, Mr. Périer said. In his mid-30s, as part of a treatment for the bone disease osteoporosis, he took hormones that gave him the appearance of a man. | Mr. Schmitt was raised by his parents as a boy because his mother had wanted one, Mr. Périer said. In his mid-30s, as part of a treatment for the bone disease osteoporosis, he took hormones that gave him the appearance of a man. |
About 200 babies are born every year in France with a medical condition of sex development disorder, or one in 4,000 births, according to a 2017 parliamentary report. | About 200 babies are born every year in France with a medical condition of sex development disorder, or one in 4,000 births, according to a 2017 parliamentary report. |
Since 2011, people born with a sex development disorder can have their sex assignment postponed, but only within a maximum period of two years. | Since 2011, people born with a sex development disorder can have their sex assignment postponed, but only within a maximum period of two years. |
A court in Germany last year rejected the creation of a third sex category. Only a few countries in the world have created such a category, including Australia, Nepal, India and New Zealand. | A court in Germany last year rejected the creation of a third sex category. Only a few countries in the world have created such a category, including Australia, Nepal, India and New Zealand. |
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