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| How I see Britain: photographs that define the country | How I see Britain: photographs that define the country |
| (about 9 hours later) | |
| A striking miner, Orgreave, 1984 | A striking miner, Orgreave, 1984 |
| Luke Wright, poet | Luke Wright, poet |
| This rich, beautiful photo by Don McPhee shows striking miner (“Striking? He’s absolutely gorgeous!”) George “Geordie” Brealey (right) and policeman Paul Castle (far left) at Orgreave on 18 June 1984. What followed, known as the Battle of Orgreave, was one of the most violent clashes in recent British civil history, as 6,000 police officers and 5,000 miners faced off at the Orgreave coking plant in South Yorkshire. | This rich, beautiful photo by Don McPhee shows striking miner (“Striking? He’s absolutely gorgeous!”) George “Geordie” Brealey (right) and policeman Paul Castle (far left) at Orgreave on 18 June 1984. What followed, known as the Battle of Orgreave, was one of the most violent clashes in recent British civil history, as 6,000 police officers and 5,000 miners faced off at the Orgreave coking plant in South Yorkshire. |
| Brealey was said to have form for joking and clowning with police officers on the picket line. Wearing a child’s bobbie’s helmet, he would pretend to “inspect the lines”. Here is one man, sarcastically incognito, facing an infinite militarised police force. Brealey is at once brave, good-humoured and anti-establishment – a British hero. | Brealey was said to have form for joking and clowning with police officers on the picket line. Wearing a child’s bobbie’s helmet, he would pretend to “inspect the lines”. Here is one man, sarcastically incognito, facing an infinite militarised police force. Brealey is at once brave, good-humoured and anti-establishment – a British hero. |
| I was two in 1984, so this event is beyond my living memory, but it seems increasingly relevant to the divisions of contemporary Britain. Orgreave marked a turning point in the 1984-85 miners’ strike, and for labour relations in the UK. Zero-hours contracts, the left-behind, the divisions of Brexit – they point back to a moment like this. | I was two in 1984, so this event is beyond my living memory, but it seems increasingly relevant to the divisions of contemporary Britain. Orgreave marked a turning point in the 1984-85 miners’ strike, and for labour relations in the UK. Zero-hours contracts, the left-behind, the divisions of Brexit – they point back to a moment like this. |
| The Boy With the Flag, 1970 | The Boy With the Flag, 1970 |
| David Lammy, Labour MP | David Lammy, Labour MP |
| Vanley Burke’s image conveys the promise of second-generation immigrants born in Britain after their parents had landed on our shores on the Windrush in 1948. My parents were part of the Windrush generation, so this photo has a particular poignancy for me. Long before Linford Christie or Jessica Ennis won gold medals for Britain and wrapped themselves in the British flag, these young men and women began to identify with the country that was their only home. | Vanley Burke’s image conveys the promise of second-generation immigrants born in Britain after their parents had landed on our shores on the Windrush in 1948. My parents were part of the Windrush generation, so this photo has a particular poignancy for me. Long before Linford Christie or Jessica Ennis won gold medals for Britain and wrapped themselves in the British flag, these young men and women began to identify with the country that was their only home. |
| Of course, this was the beginning of a bittersweet period for ethnic minorities in Britain: Enoch Powell, hostile police “sus” laws, failing schools and the emerging strife of inner-city life for immigrant communities. But it also captures the birth of multicultural Britain and conveys a spirit of hope and opportunity. This generation of ethnic minorities would go on to make significant myriad contributions to Britain, from the rebirth of the NHS to the transformation of the Premier League. Nothing would be quite the same again. | Of course, this was the beginning of a bittersweet period for ethnic minorities in Britain: Enoch Powell, hostile police “sus” laws, failing schools and the emerging strife of inner-city life for immigrant communities. But it also captures the birth of multicultural Britain and conveys a spirit of hope and opportunity. This generation of ethnic minorities would go on to make significant myriad contributions to Britain, from the rebirth of the NHS to the transformation of the Premier League. Nothing would be quite the same again. |
| Didcot power station, 27 July 2014 | Didcot power station, 27 July 2014 |
| Photograph: Alamy | |
| Joan Bakewell, broadcaster | Joan Bakewell, broadcaster |
| I loved these cooling towers at Didcot in Oxfordshire [which were demolished in July 2014] … they were things of real beauty. Whenever I passed on the train, I would put down my book to enjoy them. They had great sweeping curves and in all weathers turned a different face to the world. We preserve windmills and steam trains, so why not these? | I loved these cooling towers at Didcot in Oxfordshire [which were demolished in July 2014] … they were things of real beauty. Whenever I passed on the train, I would put down my book to enjoy them. They had great sweeping curves and in all weathers turned a different face to the world. We preserve windmills and steam trains, so why not these? |
| There is something poignant about the death of buildings: industrial ones signal the move from one era of technology to another. Their destruction marks the passing of time, of one way of looking and being into another that we can’t yet imagine. The moment when they fall to the ground marks a moment in history gone for ever. No wonder people gaze in amazement when that happens. | There is something poignant about the death of buildings: industrial ones signal the move from one era of technology to another. Their destruction marks the passing of time, of one way of looking and being into another that we can’t yet imagine. The moment when they fall to the ground marks a moment in history gone for ever. No wonder people gaze in amazement when that happens. |
| VE celebrations, 8 May 1945 | VE celebrations, 8 May 1945 |
| Peter Tatchell, human rights campaigner | Peter Tatchell, human rights campaigner |
| This photograph captures the joy of one of the most important moments of the 20th century – the victory over fascism in 1945. It also symbolises the huge strides made for gender equality in the second world war. Women entered previously all-male occupations: without their war effort, we might not have triumphed over nazism. | This photograph captures the joy of one of the most important moments of the 20th century – the victory over fascism in 1945. It also symbolises the huge strides made for gender equality in the second world war. Women entered previously all-male occupations: without their war effort, we might not have triumphed over nazism. |
| The second world war was Britain at its best. It was the “people’s war”, where ordinary citizens showed courage and sacrifice beyond our modern imaginations. It proved that state intervention and a socialised economy can work. | The second world war was Britain at its best. It was the “people’s war”, where ordinary citizens showed courage and sacrifice beyond our modern imaginations. It proved that state intervention and a socialised economy can work. |
| Privilege and profiteering were deemed shameful. The common good came first. People of all classes, races and nations united to defend Britain against the Nazis. We welcomed refugees and allied with subjugated Europeans. The need for a fairer, more equal society was the social consensus. | Privilege and profiteering were deemed shameful. The common good came first. People of all classes, races and nations united to defend Britain against the Nazis. We welcomed refugees and allied with subjugated Europeans. The need for a fairer, more equal society was the social consensus. |
| The wartime Common Wealth party was the equivalent of the anti-Tory alliance we need today: it united socialists, liberals and independents. Well to the left of Jeremy Corbyn, it made radical policies popular and won wartime byelections. | The wartime Common Wealth party was the equivalent of the anti-Tory alliance we need today: it united socialists, liberals and independents. Well to the left of Jeremy Corbyn, it made radical policies popular and won wartime byelections. |
| Social justice had mass appeal in the second world war. The people demanded, and later achieved, public ownership of major industries and the creation of the NHS and social security. They won social justice in 1945. Why can’t we win it now? | Social justice had mass appeal in the second world war. The people demanded, and later achieved, public ownership of major industries and the creation of the NHS and social security. They won social justice in 1945. Why can’t we win it now? |
| Donald Trump and Nigel Farage, 12 November 2016 | Donald Trump and Nigel Farage, 12 November 2016 |
| Irvine Welsh, author | Irvine Welsh, author |
| This picture of Donald Trump and Nigel Farage says so much about our new era of politics: an American millionaire’s tax-dodging son and an English investment banker celebrate the realisation of their dreams. The American gets to run the world. The Englishman gets nothing but the sad satisfaction of playing court jester to the American, in this new world order he has undeniably helped bring about. The dispirited and beaten former aristocrats of labour in the post-industrial American and UK wastelands, their unions smashed, their wages lowered, crushed by 30 years of neoliberalism, get two wealthy men posing outside a gold lift. And the powerful one has a team scheming 24/7 about how to reduce them to further penury and serfdom. The Thatcher-Reagan era was the ascendancy of the 1%. This picture represents the official coronation of the new toytown emperors and their hapless puppets, and the rubber-stamping of medieval, authoritarian politics in a hi-tech world. | This picture of Donald Trump and Nigel Farage says so much about our new era of politics: an American millionaire’s tax-dodging son and an English investment banker celebrate the realisation of their dreams. The American gets to run the world. The Englishman gets nothing but the sad satisfaction of playing court jester to the American, in this new world order he has undeniably helped bring about. The dispirited and beaten former aristocrats of labour in the post-industrial American and UK wastelands, their unions smashed, their wages lowered, crushed by 30 years of neoliberalism, get two wealthy men posing outside a gold lift. And the powerful one has a team scheming 24/7 about how to reduce them to further penury and serfdom. The Thatcher-Reagan era was the ascendancy of the 1%. This picture represents the official coronation of the new toytown emperors and their hapless puppets, and the rubber-stamping of medieval, authoritarian politics in a hi-tech world. |
| Northumbrian coalminer and his wife, 1937 | Northumbrian coalminer and his wife, 1937 |
| Eamonn McCabe, photographer | Eamonn McCabe, photographer |
| In 1937, German-born Bill Brandt travelled to the north of England where he would be the first to combine styles from art and photojournalism. As a foreigner, he brought a dispassionate, outsider’s perspective, claiming that he wasn’t making a political point, but his pictures have become the defining images of the Great Depression. | In 1937, German-born Bill Brandt travelled to the north of England where he would be the first to combine styles from art and photojournalism. As a foreigner, he brought a dispassionate, outsider’s perspective, claiming that he wasn’t making a political point, but his pictures have become the defining images of the Great Depression. |
| Brandt also wanted to bring his highly stylised approach to photograph uncompromising portraits of the people who lived and worked in these industrial communities – like this shot – Brandt’s most celebrated photograph from his northern journey – taken in 1937, of a Northumbrian miner eating his tea, watched over by his wife. | Brandt also wanted to bring his highly stylised approach to photograph uncompromising portraits of the people who lived and worked in these industrial communities – like this shot – Brandt’s most celebrated photograph from his northern journey – taken in 1937, of a Northumbrian miner eating his tea, watched over by his wife. |
| Although for me there is a sense that Brandt has carefully posed this picture, directing the characters and arranging the set, does this detract from the power of the image? Brandt’s northern work never made him money and was published only later. But what he had achieved with these pictures was an unprecedented coming together of styles to create a stark and vivid vision of Britain never seen before. | Although for me there is a sense that Brandt has carefully posed this picture, directing the characters and arranging the set, does this detract from the power of the image? Brandt’s northern work never made him money and was published only later. But what he had achieved with these pictures was an unprecedented coming together of styles to create a stark and vivid vision of Britain never seen before. |
| Brandt never stopped pushing the boundaries of his art and he is rightly considered one of the most important photographers to have worked in Britain. He would also go on to work on a groundbreaking new publication that photographed every aspect of British life. On 1 October 1938, the Picture Post was launched, a weekly magazine filled with photographs on every page, its mission statement to make a visual record of British people at home, at work and at play. | Brandt never stopped pushing the boundaries of his art and he is rightly considered one of the most important photographers to have worked in Britain. He would also go on to work on a groundbreaking new publication that photographed every aspect of British life. On 1 October 1938, the Picture Post was launched, a weekly magazine filled with photographs on every page, its mission statement to make a visual record of British people at home, at work and at play. |
| David Weir, Paralympic Games, 2012 | David Weir, Paralympic Games, 2012 |
| Photograph: Tom Jenkins for the Guardian | |
| Melanie C, singer | Melanie C, singer |
| This shot is incredible. David Weir – with his trademark howl – is on the track in his victory pose, arms spread wide and his competitors blurred in the background. We have celebrated Olympic athletes for a long time, but really the people who are achieving incredible things against the odds are our Paralympians, who for so long were overlooked. | This shot is incredible. David Weir – with his trademark howl – is on the track in his victory pose, arms spread wide and his competitors blurred in the background. We have celebrated Olympic athletes for a long time, but really the people who are achieving incredible things against the odds are our Paralympians, who for so long were overlooked. |
| When it came to people with disabilities, I used to feel uncertain about the etiquette, but the biggest thing that we gained from 2012’s Paralympics was the way it changed attitudes in general. It was a really special time and it shifted people’s perspectives for ever. Weir retained titles. He won the marathon. He won four golds in 2012. | When it came to people with disabilities, I used to feel uncertain about the etiquette, but the biggest thing that we gained from 2012’s Paralympics was the way it changed attitudes in general. It was a really special time and it shifted people’s perspectives for ever. Weir retained titles. He won the marathon. He won four golds in 2012. |
| Britain has a reputation for being a bit negative, a bit pessimistic. But that summer we showed the world how to do it. Everyone pulled together and it was a positive time to be in London. This image, along with so many others, reminds me of a year in which I felt very lucky to live in the capital. It was a wonderful time, and, for me, this image conveys so much power, strength, determination – everything that the Paralympics was. (As told to Harriet Gibsone) | Britain has a reputation for being a bit negative, a bit pessimistic. But that summer we showed the world how to do it. Everyone pulled together and it was a positive time to be in London. This image, along with so many others, reminds me of a year in which I felt very lucky to live in the capital. It was a wonderful time, and, for me, this image conveys so much power, strength, determination – everything that the Paralympics was. (As told to Harriet Gibsone) |
| Battle of Cable Street, 5 October 1936 | Battle of Cable Street, 5 October 1936 |
| Sadiq Khan, mayor of London | Sadiq Khan, mayor of London |
| More than 80 years ago – in October 1936 – thousands of brave and courageous men, women and children gathered to oppose fascism in what became known as the Battle of Cable Street. | More than 80 years ago – in October 1936 – thousands of brave and courageous men, women and children gathered to oppose fascism in what became known as the Battle of Cable Street. |
| That day, Mosley’s fascists were forced into a humiliating retreat – something achieved only through the power of people and communities coming together. A coalition was formed of Jewish East Enders, Irish dockworkers, trade unionists, Labour party members and many more coming together in solidarity to reject fascism and everything associated with it. | That day, Mosley’s fascists were forced into a humiliating retreat – something achieved only through the power of people and communities coming together. A coalition was formed of Jewish East Enders, Irish dockworkers, trade unionists, Labour party members and many more coming together in solidarity to reject fascism and everything associated with it. |
| This was a historic turning point, a victory that had lasting repercussions because it showed that fascism could be resisted through communities uniting – something that should continue to inspire us. | This was a historic turning point, a victory that had lasting repercussions because it showed that fascism could be resisted through communities uniting – something that should continue to inspire us. |
| Last October, the 80th anniversary of Cable Street, I was proud to join another coalition of politicians, the Jewish community, trade unions, anti-racist organisations, Bangladeshi associations and many others, not only to honour and remember the brave people who fought against fascism in 1936, but to show our commitment and resolve to continue that fight. To say: when we see things that are divisive, go against our British values and are just fundamentally wrong, we must call them out; we’ll never let fascism, racism or prejudice prevail. These are values that ring true in London, more than anywhere in the world. | Last October, the 80th anniversary of Cable Street, I was proud to join another coalition of politicians, the Jewish community, trade unions, anti-racist organisations, Bangladeshi associations and many others, not only to honour and remember the brave people who fought against fascism in 1936, but to show our commitment and resolve to continue that fight. To say: when we see things that are divisive, go against our British values and are just fundamentally wrong, we must call them out; we’ll never let fascism, racism or prejudice prevail. These are values that ring true in London, more than anywhere in the world. |
| Women’s March, London, 21 January 2017 | Women’s March, London, 21 January 2017 |
| Photograph: Dan Kitwood/Getty Images | |
| Kate Nash, singer | Kate Nash, singer |
| What’s so cool about this picture is that you have an iconic British statue alongside a message on gender equality. There were a loads of signs at the women’s march in London – it’s become really popular to get creative with them. | What’s so cool about this picture is that you have an iconic British statue alongside a message on gender equality. There were a loads of signs at the women’s march in London – it’s become really popular to get creative with them. |
| There has been a tendency within history in general for women to be small, to cross their legs and brush their hair. Even in the music industry, men have tried to quieten me down and package me differently. Now women want to express themselves and be a part of things. It’s about coming together to stand up for causes we believe in, and being intersectional in our feminism. This placard has such a powerful message – it’s unapologetic, it’s fierce. It’s not going to be tamed by anybody. Nobody’s going to tell a lion to shut up – they’d be eaten! | There has been a tendency within history in general for women to be small, to cross their legs and brush their hair. Even in the music industry, men have tried to quieten me down and package me differently. Now women want to express themselves and be a part of things. It’s about coming together to stand up for causes we believe in, and being intersectional in our feminism. This placard has such a powerful message – it’s unapologetic, it’s fierce. It’s not going to be tamed by anybody. Nobody’s going to tell a lion to shut up – they’d be eaten! |
| It looks as if someone has left this placard there at the end of the march. It is a piece of art – it keeps on telling a story even when you’ve got on the Tube and gone home. (As told to Leah Harper) | It looks as if someone has left this placard there at the end of the march. It is a piece of art – it keeps on telling a story even when you’ve got on the Tube and gone home. (As told to Leah Harper) |
| A Line Made By Walking, 1967 | A Line Made By Walking, 1967 |
| Nadav Kander, photographer | Nadav Kander, photographer |
| I could really imagine having this photograph in my home and it meaning different things to me at different moments in my life. It’s a picture that’s so mature. Before you understand what it depicts, it’s such a nourishing, simple image. Then, when you read that this was a line that Richard Long created himself, by walking up and down, up and down – there’s something so metaphorical and subtle about it. | I could really imagine having this photograph in my home and it meaning different things to me at different moments in my life. It’s a picture that’s so mature. Before you understand what it depicts, it’s such a nourishing, simple image. Then, when you read that this was a line that Richard Long created himself, by walking up and down, up and down – there’s something so metaphorical and subtle about it. |
| I love photography in which the artist can be seen in the image. Long has recorded his own pressure on the planet and the way he inhabits his surroundings with this photograph. That act of making art is beautiful to me; it always makes me incredibly happy. | I love photography in which the artist can be seen in the image. Long has recorded his own pressure on the planet and the way he inhabits his surroundings with this photograph. That act of making art is beautiful to me; it always makes me incredibly happy. |
| I first saw this image when I was a photographer’s assistant in the West End of London. I used to visit Adrian Ensor, the printer in Fitzrovia who used to print Richard’s work. For me, this image is like a Matisse drawing of a face, where the charcoal hasn’t been lifted from the paper and yet you feel as if you might know the girl depicted. It’s that kind of delicacy and prowess that I love. | I first saw this image when I was a photographer’s assistant in the West End of London. I used to visit Adrian Ensor, the printer in Fitzrovia who used to print Richard’s work. For me, this image is like a Matisse drawing of a face, where the charcoal hasn’t been lifted from the paper and yet you feel as if you might know the girl depicted. It’s that kind of delicacy and prowess that I love. |
| Sometimes, when an artist intervenes in their art, I find it incredibly heavy-handed – it’s so obvious, like an interior design magazine. But with Long’s work is featherlight and nuanced. The person behind the image always interests me as much as the picture itself and I like to see their fingerprint in their work. (As told to Leah Harper) | Sometimes, when an artist intervenes in their art, I find it incredibly heavy-handed – it’s so obvious, like an interior design magazine. But with Long’s work is featherlight and nuanced. The person behind the image always interests me as much as the picture itself and I like to see their fingerprint in their work. (As told to Leah Harper) |
| David Cameron, June 2015 | David Cameron, June 2015 |
| Photograph: Wiktor Dabkowski/Eyevine | |
| Jeanette Winterson, author | Jeanette Winterson, author |
| This photograph – though taken in 2015 – was on the front cover of the Financial Times immediately after Brexit. There’s David Cameron, the legalised gambler, betting Britain on the roulette wheel, confident the ball would spin quietly back to black. Instead, the economic austerity measures that drove the UK deeper and deeper into the red made certain that the gamble itself would end on red. Red alert. Red faces. The reptilian brain of the Tory party delighted they had been allowed to bet the country on a deluded dream of an island empire. And those cheap frauds, Michael Gove, Boris Johnson and Nigel Farage, thrilling to an outcome that would work in the service of their personal ambition. | This photograph – though taken in 2015 – was on the front cover of the Financial Times immediately after Brexit. There’s David Cameron, the legalised gambler, betting Britain on the roulette wheel, confident the ball would spin quietly back to black. Instead, the economic austerity measures that drove the UK deeper and deeper into the red made certain that the gamble itself would end on red. Red alert. Red faces. The reptilian brain of the Tory party delighted they had been allowed to bet the country on a deluded dream of an island empire. And those cheap frauds, Michael Gove, Boris Johnson and Nigel Farage, thrilling to an outcome that would work in the service of their personal ambition. |
| That sickening night, as the roulette wheel slowed, the count was in, and the UK was out of Europe. Cameron and George Osborne never believed it could happen. Arrogant posh boys out of touch with the miseries their policies had wrought. No plan for what would happen next. Cameron resigned. I suppose he thought that was noble. He should have been forced to clean up his own mess. Not walk away to make millions. | That sickening night, as the roulette wheel slowed, the count was in, and the UK was out of Europe. Cameron and George Osborne never believed it could happen. Arrogant posh boys out of touch with the miseries their policies had wrought. No plan for what would happen next. Cameron resigned. I suppose he thought that was noble. He should have been forced to clean up his own mess. Not walk away to make millions. |
| But he hadn’t lost his money, or his home, or his future. He saved that for the little people. The people his government had been gambling with all along. Suddenly there was a chance for the little people to spin the wheel. No one told them that once again they could only lose. | But he hadn’t lost his money, or his home, or his future. He saved that for the little people. The people his government had been gambling with all along. Suddenly there was a chance for the little people to spin the wheel. No one told them that once again they could only lose. |
| • The final episode of Britain in Focus: A Photographic History is on BBC4 on Monday 20 March at 9pm. An accompanying exhibition at the National Media Museum in Bradford opens on Friday | • The final episode of Britain in Focus: A Photographic History is on BBC4 on Monday 20 March at 9pm. An accompanying exhibition at the National Media Museum in Bradford opens on Friday |
| This article was amended on 15 March 2017 to clarify the date on which the photograph of David Cameron was taken. | This article was amended on 15 March 2017 to clarify the date on which the photograph of David Cameron was taken. |