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Sousse beach attack: Coroner condemns Tunisia police response | Sousse beach attack: Coroner condemns Tunisia police response |
(35 minutes later) | |
The police response to a terror attack at a Tunisian beach resort in which 30 Britons were killed was "at best shambolic and at worst cowardly", a coroner has concluded. | |
Judge Nicholas Loraine-Smith ruled all 30 were "unlawfully killed" when a gunman opened fire at a hotel in Sousse in June 2015, killing 38 in total. | |
He rejected a finding of neglect against the tour firms and the hotel. | |
The police response could and should have been effective, he added. | |
There were emotional scenes in the packed courtroom of London's Royal Courts of Justice as the coroner described how each of the victims came to their death, in alphabetical order. | |
Among the dead - aged between 19 and 80 - were three generations from one family - a young man, his uncle and his grandfather. | |
What exactly happened on the day? | What exactly happened on the day? |
Tunisia attack: 'He sacrificed himself' | Tunisia attack: 'He sacrificed himself' |
One survivor's recurring nightmare | One survivor's recurring nightmare |
Who were the victims? | Who were the victims? |
Families had wanted the coroner to consider whether neglect by holiday firm TUI or the hotel owners was a factor in their relatives' deaths. | Families had wanted the coroner to consider whether neglect by holiday firm TUI or the hotel owners was a factor in their relatives' deaths. |
But he told them he could not because the law regarding neglect did not cover tourists on holiday. | But he told them he could not because the law regarding neglect did not cover tourists on holiday. |
It only applied in cases where someone had a duty of care towards someone because of their youth, age, an illness or incarceration - not tourists who voluntarily agreed to go on holiday abroad, he said. | It only applied in cases where someone had a duty of care towards someone because of their youth, age, an illness or incarceration - not tourists who voluntarily agreed to go on holiday abroad, he said. |
He added that he has not found a direct and causal link between the response of armed officers in the area and the deaths. | |
He said there were a lot of "what ifs" around the case, and better hotel security may simply have meant more people died on the beach. | He said there were a lot of "what ifs" around the case, and better hotel security may simply have meant more people died on the beach. |
The only factor that might have made a difference was if the hotel guards had been armed, he added. | The only factor that might have made a difference was if the hotel guards had been armed, he added. |
"Having reviewed the legal advice on gun law in Tunisia, it's clear this was not a realistic option," he said. | "Having reviewed the legal advice on gun law in Tunisia, it's clear this was not a realistic option," he said. |
"The simple but tragic truth in this case is that a gunman armed with a gun and grenades went to that hotel intending to kill as many tourists as he could." | |
It is understood that families of 22 of the Britons killed plan to take travel company TUI to a civil court in a bid to get compensation for personal injury and deaths. | It is understood that families of 22 of the Britons killed plan to take travel company TUI to a civil court in a bid to get compensation for personal injury and deaths. |
The company maintained it was "wholly erroneous" to claim it had been neglectful and there was insufficient evidence of any gross failure. | The company maintained it was "wholly erroneous" to claim it had been neglectful and there was insufficient evidence of any gross failure. |
In summing up at the end of a six-week hearing, the judge said holidaymakers had been "reassured" about safety before booking. | In summing up at the end of a six-week hearing, the judge said holidaymakers had been "reassured" about safety before booking. |
One man said his wife had raised the March 2015 attack at the Bardo Museum in the capital Tunis with a travel agent, who told her it had been a "one-off" and the place was "100% safe". | One man said his wife had raised the March 2015 attack at the Bardo Museum in the capital Tunis with a travel agent, who told her it had been a "one-off" and the place was "100% safe". |
A Thomson travel agent said she would not say somewhere was completely safe, the inquest heard. | A Thomson travel agent said she would not say somewhere was completely safe, the inquest heard. |
'Unforgivable' | 'Unforgivable' |
The attack at the five-star Riu Imperial Marhaba hotel was the deadliest on Britons since the 7 July 2005 London bombings. | The attack at the five-star Riu Imperial Marhaba hotel was the deadliest on Britons since the 7 July 2005 London bombings. |
The Islamist gunman, Seifeddine Rezgui, was shot dead by police after his hour-long killing spree. | |
Survivor Allen Pembroke told the BBC how he found people lying in pools of blood among sun loungers close to the water's edge. | Survivor Allen Pembroke told the BBC how he found people lying in pools of blood among sun loungers close to the water's edge. |
He gave first aid to British holidaymaker Cheryl Mellor, who was still alive after being shot in the leg and arm, but drifting in and out of consciousness. | He gave first aid to British holidaymaker Cheryl Mellor, who was still alive after being shot in the leg and arm, but drifting in and out of consciousness. |
He said he was alone on the beach for 20 minutes checking on the dead and injured, with no help from anyone else. | He said he was alone on the beach for 20 minutes checking on the dead and injured, with no help from anyone else. |
"I saw no military or medical staff and it's only in recent reports that I found out that the police waited, they fainted, they hid. | "I saw no military or medical staff and it's only in recent reports that I found out that the police waited, they fainted, they hid. |
"That's unforgivable, they need to be accountable for that," he said. | "That's unforgivable, they need to be accountable for that," he said. |
The Tunisian ambassador to the UK, Nabil Ammar, said his country had been unprepared for such an attack and it was unfair to blame police. | The Tunisian ambassador to the UK, Nabil Ammar, said his country had been unprepared for such an attack and it was unfair to blame police. |
"How can you imagine that police deliberately wanted people to die?" he asked BBC Radio 4's Today programme. | "How can you imagine that police deliberately wanted people to die?" he asked BBC Radio 4's Today programme. |
Since the attack, he said security in the country and in hotels had improved, and Tunisia was now considered as safe a destination as London. | Since the attack, he said security in the country and in hotels had improved, and Tunisia was now considered as safe a destination as London. |
Tunisia should, he added, be shown the same solidarity shown to other countries which have experienced similar attacks. | Tunisia should, he added, be shown the same solidarity shown to other countries which have experienced similar attacks. |
Andrew Ritchie, who is representing 20 victims' families, told the inquest they believed TUI's "utter complacency" amounted to neglect. | Andrew Ritchie, who is representing 20 victims' families, told the inquest they believed TUI's "utter complacency" amounted to neglect. |
He said the guards at the Riu Imperial Marhaba had not been an effective deterrent and the lack of CCTV had made it a target. | He said the guards at the Riu Imperial Marhaba had not been an effective deterrent and the lack of CCTV had made it a target. |
But Howard Stevens, counsel for TUI, said even if there had been additional CCTV cameras or guards it "cannot be said that any of these measures would probably have made a difference". | But Howard Stevens, counsel for TUI, said even if there had been additional CCTV cameras or guards it "cannot be said that any of these measures would probably have made a difference". |
The Foreign Office says further attacks are highly likely in Tunisia, including against foreigners, and advises against all but essential travel. | The Foreign Office says further attacks are highly likely in Tunisia, including against foreigners, and advises against all but essential travel. |
Questions from the inquest | Questions from the inquest |
By Richard Galpin, BBC News correspondent | By Richard Galpin, BBC News correspondent |