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| British suicide bomber: UK security services 'guilty of failings' | British suicide bomber: UK security services 'guilty of failings' |
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| British authorities must accept some responsibility for failing to sufficiently monitor Jamal al-Harith, the Manchester-born jihadi who blew himself up in Iraq, before he left the UK to join Islamic State, a former government counter-terror strategist has said. | British authorities must accept some responsibility for failing to sufficiently monitor Jamal al-Harith, the Manchester-born jihadi who blew himself up in Iraq, before he left the UK to join Islamic State, a former government counter-terror strategist has said. |
| Ronald Fiddler, 50, who changed his name to Jamal al-Harith after converting to Islam in his 20s, but most recently went by the nom de guerre Abu-Zakariya al-Britani, is said by Islamic State to have carried out the suicide attack on coalition forces near Mosul on Monday. | |
| Fiddler, a British former Guantánamo Bay detainee, was reportedly paid £1m in compensation by the UK government after his release in 2004 from the US-operated military prison. In 2014, 10 years after he returned to the UK, he left for Syria to join Isis. | Fiddler, a British former Guantánamo Bay detainee, was reportedly paid £1m in compensation by the UK government after his release in 2004 from the US-operated military prison. In 2014, 10 years after he returned to the UK, he left for Syria to join Isis. |
| Speaking on the BBC Radio 4’s Today programme, Arthur Snell, the former head of the Prevent programme, the UK government counter-terrorism strategy, said it was clear there was a problem with Fiddler that was not adequately dealt with. | Speaking on the BBC Radio 4’s Today programme, Arthur Snell, the former head of the Prevent programme, the UK government counter-terrorism strategy, said it was clear there was a problem with Fiddler that was not adequately dealt with. |
| “It’s obvious that collectively the authorities – and obviously I have some personal responsibility there – we failed to be aware of what Fiddler was up to,” he said. | “It’s obvious that collectively the authorities – and obviously I have some personal responsibility there – we failed to be aware of what Fiddler was up to,” he said. |
| “At any given time there are a whole range of monitoring activities going on, whether it’s close surveillance of someone who’s believed to be undertaking preparation for an attack all the way to a much softer set of systems known as the Channel programme, which is supposed to get people who are at risk and find them the appropriate services. | “At any given time there are a whole range of monitoring activities going on, whether it’s close surveillance of someone who’s believed to be undertaking preparation for an attack all the way to a much softer set of systems known as the Channel programme, which is supposed to get people who are at risk and find them the appropriate services. |
| “More often, the services are in the mental health space rather than law enforcement. It’s impossible to say what was happening in that 10-year period but what is very clear is that there was a problem and it wasn’t adequately dealt with. | “More often, the services are in the mental health space rather than law enforcement. It’s impossible to say what was happening in that 10-year period but what is very clear is that there was a problem and it wasn’t adequately dealt with. |
| “Clearly there was a high-profile figure, there was no mystery about this man, he was someone known to the authorities.” | “Clearly there was a high-profile figure, there was no mystery about this man, he was someone known to the authorities.” |
| Fiddler was taken to Guantánamo after being found in a prison in Afghanistan early in 2002, where he had been placed after being intercepted by the Taliban, who believed him to be a British spy. According to his sister, Maxine Fiddler, he initially believed the Americans to be his “saviours”. | |
| However, they imprisoned him after coming to the conclusion that he had tried to join the Islamic fundamentalist group. He was finally released in 2004 after lobbying by the then home secretary David Blunkett, who said that none of the people whose release from Guantánamo he had secured “will actually be a threat to the security of the British people”. | However, they imprisoned him after coming to the conclusion that he had tried to join the Islamic fundamentalist group. He was finally released in 2004 after lobbying by the then home secretary David Blunkett, who said that none of the people whose release from Guantánamo he had secured “will actually be a threat to the security of the British people”. |
| Fiddler was reportedly awarded compensation after claiming that British agents knew he was being mistreated during the time he was held without charge at Guantánamo. | Fiddler was reportedly awarded compensation after claiming that British agents knew he was being mistreated during the time he was held without charge at Guantánamo. |
| Lord Carlile, the former independent reviewer of terrorism legislation, told the Today programme he believed Fiddler was paid off to avoid disclosing sensitive national security material in court. | Lord Carlile, the former independent reviewer of terrorism legislation, told the Today programme he believed Fiddler was paid off to avoid disclosing sensitive national security material in court. |
| “It should have never been paid on the merits,” he said. “There was absolutely no merit in paying him a penny because plainly he was a terrorist and he was a potentially dangerous terrorist. | “It should have never been paid on the merits,” he said. “There was absolutely no merit in paying him a penny because plainly he was a terrorist and he was a potentially dangerous terrorist. |
| “The issue was the legal disclosure rules. If somebody brings a civil action for damages then they are entitled to disclosure, some of which may be national security material. In my view, the UK government and its legal advisers were absolutely right not to disclose to an enemy of the state clear national security material. But there is an issue as to why the UK paid money but not the US, which has much stricter rules about the disclosure of national security materials.” | “The issue was the legal disclosure rules. If somebody brings a civil action for damages then they are entitled to disclosure, some of which may be national security material. In my view, the UK government and its legal advisers were absolutely right not to disclose to an enemy of the state clear national security material. But there is an issue as to why the UK paid money but not the US, which has much stricter rules about the disclosure of national security materials.” |
| Fiddler’s Guantánamo file shows he was taken to the camp because he was “expected to have knowledge of Taliban treatment of prisoners and interrogation tactics”. | |
| His release was recommended by Guantánamo’s commandant in 2002 “on the assessment that the detainee was not affiliated with al-Qaida or a Taliban leader”. But he was kept in captivity because it was decided he had been involved in a terrorist attack against the US, despite the fact he had not been questioned about such an attack. | His release was recommended by Guantánamo’s commandant in 2002 “on the assessment that the detainee was not affiliated with al-Qaida or a Taliban leader”. But he was kept in captivity because it was decided he had been involved in a terrorist attack against the US, despite the fact he had not been questioned about such an attack. |
| It was also noted that his “timeline has not been fully established” and that British diplomats who had dealt with him after his release in Pakistan thought he was “cocky and evasive”. | It was also noted that his “timeline has not been fully established” and that British diplomats who had dealt with him after his release in Pakistan thought he was “cocky and evasive”. |
| A decade after his release, and despite his high profile, Fiddler was able to travel to Syria, one of about 850 individuals of national security concern who have travelled to join the conflict, according to figures published by the government last year. Of those, a little less than half have returned to the UK and about 15% are dead. | A decade after his release, and despite his high profile, Fiddler was able to travel to Syria, one of about 850 individuals of national security concern who have travelled to join the conflict, according to figures published by the government last year. Of those, a little less than half have returned to the UK and about 15% are dead. |
| Fiddler’s wife told Channel 4 News the following year that she had pursued him to Syria with her children in a failed attempt to persuade him to come home. | Fiddler’s wife told Channel 4 News the following year that she had pursued him to Syria with her children in a failed attempt to persuade him to come home. |
| The Foreign and Commonwealth Office said: “The UK has advised for some time against all travel to Syria, and against all travel to large parts of Iraq. As all UK consular services are suspended in Syria and greatly limited in Iraq, it is extremely difficult to confirm the whereabouts and status of British nationals in these areas.” | The Foreign and Commonwealth Office said: “The UK has advised for some time against all travel to Syria, and against all travel to large parts of Iraq. As all UK consular services are suspended in Syria and greatly limited in Iraq, it is extremely difficult to confirm the whereabouts and status of British nationals in these areas.” |
| Timeline: Jamal al-Harith | Timeline: Jamal al-Harith |
| 1966 – born Ronald Fiddler in Manchester, England, to parents who had migrated from Jamaica. | |
| circa 1994 – converts to Islam and officially changes his name to Jamal Udeen al-Harith. | |
| Al-Harith travels to Pakistan, reportedly for a backpacking trip. While there, he pays a truck driver to take him to Iran. At the Afghan border, Taliban guards, seeing his British passport, arrest him on suspicion of being a British spy. | Al-Harith travels to Pakistan, reportedly for a backpacking trip. While there, he pays a truck driver to take him to Iran. At the Afghan border, Taliban guards, seeing his British passport, arrest him on suspicion of being a British spy. |
| American troops discover al-Harith in a Taliban jail in Kandahar and release him. The Red Cross is in the process of making arrangements for his return to Britain when the Americans become suspicious about the purpose of his travels. He is arrested as a suspected enemy combatant and transported to Guantanamo Bay. | American troops discover al-Harith in a Taliban jail in Kandahar and release him. The Red Cross is in the process of making arrangements for his return to Britain when the Americans become suspicious about the purpose of his travels. He is arrested as a suspected enemy combatant and transported to Guantanamo Bay. |
| 2004, March – Al-Harith is among five British citizens to be released and repatriated to the UK. The next day, all are released by British authorities without charges. | |
| Al-Harith, with three other British former Guantánamo Bay detainees, sues then US secretary of defence Donald Rumsfeld claiming he and the others were subjected to illegal interrogation tactics, including torture and religious abuse. | Al-Harith, with three other British former Guantánamo Bay detainees, sues then US secretary of defence Donald Rumsfeld claiming he and the others were subjected to illegal interrogation tactics, including torture and religious abuse. |
| 2009 – After going through several several levels of hearings, the US supreme court declines to accept the case for hearing on appeal. | |
| 2014 – Al-Harith travels to Syria to join Isis. | |
| 2015 – His wife, with their five children, joins him for some months in 2015 before fleeing from the Isis-controlled territory. She tells reporters she left to persuade him to return. | |
| 2017, February – according to reports, al-Harith is killed when he carries out a suicide car bombing at an Iraqi army base south-west of Mosul. |