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| Nato must do more to counter Russia's cyber-weaponry, says Fallon | Nato must do more to counter Russia's cyber-weaponry, says Fallon |
| (35 minutes later) | |
| Nato must begin to compete on the cyber-battlefield to counter Russian hacking aimed at undermining democracy in the US and western Europe, the British defence secretary, Sir Michael Fallon, has said. | Nato must begin to compete on the cyber-battlefield to counter Russian hacking aimed at undermining democracy in the US and western Europe, the British defence secretary, Sir Michael Fallon, has said. |
| In his most hard-hitting comments yet about Russia, he accused it of targeting the US, France, Germany, Holland, Bulgaria and Montenegro, which is due to become a full Nato member this year. | In his most hard-hitting comments yet about Russia, he accused it of targeting the US, France, Germany, Holland, Bulgaria and Montenegro, which is due to become a full Nato member this year. |
| Fallon blamed Russia for helping create the age of fake information. “Today we see a country that, in weaponising misinformation, has created what we might now see as the post-truth age. Part of that is the use of cyber-weaponry to disrupt critical infrastructure and disable democratic machinery,” he said. | Fallon blamed Russia for helping create the age of fake information. “Today we see a country that, in weaponising misinformation, has created what we might now see as the post-truth age. Part of that is the use of cyber-weaponry to disrupt critical infrastructure and disable democratic machinery,” he said. |
| His anti-Russian rhetoric contrasts with that of the US president, Donald Trump, who, in a shift from his predecessor, Barack Obama, appears to be moving towards rapprochement with Moscow and has described Nato as obsolete. | |
| Fallon, in a speech at St Andrews University, one of the main centres for Russian studies in the UK, tried to square Trump’s seemingly contradictory remarks. “President Trump has spoken about the need for engagement with Russia. He’s right. Great nations like the US and Russia will talk. Indeed, they must talk to preserve the rules-based information system underpinning our security and prosperity. The UK too needs to engage with Russia, including military to military. | Fallon, in a speech at St Andrews University, one of the main centres for Russian studies in the UK, tried to square Trump’s seemingly contradictory remarks. “President Trump has spoken about the need for engagement with Russia. He’s right. Great nations like the US and Russia will talk. Indeed, they must talk to preserve the rules-based information system underpinning our security and prosperity. The UK too needs to engage with Russia, including military to military. |
| “Yet president Trump is a realist. He knows engagement is an equation of risk versus reward, with the outcome decided by a nation’s deeds, not its words.” | “Yet president Trump is a realist. He knows engagement is an equation of risk versus reward, with the outcome decided by a nation’s deeds, not its words.” |
| In another attempt to square Trump’s apparently conflicting views, Fallon insisted Trump was “100 per cent backing Nato”, as the prime minister, Theresa May, said after meeting him in Washington, and that the president’s grievance was over the failure of most Nato members to contribute a higher share towards defence costs. | |
| The chairman of the Commons defence committee, Conservative MP Julian Lewis, in a speech a fortnight ago was less sanguine than Fallon and described Trump’s comments that the US might abandon Nato as “radical and reckless”. | The chairman of the Commons defence committee, Conservative MP Julian Lewis, in a speech a fortnight ago was less sanguine than Fallon and described Trump’s comments that the US might abandon Nato as “radical and reckless”. |
| Fallon said there had been a significant step-change by Russia last year that brought an increase in cyber-attacks. He said: “Russia is clearly testing Nato and the west. It is seeking to expand its sphere of influence, destabilise countries, and weaken the alliance. It is undermining national security for many allies and the international rules-based system. | Fallon said there had been a significant step-change by Russia last year that brought an increase in cyber-attacks. He said: “Russia is clearly testing Nato and the west. It is seeking to expand its sphere of influence, destabilise countries, and weaken the alliance. It is undermining national security for many allies and the international rules-based system. |
| “Therefore, it is in our interest and Europe’s to keep Nato strong and to deter and dissuade Russia from this course.” | “Therefore, it is in our interest and Europe’s to keep Nato strong and to deter and dissuade Russia from this course.” |
| Although Fallon used his speech to portray the Kremlin as the aggressor in terms of hacking, America’s National Security Agency and the UK’s GCHQ both are actively engaged in hacking targets in Russia on a regular basis. | Although Fallon used his speech to portray the Kremlin as the aggressor in terms of hacking, America’s National Security Agency and the UK’s GCHQ both are actively engaged in hacking targets in Russia on a regular basis. |
| Fallon also accused the Russian government of routinely lying. “There is a special Russian word for this. Not maskirovka, the old deception perpetrated by its intelligence agencies, but vranyo, where the listener knows the speaker is lying and the speaker knows the listener knows he is lying but keeps lying anyway.” | |
| In spite of Fallon’s claim that Trump is 100% behind Nato, there is no such certainty among senior officials at the UK Ministry of Defence and among their counterparts elsewhere around Europe. They are waiting for the first visit to Europe by the new US defence secretary, James Mattis, to Europe in a fortnight to both the Nato headquarters and the Munich security council in the hope of clarification. | In spite of Fallon’s claim that Trump is 100% behind Nato, there is no such certainty among senior officials at the UK Ministry of Defence and among their counterparts elsewhere around Europe. They are waiting for the first visit to Europe by the new US defence secretary, James Mattis, to Europe in a fortnight to both the Nato headquarters and the Munich security council in the hope of clarification. |
| Previous US presidents and defence secretaries have repeatedly called on Nato members to raise defence spending to at least 2% of GDP but, unlike Trump, they have always combined it with assurances that Nato forms the bedrock of US and west European defence policy. | Previous US presidents and defence secretaries have repeatedly called on Nato members to raise defence spending to at least 2% of GDP but, unlike Trump, they have always combined it with assurances that Nato forms the bedrock of US and west European defence policy. |
| Fallon said that 19 of Nato’s 28 members do not even spend 1.5% on defence. Only five Nato members meet the 2% deadline, including the UK, though the UK only through creative accounting. | Fallon said that 19 of Nato’s 28 members do not even spend 1.5% on defence. Only five Nato members meet the 2% deadline, including the UK, though the UK only through creative accounting. |
| “So President Trump is right to challenge Nato to raise its game,” Fallon said. “That means not five but all members meeting the 2% commitment. It means supporting reform to make Nato more agile, resilient, and better configured to operate in the contemporary environment including against hybrid and cyber-attacks.” | |
| There were areas where the the west could and does co-operate with Russia, Fallon conceded. But he went on to say: “Above all, we must not accept as any kind of new normal Russia’s propaganda, whether overt or covert, its easy disregard for hard facts and numbers, or its blatant distortions and evasions.” | There were areas where the the west could and does co-operate with Russia, Fallon conceded. But he went on to say: “Above all, we must not accept as any kind of new normal Russia’s propaganda, whether overt or covert, its easy disregard for hard facts and numbers, or its blatant distortions and evasions.” |
| Fallon said Russia, having opted to become a strategic competitor to the west, could not expect business as usual. | Fallon said Russia, having opted to become a strategic competitor to the west, could not expect business as usual. |
| “Part of our response is for Nato and the west to do more to tackle the false reality promoted through Soviet-style misinformation. Whatever else we do on deterrence and dialogue, we must counter Putin’s Pravda with faster truth. ... We need to call out messengers such as RT [the Russia Today television channel].” | |
| As Fallon was preparing to deliver his speech, which also praised the imposition of sanctions on Russia by the US and Europe, the US Treasury announced in a statement it was adjusting sanctions imposed last year by Obama on the Russian intelligence agency the FSB. | As Fallon was preparing to deliver his speech, which also praised the imposition of sanctions on Russia by the US and Europe, the US Treasury announced in a statement it was adjusting sanctions imposed last year by Obama on the Russian intelligence agency the FSB. |
| The sanctions were imposed in response to US intelligence claims that the FSB was behind the hacking of the Democratic party to try to influence the US presidential election. The Treasury, in its statement, said it would allow US companies to deal with the FSB in importing information technology. | The sanctions were imposed in response to US intelligence claims that the FSB was behind the hacking of the Democratic party to try to influence the US presidential election. The Treasury, in its statement, said it would allow US companies to deal with the FSB in importing information technology. |