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Battle for Mosul: The story so far Battle for Mosul: The story so far
(about 4 hours later)
A long-awaited military offensive to reclaim the northern Iraqi city Mosul from so-called Islamic State (IS) is under way, forcing thousands of Iraqis to flee their homes.A long-awaited military offensive to reclaim the northern Iraqi city Mosul from so-called Islamic State (IS) is under way, forcing thousands of Iraqis to flee their homes.
About 50,000 Iraqi security forces, Kurdish Peshmerga fighters, Sunni Arab tribesmen and Shia militiamen, assisted by US-led coalition warplanes and military advisers, are involved in the operation, launched on 17 October, more than two years after jihadists overran the city before seizing control of much of northern and western Iraq.About 50,000 Iraqi security forces, Kurdish Peshmerga fighters, Sunni Arab tribesmen and Shia militiamen, assisted by US-led coalition warplanes and military advisers, are involved in the operation, launched on 17 October, more than two years after jihadists overran the city before seizing control of much of northern and western Iraq.
The operation is expected to take weeks, if not months. The latest reports from the frontline say government forces have entered the city's outskirts for the first time since the city was seized in June 2014.The operation is expected to take weeks, if not months. The latest reports from the frontline say government forces have entered the city's outskirts for the first time since the city was seized in June 2014.
Elite troops seized control of the state TV building in the eastern Kukjali area on Tuesday, but forces are facing fierce resistance.Elite troops seized control of the state TV building in the eastern Kukjali area on Tuesday, but forces are facing fierce resistance.
Army units are also pushing into the south-eastern Judaydat al-Mufti area, according to the military.Army units are also pushing into the south-eastern Judaydat al-Mufti area, according to the military.
Between 17 and 19 October, Iraqi army units moved towards Mosul from Qayyarah airbase, in the south, and the town of Kuwayr, in the south-east, and took back several villages. The Peshmerga also captured a string of villages near Khazer, to the east.Between 17 and 19 October, Iraqi army units moved towards Mosul from Qayyarah airbase, in the south, and the town of Kuwayr, in the south-east, and took back several villages. The Peshmerga also captured a string of villages near Khazer, to the east.
This was followed on by a large-scale operation to the east and north on 20 October.This was followed on by a large-scale operation to the east and north on 20 October.
The UN has meanwhile expressed concern for the safety of the estimated 1.5 million civilians living in the city.The UN has meanwhile expressed concern for the safety of the estimated 1.5 million civilians living in the city.
The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights has received reports of mass killings and forced relocations of civilians by IS militants.The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights has received reports of mass killings and forced relocations of civilians by IS militants.
The UN Assistance Mission for Iraq said 1,792 people were killed in October, 1,120 of whom were civilians.The UN Assistance Mission for Iraq said 1,792 people were killed in October, 1,120 of whom were civilians.
Up to 200,000 people were expected to flee Mosul in the first weeks of the offensive. Those inside report that they are already running out of basic supplies.Up to 200,000 people were expected to flee Mosul in the first weeks of the offensive. Those inside report that they are already running out of basic supplies.
Territory held around Mosul, 31 October Territory held around Mosul, 2 November
According to analysis by IHS Conflict Monitor, IS fighters have been losing territory since the offensive began.According to analysis by IHS Conflict Monitor, IS fighters have been losing territory since the offensive began.
In the first days of the offensive, troops steadily advanced along Highway 2, a key road to the east of Mosul, according to US geopolitical intelligence company Stratfor.In the first days of the offensive, troops steadily advanced along Highway 2, a key road to the east of Mosul, according to US geopolitical intelligence company Stratfor.
Satellite images released by Stratfor on 19 October, give an idea of what the advancing forces are facing.Satellite images released by Stratfor on 19 October, give an idea of what the advancing forces are facing.
Highway 2, east of MosulHighway 2, east of Mosul
Stratfor says the images show militants erected temporary barriers along Highway 2, which connects Mosul with the Kurdish city of Irbil, in an effort to prevent vehicles passing.Stratfor says the images show militants erected temporary barriers along Highway 2, which connects Mosul with the Kurdish city of Irbil, in an effort to prevent vehicles passing.
Some of the barriers appeared to be constructed from tyres. In certain locations, the tyres were set on fire to reduce visibility and impede air operations.Some of the barriers appeared to be constructed from tyres. In certain locations, the tyres were set on fire to reduce visibility and impede air operations.
Bartella, east of MosulBartella, east of Mosul
The images also showed how air and artillery strikes targeted buildings and IS defensive installations around the town of Bartella, which sits on Highway 2, before its recapture on 20 October.The images also showed how air and artillery strikes targeted buildings and IS defensive installations around the town of Bartella, which sits on Highway 2, before its recapture on 20 October.
Area close to Qaraqosh, south-east of MosulArea close to Qaraqosh, south-east of Mosul
According to Stratfor, the IS lines were being softened up in preparation for another thrust by Iraqi forces near Qaraqosh, also known as Baghdida or Hamdaniya, which was retaken on 22 October.According to Stratfor, the IS lines were being softened up in preparation for another thrust by Iraqi forces near Qaraqosh, also known as Baghdida or Hamdaniya, which was retaken on 22 October.
Defensive positions used by the jihadists, such raised banks of earth and trenches, were targeted to weaken the resolve of the fighters, Stratfor says.Defensive positions used by the jihadists, such raised banks of earth and trenches, were targeted to weaken the resolve of the fighters, Stratfor says.
Humanitarian crisisHumanitarian crisis
More than 20,000 people have so far fled their homes in and around Mosul - although the UN has said up to 700,000 may be forced to leave the city.More than 20,000 people have so far fled their homes in and around Mosul - although the UN has said up to 700,000 may be forced to leave the city.
Camps are being built in the south, east and north of Mosul in preparation for the flood of people leaving.Camps are being built in the south, east and north of Mosul in preparation for the flood of people leaving.
The UN's refugee agency (UNHCR) says it has already set up five camps, ready to receive up to 45,000 people. The precise locations of the camps are not being revealed for security reasons.The UN's refugee agency (UNHCR) says it has already set up five camps, ready to receive up to 45,000 people. The precise locations of the camps are not being revealed for security reasons.