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The haze is back across South East Asia | The haze is back across South East Asia |
(35 minutes later) | |
The haze is back across areas of South East Asia. | The haze is back across areas of South East Asia. |
The air pollution is caused by the burning of forests and peat land in Indonesia so it can be used for growing crops, mostly lucrative palm oil. | The air pollution is caused by the burning of forests and peat land in Indonesia so it can be used for growing crops, mostly lucrative palm oil. |
An annual feature of life in Indonesia's neighbouring countries, it has been blamed for deaths and illness. | An annual feature of life in Indonesia's neighbouring countries, it has been blamed for deaths and illness. |
Indonesia, which has declared a state of emergency in six provinces, has repeatedly said it is cracking down on the slash-and-burn activities. | Indonesia, which has declared a state of emergency in six provinces, has repeatedly said it is cracking down on the slash-and-burn activities. |
But the issue is a constant source of diplomatic tension, with Jakarta accused by Singapore and Malaysia of not doing enough to tackle it. | But the issue is a constant source of diplomatic tension, with Jakarta accused by Singapore and Malaysia of not doing enough to tackle it. |
Living in the haze: Anna Jones, BBC News, Singapore | Living in the haze: Anna Jones, BBC News, Singapore |
A mild smoky smell has been in the air here for a few days, but throughout Friday, the view from our office window grew worse and worse. | A mild smoky smell has been in the air here for a few days, but throughout Friday, the view from our office window grew worse and worse. |
Air pollution is officially measured in Singapore Pollutant Standards Index (PSI). Anything over 100 is considered unhealthy. Though the 24-hour average so far on Friday was only slightly over that, the three-hour reading at 14:00 local time was 215. | Air pollution is officially measured in Singapore Pollutant Standards Index (PSI). Anything over 100 is considered unhealthy. Though the 24-hour average so far on Friday was only slightly over that, the three-hour reading at 14:00 local time was 215. |
You can smell it inside buildings, it lingers in your hair and clothes and it makes your eyes itch. | You can smell it inside buildings, it lingers in your hair and clothes and it makes your eyes itch. |
There will no doubt be people cancelling their outdoor plans for the weekend and stocking up on face masks, but there's a way to go before Singapore hits the peak of last year's haze, one of the worst ever. | There will no doubt be people cancelling their outdoor plans for the weekend and stocking up on face masks, but there's a way to go before Singapore hits the peak of last year's haze, one of the worst ever. |
At times back then, the PSI reading was above 300. You could barely see the other side of the road and venturing out without a face mask was almost unthinkable. | |
What causes the haze? | What causes the haze? |
Every year Indonesia sees agricultural fires across Sumatra, and in parts of Kalimantan on Borneo island. About 100 "hotspots" were detected on Friday. | Every year Indonesia sees agricultural fires across Sumatra, and in parts of Kalimantan on Borneo island. About 100 "hotspots" were detected on Friday. |
The fires are said to be caused by corporations as well as small-scale farmers using slash-and-burn to clear vegetation for palm oil, pulp and paper plantations. | The fires are said to be caused by corporations as well as small-scale farmers using slash-and-burn to clear vegetation for palm oil, pulp and paper plantations. |
Once lit, the fires often spin out of control and spread into protected forested areas and peat. A peat fire is difficult to put out as it can burn underground for months, and requires a lot of water to extinguish. | Once lit, the fires often spin out of control and spread into protected forested areas and peat. A peat fire is difficult to put out as it can burn underground for months, and requires a lot of water to extinguish. |
How big a deal is it | How big a deal is it |
At its largest the annual haze measures hundreds of kilometres across. It spreads to Malaysia, Singapore, the south of Thailand and the Philippines, causing a significant deterioration in air quality. | At its largest the annual haze measures hundreds of kilometres across. It spreads to Malaysia, Singapore, the south of Thailand and the Philippines, causing a significant deterioration in air quality. |
The problem has accelerated in recent years as more land has been cleared for expanding plantations for the lucrative palm oil trade. | The problem has accelerated in recent years as more land has been cleared for expanding plantations for the lucrative palm oil trade. |
What is Indonesia doing? | What is Indonesia doing? |
Indonesia says it has arrested 450 people so far this year in connection with fires, including some linked to companies. | Indonesia says it has arrested 450 people so far this year in connection with fires, including some linked to companies. |
President Joko Widodo has ordered extra resourcing for monitoring and fire-fighting efforts, but told the BBC last year it would take at least three years for the results to be seen. | President Joko Widodo has ordered extra resourcing for monitoring and fire-fighting efforts, but told the BBC last year it would take at least three years for the results to be seen. |
Is it dangerous? | Is it dangerous? |
Besides irritating the respiratory tract and the eyes, the pollutants can cause serious long-term damage to health. | Besides irritating the respiratory tract and the eyes, the pollutants can cause serious long-term damage to health. |
The indices used to measure air quality in the region usually measure particulate matter (PM10), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone. | The indices used to measure air quality in the region usually measure particulate matter (PM10), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone. |
PM2.5 can enter deeper into the lungs. It has been associated with causing respiratory illnesses and lung damage. | PM2.5 can enter deeper into the lungs. It has been associated with causing respiratory illnesses and lung damage. |
As much as Singapore complains about poor air quality, in parts of Indonesia the haze can last for months and be deadly. | As much as Singapore complains about poor air quality, in parts of Indonesia the haze can last for months and be deadly. |
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