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Brexit: Europe stunned by UK Leave vote Brexit: Europe stunned by UK Leave vote
(35 minutes later)
A wave of shock is reverberating around Europe as countries across the EU and beyond digest the decision by UK voters to leave the European Union.A wave of shock is reverberating around Europe as countries across the EU and beyond digest the decision by UK voters to leave the European Union.
BBC correspondents across the continent report on the reaction and the likely effect the result will haveBBC correspondents across the continent report on the reaction and the likely effect the result will have
Biggest crisis yet for Brussels - by Chris MorrisBiggest crisis yet for Brussels - by Chris Morris
This represents the biggest setback in decades for those who support the idea of European unity.This represents the biggest setback in decades for those who support the idea of European unity.
The EU has been dealing with multiple crises in recent years - but this could, and probably will, dwarf them all.The EU has been dealing with multiple crises in recent years - but this could, and probably will, dwarf them all.
Veteran European politician Carl Bildt has already spoken of immediate turmoil and long-term uncertainty.Veteran European politician Carl Bildt has already spoken of immediate turmoil and long-term uncertainty.
David Cameron's fellow leaders will expect him to invoke Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty next week, triggering a divorce negotiation lasting at least two years - a vastly complicated legal and political process.David Cameron's fellow leaders will expect him to invoke Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty next week, triggering a divorce negotiation lasting at least two years - a vastly complicated legal and political process.
The rest of the EU will want to forge a good deal with the British government, but in many capitals there will be little appetite for doing the UK any favours. That's partly because Euroscepticism is on the rise across the continent, and influential political leaders will not want to give the impression that leaving is easy.The rest of the EU will want to forge a good deal with the British government, but in many capitals there will be little appetite for doing the UK any favours. That's partly because Euroscepticism is on the rise across the continent, and influential political leaders will not want to give the impression that leaving is easy.
Uncertainty in Dublin - by Shane Harrison
This is not the outcome that Ireland wanted.
The Irish government, which remained neutral in the Scottish independence referendum, actively encouraged Irish citizens in the UK to vote to remain in the EU.
The government will meet in emergency cabinet on Friday morning but has already said the result has "very significant implications".
With uncertainty over what happens next and how long the process of UK EU withdrawal will take, there will be concern in Dublin about the implications of the vote for the border with Northern Ireland, the impact of a weakening sterling and the effect on trade which is estimated at over €1bn between the two states every week.
In the course of the campaign Irish ministers disagreed with the Northern Ireland Secretary, Teresa Villiers, about whether the border would be "hard" or "soft" if the British decided to leave.
Dublin said some form of border control, whether on the border or at airports and ports, was likely to be re-introduced because the Republic is the only EU state to share a land border with the UK.
Nervous time for Greeks - by Richard Galpin in AthensNervous time for Greeks - by Richard Galpin in Athens
The Greek government had fervently wanted Britain to remain in the European Union, a desire shared by most of the population.The Greek government had fervently wanted Britain to remain in the European Union, a desire shared by most of the population.
So the result of the referendum is likely to come as a shock.So the result of the referendum is likely to come as a shock.
The main concern for Greece is that Brexit could end up damaging the fragile Greek economy.The main concern for Greece is that Brexit could end up damaging the fragile Greek economy.
And this is reviving fears, which peaked during the financial crisis a year ago, that a "Grexit" could be back on the agenda, with Greece ultimately being forced out of the eurozone and perhaps even the EU.And this is reviving fears, which peaked during the financial crisis a year ago, that a "Grexit" could be back on the agenda, with Greece ultimately being forced out of the eurozone and perhaps even the EU.
This is partly based on what is already happening to the UK pound, which has fallen in value against the euro and the US dollar this morning.This is partly based on what is already happening to the UK pound, which has fallen in value against the euro and the US dollar this morning.
If this turns out to be a long-term phenomenon then the vital tourism industry in Greece could be hit as British holidaymakers, who make up the largest contingent of foreign visitors, may be deterred from coming because it will now be more expensive.If this turns out to be a long-term phenomenon then the vital tourism industry in Greece could be hit as British holidaymakers, who make up the largest contingent of foreign visitors, may be deterred from coming because it will now be more expensive.
There are also fears that Greek exports to Britain will be hit.There are also fears that Greek exports to Britain will be hit.
Experts believe these factors and the anticipated turbulence across European markets, could sink the fragile Greek economy.Experts believe these factors and the anticipated turbulence across European markets, could sink the fragile Greek economy.
Uncertainty in Dublin - by Shane Harrison
There will be no official Dublin reaction to the UK EU referendum result until it is officially declared but it is clear this is not the outcome the Republic wanted.
The Irish government, which remained neutral in the Scottish independence referendum, actively encouraged Irish citizens in the UK to vote to remain in the EU.
Last night there were indications that an emergency cabinet meeting would be called this morning if the UK voted to leave.
With uncertainty over what happens next and how long the process of UK EU withdrawal will take, there will be concern in Dublin about the implications of the vote for the border with Northern Ireland, the impact of a weakening sterling and the effect on trade which is estimated at over €1bn between the two states every week.
In the course of the campaign Irish ministers disagreed with the Northern Ireland Secretary, Teresa Villiers, about whether the border would be "hard" or "soft" if the British decided to leave.
Dublin said some form of border control, whether on the border or at airports and ports, was likely to be re-introduced because the Republic is the only EU state to share a land border with the UK.