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| Fort McMurray Blaze, Fast and Unpredictable, Keeps Firefighters at a Distance | Fort McMurray Blaze, Fast and Unpredictable, Keeps Firefighters at a Distance |
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| OTTAWA — Walls of flame driven by strong, shifting winds raged out of control on Wednesday through Fort McMurray, Alberta, where firefighters were helpless to stop the destruction of one neighborhood and the ravaging of several more. | OTTAWA — Walls of flame driven by strong, shifting winds raged out of control on Wednesday through Fort McMurray, Alberta, where firefighters were helpless to stop the destruction of one neighborhood and the ravaging of several more. |
| “To date, the fire has resisted all suppression efforts,” Bernie Schmidt, an Alberta forestry official, told reporters in a conference call on Wednesday. “This is a very complex fire, with multiple fronts and explosive conditions.” | |
| Rachel Notley, the premier of the province, said that at least 1,600 buildings had been destroyed. Firefighters had put out all the building fires in the city by Wednesday morning, Darby Allen, the regional fire chief for the area, said. But the danger was far from over. | |
| “This is a really dirty fire,” Mr. Allen told reporters on the conference call. “There are certainly areas within the city which have not been burned, but this fire will look for them, and it will take them.” | |
| The entire population of the Fort McMurray, the main center for Canada’s oil sands region, was ordered to evacuate on Tuesday evening once the fire, which began in woodlands outside the city, had overwhelmed firefighters’ efforts to hold it at bay. About 80,000 people fled, jamming the only route out of the city, Highway 63. | |
| As the road became gridlocked, it took motorists five hours or longer to travel about 12 miles to evacuation centers at the oil-sands work camps north of Fort McMurray. Travel was no easier southward toward Edmonton, the nearest sizable city, which is about 270 miles away. | As the road became gridlocked, it took motorists five hours or longer to travel about 12 miles to evacuation centers at the oil-sands work camps north of Fort McMurray. Travel was no easier southward toward Edmonton, the nearest sizable city, which is about 270 miles away. |
| Photos posted by residents on social media and video from the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation showed flames several stories high menacing Highway 63, and some residents said mild panic set in when the fire jumped the highway, closing if for several hours on Tuesday. Northbound motorists took to the grassy median and even drove the wrong way on the southbound lanes in hopes of escaping the city faster. | Photos posted by residents on social media and video from the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation showed flames several stories high menacing Highway 63, and some residents said mild panic set in when the fire jumped the highway, closing if for several hours on Tuesday. Northbound motorists took to the grassy median and even drove the wrong way on the southbound lanes in hopes of escaping the city faster. |
| “I looked in my rear view mirror, and all I saw was black,” one man told the CBC. After unsuccessfully trying to defend his house with a garden hose, he said, he scooped up a few personal belongings and, finding one road blocked by flames, drove his Chevrolet Impala sedan down a grassy hill to reach another, briefly becoming mired in mud on the way. | “I looked in my rear view mirror, and all I saw was black,” one man told the CBC. After unsuccessfully trying to defend his house with a garden hose, he said, he scooped up a few personal belongings and, finding one road blocked by flames, drove his Chevrolet Impala sedan down a grassy hill to reach another, briefly becoming mired in mud on the way. |
| “You don’t know what to grab,” he said, adding that he had unwisely ignored orders from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police to leave earlier. “You don’t expect this.” | “You don’t know what to grab,” he said, adding that he had unwisely ignored orders from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police to leave earlier. “You don’t expect this.” |
| Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said on Wednesday that he had pledged the national government’s “total support” for the firefighting efforts, aid for evacuees and other needs during a telephone call with Ms. Notley, the premier, who flew to Fort McMurray on Wednesday. Mr. Trudeau said offers of support from local governments across Canada had been pouring in as well. | |
| “Canada is a country where we look out for our neighbors,” Mr. Trudeau said in Ottawa, where he was meeting with lawmakers of his party. “Certainly in Fort McMurray, the difficult times they are going through there right now is something we are going to unite around across the country.” | “Canada is a country where we look out for our neighbors,” Mr. Trudeau said in Ottawa, where he was meeting with lawmakers of his party. “Certainly in Fort McMurray, the difficult times they are going through there right now is something we are going to unite around across the country.” |
| The defense minister, Harjit Sajjan, told reporters on a conference call that the military was standing by to offer whatever assistance was requested. Alberta is home to several large military bases, meaning that troops, equipment and aircraft are relatively close at hand. | The defense minister, Harjit Sajjan, told reporters on a conference call that the military was standing by to offer whatever assistance was requested. Alberta is home to several large military bases, meaning that troops, equipment and aircraft are relatively close at hand. |
| Hundreds of firefighters were in Fort McMurray on Wednesday with more on the way, but many of them were standing by, awaiting a chance to go into action. Helicopters and airplanes dropped water and chemical suppressants, but the speed of the fire’s progress and frequent shifts in its direction have so far made it too dangerous to tackle from the ground, said Laura Stewart, a spokeswoman for the provincial government. | Hundreds of firefighters were in Fort McMurray on Wednesday with more on the way, but many of them were standing by, awaiting a chance to go into action. Helicopters and airplanes dropped water and chemical suppressants, but the speed of the fire’s progress and frequent shifts in its direction have so far made it too dangerous to tackle from the ground, said Laura Stewart, a spokeswoman for the provincial government. |
| As the fire spread into the city, reporters and witnesses said, the sound of exploding propane tanks filled the air. It appeared on Wednesday morning that the downtown business district of Fort McMurray was still largely undamaged, but several businesses on its fringes had been destroyed, including a gas station and a hotel. | As the fire spread into the city, reporters and witnesses said, the sound of exploding propane tanks filled the air. It appeared on Wednesday morning that the downtown business district of Fort McMurray was still largely undamaged, but several businesses on its fringes had been destroyed, including a gas station and a hotel. |
| The evacuation has drained Fort McMurray of gasoline, and some motorists ran out of fuel on the highway trying to escape the city. New supplies were being brought in from refineries north and south of the city on Wednesday, according to news reports, and police officers were trying to aid stranded motorists. | The evacuation has drained Fort McMurray of gasoline, and some motorists ran out of fuel on the highway trying to escape the city. New supplies were being brought in from refineries north and south of the city on Wednesday, according to news reports, and police officers were trying to aid stranded motorists. |
| Most of Fort McMurray’s oil sands operations are north of the city and well outside the likely path of the fire. The land for the projects is clear-cut before extraction work begins, so there is no forest present there for the fire to burn. | |
| The oil sands themselves are found under layers of rock and soil, called overburden, that would keep them from igniting, said Ian D. Gates, chairman of the department of petroleum engineering at the University of Calgary. He said that the bitumen in oil sands at the surface, already exposed by mining or erosion, might burn if a sufficiently hot wildfire were to reach them, but that it was unlikely that such a fire would then spread underground. | |
| Thousands of oil sands workers live in other parts of Canada and commute by air to the region for a few weeks’ work at a time, sleeping in company-owned or leased work camps between shifts. Some oil companies were flying employees out to make room in their camps for evacuees. A spokesman for Shell said its Albian Sands mining operation had been shut down so that workers could be evacuated. Suncor Energy told employees in nonessential jobs not to report to work on Wednesday. | |
| The city’s airport, unaffected by the fire so far, remained open on Wednesday, but only for a limited number of outgoing flights. | The city’s airport, unaffected by the fire so far, remained open on Wednesday, but only for a limited number of outgoing flights. |
| Ms. Stewart, the provincial spokeswoman, said that no immediate cause of the fire, which started over the weekend, had been determined. But she added that the winter and spring had been unusually dry and warm, parching the forests that surround the city. The weather this week has been unseasonably hot, with temperatures on Tuesday reaching about 90 degrees Fahrenheit — rare in Fort McMurray even at the peak of summer — with relative humidity of just 13 percent. | Ms. Stewart, the provincial spokeswoman, said that no immediate cause of the fire, which started over the weekend, had been determined. But she added that the winter and spring had been unusually dry and warm, parching the forests that surround the city. The weather this week has been unseasonably hot, with temperatures on Tuesday reaching about 90 degrees Fahrenheit — rare in Fort McMurray even at the peak of summer — with relative humidity of just 13 percent. |
| Fire and emergency services officials said that shifting winds and continued high temperatures could increase the size of the fire, which covered about 25,000 acres on Wednesday morning. Satellite thermal images show that the fire jumped a river on Wednesday and was curling back in one direction toward downtown Fort McMurray, which had been largely untouched, and in another direction toward the city’s airport and an industrial park. | |
| Firefighters spent Tuesday night clearing fire breaks near the industrial park and airport, but the intensity of the fire made it unclear whether those efforts would have any success. | |
| Ms. Notley, the provincial premier, said that officials were holding off on flooding the area with assistance until the shape of the fire becomes clearer and the unseasonably hot weather turns cooler, which may help make the fire less destructive. | |
| “You’re first thought is to say: ‘Get more people, get more stuff, go, go, go,” Ms. Notley said, but that approach could cause added danger and hamper firefighting work by clogging the city’s small airport. Instead, she said, the province has been concentrating on sending specially trained firefighters and specialized equipment in from other parts of the province. |