The first motorists used the hard shoulder at 7.45am this morning
The first motorists used the hard shoulder at 7.45am this morning
WHO, WHAT, WHY? The Magazine answers...
WHO, WHAT, WHY? The Magazine answers...
The hard shoulder of a motorway is being opened to traffic to cut rush-hour congestion. Will it ease motorists' frustrations - or put their lives at risk?
The hard shoulder of a motorway is being opened to traffic to cut rush-hour congestion. Will it ease motorists' frustrations - or put their lives at risk?
The M42 in the West Midlands is one of the most heavily-congested motorways in the country - and to help the traffic keep moving a stretch of the hard shoulder is being opened as an additional lane.
The M42 in the West Midlands is one of the most heavily-congested motorways in the country - and to help the traffic keep moving a stretch of the hard shoulder is being opened as an additional lane.
This has prompted safety fears - particularly for drivers who break down on the stretch of motorway that has traffic running on the hard shoulder. How would such breakdowns be reached? How would fast-moving traffic avoid vehicles stranded in this lane?
This has prompted safety fears - particularly for drivers who break down on the stretch of motorway that has traffic running on the hard shoulder. How would such breakdowns be reached? How would fast-moving traffic avoid vehicles stranded in this lane?
WHO, WHAT, WHY? A regular feature in the BBC News Magazine - aiming to answer some of the questions behind the headlines
WHO, WHAT, WHY? A regular feature in the BBC News Magazine - aiming to answer some of the questions behind the headlines
The pilot project is using an 11-mile stretch of the M42 between junctions 3A and 7 to examine the feasibility of using the hard shoulder - with the first cars rumbling down this extra lane at 7.45am during Tuesday's rush hour.
The pilot project is using an 11-mile stretch of the M42 between junctions 3A and 7 to examine the feasibility of using the hard shoulder - with the first cars rumbling down this extra lane at 7.45am during Tuesday's rush hour.
Sensors, every 100 metres in the road surface, measure the volume of traffic - and if it appears to be at risk of grinding to a halt - the "active traffic management" system will come into operation, allowing cars to use the hard shoulder at a maximum speed of 50mph.
Sensors, every 100 metres in the road surface, measure the volume of traffic - and if it appears to be at risk of grinding to a halt - the "active traffic management" system will come into operation, allowing cars to use the hard shoulder at a maximum speed of 50mph.
This part of the motorway carries 125,000 vehicles per day - and the greatest concern has been over breakdowns or collisions during heavy traffic. Where will cars be able to wait for assistance?
This part of the motorway carries 125,000 vehicles per day - and the greatest concern has been over breakdowns or collisions during heavy traffic. Where will cars be able to wait for assistance?
1The Highways Agency, which is running the test, has built "emergency refuge areas" every 500 metres, which are roadside bays where broken-down cars will be able to wait for rescue services - acting almost like large lay-bys beyond the margins of the hard shoulder.
1The Highways Agency, which is running the test, has built "emergency refuge areas" every 500 metres, which are roadside bays where broken-down cars will be able to wait for rescue services - acting almost like large lay-bys beyond the margins of the hard shoulder.
Monitored motorway
Monitored motorway
These refuge areas will be monitored by CCTV cameras and detectors in the road surface so that help can be sent as soon as possible.
These refuge areas will be monitored by CCTV cameras and detectors in the road surface so that help can be sent as soon as possible.
But the big worry will be what happens if your car comes to a halt on the hard shoulder when it's being used by traffic. Hard shoulders are notoriously dangerous - even without the risk of the lane being used by convoys of juggernauts.
But the big worry will be what happens if your car comes to a halt on the hard shoulder when it's being used by traffic. Hard shoulders are notoriously dangerous - even without the risk of the lane being used by convoys of juggernauts.
Signs above the motorway tell drivers when they can use the hard shoulder
Signs above the motorway tell drivers when they can use the hard shoulder
The Highways Agency says this stretch of motorway will be closely monitored by cameras - and that any lane that is blocked, including the hard shoulder, can be closed immediately.
The Highways Agency says this stretch of motorway will be closely monitored by cameras - and that any lane that is blocked, including the hard shoulder, can be closed immediately.
"It won't be a case of waiting for someone to contact us, we'll see straight away," says a Highways Agency spokesperson.
"It won't be a case of waiting for someone to contact us, we'll see straight away," says a Highways Agency spokesperson.
And the roads agency is confident that if there is a blockage in the hard shoulder, traffic will be stopped swiftly and access for emergency vehicles can be secured.
And the roads agency is confident that if there is a blockage in the hard shoulder, traffic will be stopped swiftly and access for emergency vehicles can be secured.
This re-working of the road has cost £100m - but the Highways Agency says this could still be a more cost effective way of tackling congestion. Adding an additional lane would have cost £500m - and would have meant using more land.
This re-working of the road has cost £100m - but the Highways Agency says this could still be a more cost effective way of tackling congestion. Adding an additional lane would have cost £500m - and would have meant using more land.
The M42 project - covering the area of Birmingham airport, the NEC and links between other routes such as the M6 - will also examine how to keep different types of traffic flowing.
The M42 project - covering the area of Birmingham airport, the NEC and links between other routes such as the M6 - will also examine how to keep different types of traffic flowing.
The merging of local and long-distance traffic can cause delays and the Highways Agency envisages in peak hours, local traffic, maybe only travelling for one or two junctions, could stay within the hard shoulder.
The merging of local and long-distance traffic can cause delays and the Highways Agency envisages in peak hours, local traffic, maybe only travelling for one or two junctions, could stay within the hard shoulder.
Breakdown fears
Breakdown fears
The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents remains to be convinced about using hard shoulders - and warns if the experiment proves dangerous, the Highways Agency will have to be ready to scrap it.
The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents remains to be convinced about using hard shoulders - and warns if the experiment proves dangerous, the Highways Agency will have to be ready to scrap it.
An 11-mile stretch of the M42 will test the use of the hard shoulder
"Using the hard shoulder as a running lane may make it more difficult for drivers to find somewhere safe to stop if they break down as the emergency refuges are only spaced at intervals along the motorway," says a RoSPA spokesperson.
"Using the hard shoulder as a running lane may make it more difficult for drivers to find somewhere safe to stop if they break down as the emergency refuges are only spaced at intervals along the motorway," says a RoSPA spokesperson.
"Emergency service and breakdown vehicles may also find it more difficult to reach breakdowns and accidents, which would delay accident victims receiving help and delay the motorway being cleared."
"Emergency service and breakdown vehicles may also find it more difficult to reach breakdowns and accidents, which would delay accident victims receiving help and delay the motorway being cleared."
RoSPA also fears this could be a dangerous precedent, giving road users the idea that it is permissible to use the hard shoulder when motorways are blocked.
RoSPA also fears this could be a dangerous precedent, giving road users the idea that it is permissible to use the hard shoulder when motorways are blocked.
The concept of using the hard shoulder is not entirely new. A similar scheme has been tested in the Netherlands - where the Highways Agency says that it led to a 13% drop in accidents. And hard shoulders have been used to cut congestion in Germany and in a number of US states.
The concept of using the hard shoulder is not entirely new. A similar scheme has been tested in the Netherlands - where the Highways Agency says that it led to a 13% drop in accidents. And hard shoulders have been used to cut congestion in Germany and in a number of US states.
The Highways Agency claimed that the first test on Tuesday had been "a real success" and that traffic had moved onto the hard shoulder without any problems.
The Highways Agency claimed that the first test on Tuesday had been "a real success" and that traffic had moved onto the hard shoulder without any problems.
If the system proves effective in the long term, it's expected that it could be extended to other motorways.
If the system proves effective in the long term, it's expected that it could be extended to other motorways.
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