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| Benoît Violier, Top French-Swiss Chef, Dies at 44 | Benoît Violier, Top French-Swiss Chef, Dies at 44 |
| (about 1 hour later) | |
| LONDON — The French-Swiss chef Benoît Violier, who scaled the heights of gastronomy to preside over a small Swiss restaurant that was named the best in the world in December, has died in what appears to have been a suicide, according to the police. He was 44. | LONDON — The French-Swiss chef Benoît Violier, who scaled the heights of gastronomy to preside over a small Swiss restaurant that was named the best in the world in December, has died in what appears to have been a suicide, according to the police. He was 44. |
| The Swiss police said in a statement that Mr. Violier’s body was found late Sunday at his home in Crissier, Switzerland, near Lausanne. | The Swiss police said in a statement that Mr. Violier’s body was found late Sunday at his home in Crissier, Switzerland, near Lausanne. |
| “It would seem that he has ended his life with a firearm,” the statement said, adding that an investigation into the circumstances of his death had been opened. | “It would seem that he has ended his life with a firearm,” the statement said, adding that an investigation into the circumstances of his death had been opened. |
| Out of respect for the family, the authorities said, no further statements would be made. | Out of respect for the family, the authorities said, no further statements would be made. |
| Mr. Violier, a perfectionist known for his acumen in cooking game, ran the Restaurant de l’Hôtel de Ville, which has been awarded three Michelin stars and in December took the number one spot in La Liste, France’s ranking of 1,000 restaurants in 48 countries. | Mr. Violier, a perfectionist known for his acumen in cooking game, ran the Restaurant de l’Hôtel de Ville, which has been awarded three Michelin stars and in December took the number one spot in La Liste, France’s ranking of 1,000 restaurants in 48 countries. |
| The restaurant’s menu has included dishes such as “pigs trotters from the Jura with black truffles and glazed with Madeira wine”; roast Bresse chicken served with “Blue Winter” leeks and truffles, and a “fantasy of shellfish from the Saint-Brieuc Bay served raw in the shell on a delicate velouté.” | |
| Mr. Violier was born in La Rochelle, a coastal city in western France, to a family of winemakers. In 2013, he was named chef of the year by the Gault & Millau guide, one of the world’s most influential arbiters of culinary excellence. | |
| Towering figures of French cuisine paid homage to Mr. Violier, remarking on his self-effacing character, his kindness and a rare artistry that garnered him a legion of followers. | Towering figures of French cuisine paid homage to Mr. Violier, remarking on his self-effacing character, his kindness and a rare artistry that garnered him a legion of followers. |
| One of France’s most celebrated chefs, the octogenarian Paul Bocuse, wrote on Twitter that Mr. Violier had been a “great chef, great man, a gigantic talent.” | One of France’s most celebrated chefs, the octogenarian Paul Bocuse, wrote on Twitter that Mr. Violier had been a “great chef, great man, a gigantic talent.” |
| “The planet has been orphaned by the loss of this exceptional chef, Benoît Violier. I am devastated,” another renowned French chef, Marc Veyrat, wrote on Twitter. | |
| The Michelin guide released its list of starred restaurants in France for 2016 on Monday, and although Mr. Violier’s establishment is in Switzerland, he had been planning to attend a ceremony in Paris to mark the new rankings, according to Swiss news media. Instead, the proceedings began with a minute of silence for him. | |
| “We are shocked by the death of Benoît Violier, a chef of immense talent,” Michelin said on Twitter. “Our thoughts are with his family and his colleagues.” | |
| Patricia Zizza, who has worked by Mr. Bocuse’s side for 40 years and has known some of the world’s greatest chefs, including Mr. Violier, said that the pressure on star chefs was intense, and that it could push some to depression and exhaustion because chefs were expected to create a masterwork every day. | |
| “Every day, chefs are in the theater and must produce a great work, and the pressure is very strong to maintain that excellence,” Ms. Zizza said. “It requires an enormous amount of attention, from assuring the quality of the products to directing teams of people, and it entails many sacrifices, including to one’s personal life.” | |
| She said it was possible that Mr. Violier’s success at such a young age had weighed on him, even as she noted his exceptional calm under pressure. | |
| “He was very calm and mastered every situation. He was a young chef to be in his position and have such success,” she said. “Being on top of La Liste no doubt put a lot of pressure. When someone says you are the best today, you have to be the best tomorrow.” | |
| She said Mr. Violier had been particularly shaken by the death last year of his mentor, the Swiss chef Philippe Rochat, who died after falling ill during a cycle ride. Mr. Violier began running Restaurant de l’Hôtel de Ville in 2012 with his wife, Brigitte, after Mr. Rochat retired. | |
| When Mr. Violier was awarded the top place in La Liste’s ranking in December, he responded with characteristic modesty. | When Mr. Violier was awarded the top place in La Liste’s ranking in December, he responded with characteristic modesty. |
| “I feel a heavy responsibility to be named number one,” he said in an interview with The New York Times published in December. He added that the key to his success was consistency, not flashiness, and he singled out his loyal team, including Louis Villeneuve, his maître d’hôtel who has been in his post for four decades. | “I feel a heavy responsibility to be named number one,” he said in an interview with The New York Times published in December. He added that the key to his success was consistency, not flashiness, and he singled out his loyal team, including Louis Villeneuve, his maître d’hôtel who has been in his post for four decades. |
| “This ranking is a recognition of seriousness, of delivering the same fidelity and level of excellence from the beginning of January to the end of December,” Mr. Violier said. “It’s a great tribute to the team.” | “This ranking is a recognition of seriousness, of delivering the same fidelity and level of excellence from the beginning of January to the end of December,” Mr. Violier said. “It’s a great tribute to the team.” |
| The French Foreign Ministry commissioned La Liste, apparently as a response to the London-based World’s 50 Best Restaurants. The British rankings were criticized by some in France for failing to give French restaurants their rightful due, but other members of the culinary establishment regarded the alternative effort as misguided, too. | The French Foreign Ministry commissioned La Liste, apparently as a response to the London-based World’s 50 Best Restaurants. The British rankings were criticized by some in France for failing to give French restaurants their rightful due, but other members of the culinary establishment regarded the alternative effort as misguided, too. |
| Although the precise circumstances of Mr. Violier’s death remained unclear, other top chefs have been pushed to suicide, buffeted by a high-pressure world that demands perfection and where culinary demigods can be demoted with the stroke of a pen. | Although the precise circumstances of Mr. Violier’s death remained unclear, other top chefs have been pushed to suicide, buffeted by a high-pressure world that demands perfection and where culinary demigods can be demoted with the stroke of a pen. |
| In 2003, Bernard Loiseau, the chef and owner of the Côte d’Or, a Michelin three-star restaurant in Burgundy, was found dead in his home at the age of 52. | In 2003, Bernard Loiseau, the chef and owner of the Côte d’Or, a Michelin three-star restaurant in Burgundy, was found dead in his home at the age of 52. |
| According to the French news media, the chef had been distraught over a slight demotion in the Gault & Millau guide and anxiety that he could lose a star in the next edition of the Michelin guide. | |
| In a recent interview with Femina, a women’s magazine, Mr. Violier’s wife, Brigitte, was asked how she coped with the exhaustion that comes with presiding over one of the world’s best restaurants. | |
| She said she sought escape with moments of calm and hobbies, and by seeking to forget life’s constraints during vacation periods. | |
| “I get a change of scene,” she said. “And then there is also all the time that I pass with Romain, our son, which offers a breath of fresh air, far away from any professional preoccupations.” |