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| German Parliament Votes to Send Military Assistance to Fight ISIS | German Parliament Votes to Send Military Assistance to Fight ISIS |
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| BERLIN — The German Parliament voted overwhelmingly on Friday to send reconnaissance planes, a frigate and midair fueling capacity to the Middle East to support the campaign against the Islamic State in Syria, although German forces will not be involved in direct combat like airstrikes. | BERLIN — The German Parliament voted overwhelmingly on Friday to send reconnaissance planes, a frigate and midair fueling capacity to the Middle East to support the campaign against the Islamic State in Syria, although German forces will not be involved in direct combat like airstrikes. |
| The vote — with 445 in favor, 146 against, and seven abstentions — was expected, given the large parliamentary majority commanded by Chancellor Angela Merkel’s “grand coalition” government of center-right and center-left. | The vote — with 445 in favor, 146 against, and seven abstentions — was expected, given the large parliamentary majority commanded by Chancellor Angela Merkel’s “grand coalition” government of center-right and center-left. |
| Twenty-eight Social Democrats and just two Christian Democrats joined the opposition — the Greens and the Left party — in opposing the deployment. Three Greens voted for the military action. | Twenty-eight Social Democrats and just two Christian Democrats joined the opposition — the Greens and the Left party — in opposing the deployment. Three Greens voted for the military action. |
| Even 70 years after World War II, Germany remains wary of using its military outside the NATO alliance, and such missions require parliamentary approval. | Even 70 years after World War II, Germany remains wary of using its military outside the NATO alliance, and such missions require parliamentary approval. |
| The government said action was essential because the turmoil in the Middle East was increasingly affecting events at home, from the arrival of hundreds of thousands of refugees to terrorist alerts and risky missions overseas for Germany’s all-volunteer armed forces. | The government said action was essential because the turmoil in the Middle East was increasingly affecting events at home, from the arrival of hundreds of thousands of refugees to terrorist alerts and risky missions overseas for Germany’s all-volunteer armed forces. |
| The vote came only eight days after the government first pledged to meet requests from Germany’s closest European ally, France, for assistance in targeting the Islamic State in Syria after the Nov. 13 terrorist attacks that killed 130 people in and around Paris. | The vote came only eight days after the government first pledged to meet requests from Germany’s closest European ally, France, for assistance in targeting the Islamic State in Syria after the Nov. 13 terrorist attacks that killed 130 people in and around Paris. |
| “The Paris attacks have forced us in Europe to realize that the Middle East is not somewhere distant like South America,” said Norbert Röttgen, head of Parliament’s foreign affairs committee. | “The Paris attacks have forced us in Europe to realize that the Middle East is not somewhere distant like South America,” said Norbert Röttgen, head of Parliament’s foreign affairs committee. |
| “It is our neighbor,” he added, “and we Europeans must take responsibility for this region.” | “It is our neighbor,” he added, “and we Europeans must take responsibility for this region.” |
| Thomas Oppermann, the Social Democrats’ leader in Parliament, noted that the government had been compelled to move swiftly because France had asked for help. “We can act quickly when that is needed,” yet with sufficient debate to enable a responsible decision, he said. | Thomas Oppermann, the Social Democrats’ leader in Parliament, noted that the government had been compelled to move swiftly because France had asked for help. “We can act quickly when that is needed,” yet with sufficient debate to enable a responsible decision, he said. |
| The opposition attacked the government for its rapid response, however, and it charged that Berlin was relying solely on what it described as an ill-considered military action to combat the Islamic State, also known as ISIS or ISIL. | The opposition attacked the government for its rapid response, however, and it charged that Berlin was relying solely on what it described as an ill-considered military action to combat the Islamic State, also known as ISIS or ISIL. |
| “War is terror that breeds more terror,” Sahra Wagenknecht, co-leader of the Left party, told Parliament. | “War is terror that breeds more terror,” Sahra Wagenknecht, co-leader of the Left party, told Parliament. |
| Part of the reason the government moved so quickly was that both major parties in the coalition will have annual congresses starting in a week, and that they apparently wanted the military deployment question settled beforehand. | Part of the reason the government moved so quickly was that both major parties in the coalition will have annual congresses starting in a week, and that they apparently wanted the military deployment question settled beforehand. |
| Lawmakers from both parties cited the deployment in Afghanistan after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks as a precedent; the opposition called that comparison unfortunate, noting the continuing turmoil and insecurity in Afghanistan 14 years later. | Lawmakers from both parties cited the deployment in Afghanistan after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks as a precedent; the opposition called that comparison unfortunate, noting the continuing turmoil and insecurity in Afghanistan 14 years later. |
| The government also moved quickly to capitalize on public outrage over the attacks in Paris, said Henning Riecke, trans-Atlantic director at the German Council on Foreign Relations. | The government also moved quickly to capitalize on public outrage over the attacks in Paris, said Henning Riecke, trans-Atlantic director at the German Council on Foreign Relations. |
| The parliamentary vote came as a new national opinion poll indicated solid support for military action. | The parliamentary vote came as a new national opinion poll indicated solid support for military action. |
| The poll showed that 59 percent of respondents supported the plan for limited deployment that the government had proposed and that 34 percent would back airstrikes in Syria; 22 percent would even be prepared to deploy ground troops. | |
| The poll for the public service broadcaster ARD and the daily Die Welt was conducted from Nov. 30 to Dec. 1, with 1,003 respondents and a margin of sampling error of plus or minus three percentage points, according to the pollster Infratest Dimap. | |
| The same poll also showed that Ms. Merkel, whose personal popularity ratings slipped recently during the refugee crisis, had recovered five percentage points in the past month, putting her at 54 percent. | The same poll also showed that Ms. Merkel, whose personal popularity ratings slipped recently during the refugee crisis, had recovered five percentage points in the past month, putting her at 54 percent. |
| In the past two years, Defense Minister Ursula von der Leyen, a Christian Democrat, and Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier, a Social Democrat, have been among the strongest advocates of more robust German leadership in global affairs, including military action if necessary. | In the past two years, Defense Minister Ursula von der Leyen, a Christian Democrat, and Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier, a Social Democrat, have been among the strongest advocates of more robust German leadership in global affairs, including military action if necessary. |
| Both, however, have taken care to cast the relatively modest assistance for France as part of a broader strategy to end Syria’s four-and-a-half-year war. | Both, however, have taken care to cast the relatively modest assistance for France as part of a broader strategy to end Syria’s four-and-a-half-year war. |
| The deployment of six Tornado reconnaissance planes, satellite radar, the frigate to support a French aircraft carrier, and the midair fueling capacity “is part of a policy,” Mr. Steinmeier told Parliament this week during the three-day debate on deployment. “It is not a substitute for policy.” | The deployment of six Tornado reconnaissance planes, satellite radar, the frigate to support a French aircraft carrier, and the midair fueling capacity “is part of a policy,” Mr. Steinmeier told Parliament this week during the three-day debate on deployment. “It is not a substitute for policy.” |
| “We are going to need patience,” Ms. von der Leyen said, emphasizing that lasting success against the Islamic State would require local ground forces who knew the terrain and would fight for their home. | “We are going to need patience,” Ms. von der Leyen said, emphasizing that lasting success against the Islamic State would require local ground forces who knew the terrain and would fight for their home. |
| The Germans hope that some of the hundreds of militias fighting in Syria will negotiate local cease-fires and then turn collectively against the Islamic State, she said Thursday. | |
| The deployment will probably involve about 1,200 members of the German armed forces, in addition to 650 who will be sent to Mali in the coming weeks to relieve French troops battling Islamic extremists in the former French colony. | The deployment will probably involve about 1,200 members of the German armed forces, in addition to 650 who will be sent to Mali in the coming weeks to relieve French troops battling Islamic extremists in the former French colony. |
| Dr. Riecke said the dangers to soldiers in Mali might well prove greater than to those armed forces members involved in the limited Middle East mission. | Dr. Riecke said the dangers to soldiers in Mali might well prove greater than to those armed forces members involved in the limited Middle East mission. |
| Germany clearly wants to be able to play a role as mediator, or enabler, of talks, Dr. Riecke added. While Ms. Merkel has been a strong voice on the need to take in refugees, she has not been prominent in the debate on deployment. Instead, the foreign and defense ministers have been in the public eye. | Germany clearly wants to be able to play a role as mediator, or enabler, of talks, Dr. Riecke added. While Ms. Merkel has been a strong voice on the need to take in refugees, she has not been prominent in the debate on deployment. Instead, the foreign and defense ministers have been in the public eye. |
| On Thursday, Ms. von der Leyen appeared to concede that critics had a legitimate argument when they questioned whether Germany’s military had the bandwidth for these deployments. In recent weeks, the Army has undertaken increased duties at home as the country accommodates the new refugees. | |
| Further questions about Germany’s military capacity arose this week when the Defense Ministry made clear that only 30 of about 60 aging Tornado planes were ready for deployment. | Further questions about Germany’s military capacity arose this week when the Defense Ministry made clear that only 30 of about 60 aging Tornado planes were ready for deployment. |