The Liberal Democrat leader is to set his party the task of doubling its tally of Scottish MPs within six years.
Liberal Democrat leader Nick Clegg has given his blessing to Scottish colleagues to have different policies from main UK party.
Nick Clegg will announce the target in a speech to the Scottish Liberal Democrat conference in Aviemore, which begins on Friday.
He also set his party the task of doubling its current tally of 12 Scottish MPs within six years.
The Liberal Democrats currently have 12 of Scotland's 59 Westminster seats.
Mr Clegg set out his vision in a keynote speech at the Scottish Liberal Democrats conference in Aviemore.
In a BBC Scotland interview, Mr Clegg also called for the Barnett formula to be scrapped and for more legislative and tax-raising powers for Holyrood.
It was the first since the Lib Dems lost power at Holyrood in last May's Scottish election.
Speaking ahead of the conference, he welcomed a proposed review of Holyrood's powers.
'Tall order'
He said it should be seen as a process of '"nurturing" devolution, which ultimately could lead to home rule for Scotland within a federal United Kingdom.
Mr Clegg also claimed it was his party which was the leading force in the previous eight years of coalition government with Labour at Holyrood.
However, the party leader also called for more ambitious and wide-ranging constitutional reform north of the border.
He said the Scottish Parliament was established to hand power to those who knew how best to use it.
Mr Clegg said politicians in Edinburgh should have responsibility for raising money, not just spending it.
Mr Clegg said: "Does that mean that our Scottish party might have different policies from the Welsh party or the English party?
Alex Salmond's real goal remains the dissolution of Britain Nick CleggLiberal Democrat leader
"Yes it might - and that's fine by me.
He also advocated scrapping the Barnett formula, which helps determine the level of public expenditure in Scotland.
"That's what our vision for home rule is all about. The principles that guide our party are universal but the circumstances that shape our politics are not."
"Why can't the Scottish Parliament raise more of its own money rather than relying on a block grant from Westminster?" he will ask.
The big ideas, the big achievements, of the first eight years of devolution were Liberal Democrat ideas Nick Clegg
"We should ask why so many human rights and equalities issues are decided in London.
On the call for 24 MPs in Scotland, Mr Clegg said: "It's a tall order and it won't be easy, but we can get there.
"And we should ask why Scotland's marine powers are so limited when Scotland's marine needs are so specific - and Westminster is dragging its heels."
"We can only shape the future if we push our way to the centre of power, elected on a mandate for change."
Mr Clegg will tell the conference that Scots want "a stronger Scotland and a more popular Union".
Mr Clegg went on to claim Labour had run out of steam, adding: "The big ideas, the big achievements, of the first eight years of devolution were Liberal Democrat ideas - each and every one of them.
"And I believe that is what Scotland will vote for," he will say.
"And they were not achieved because of the Labour Party - they were achieved in spite of the Labour Party."
"By the election after next I want us to more than double the number of Westminster MPs that we have today, because we can only change the future if we push our way into the centre of power, elected on a mandate for change."
Mr Clegg went on to claim that the Tories, "which never wanted a parliament in the first place", "now hangs around at the feet of (first minister) Alex Salmond in the desperate hope of scraps from his table".
'Deserves better'
And less than a year after the SNP took power in Scotland, he added, there was barely an idea, policy or commitment that the party had been unwilling to sling overboard.
Mr Clegg will also use the conference to attack "old, tired and incompetent" Labour and the "reactionary, remote and regressive" Conservatives.
"In government, they have found that reality bites," said Mr Clegg.
He will accuse Labour of failing to adapt to devolved politics in Scotland, saying: "Like an overbearing father, Gordon Brown has had problems letting go of Scottish Labour.
"Bluster, hubris and spin have been their cover for a record of broken promises and over-centralisation."
"He wants Wendy Alexander to deliver Brown's Britain in miniature - she's done a pretty good job of that."
And he will accuse the minority SNP administration in Holyrood of abandoning pre-election promises when faced with the reality of government.
"Alex Salmond's real goal remains the dissolution of Britain," he will say.
"Everything else is just games, tactics and words. Scotland deserves better than that."
